EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL PESTICIDE LEVELS AND GREENHOUSE PROPERTIES AND PESTICIDE LEVELS IN GREENHOUSE AGRICULTURAL SOIL

Abstract

Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) are persistent in nature and tend to accumulate in the soil. It has started to attract attention in recent years due to its negative effects on the environment and human health. In greenhouse cultivation, which is the first point where OCPs join the food chain, it is extremely important to determine their levels. In this study, OCP levels were measured in 24 plastic and 24 glass-covered greenhouses and correlated with greenhouse properties data obtained from the questionnaire applied to greenhouse owners. The mean value of total OCP (Σ17OCP) measured in all greenhouses was calculated as 21.34 ng/g. When the samples taken in greenhouses in two different seasons, summer and winter, were examined, Σ17OCP Summer: 12.99 ng/g, while Σ17OCP winter: 33.86 ng/g. The highest Σ17OCP level was 181.10 ng/g and the lowest Σ17OCP level was 3.31 ng/g. As a result of the comparison of the total OCP levels with the amount of pesticides used in the greenhouses and the ventilation, the direct effect of the spraying and ventilation criteria on the total OCP level was determined. It is recommended to provide necessary training for more conscious use of pesticides and to increase the amount of ventilation, especially in winter.

Keywords

• Antalya
• Organo Chlorinated Pesticide (OCP)
• Greenhouse Soil
• Greenhouse Features

SERA ZİRAİ TOPRAĞINDA TOPLAM PESTİSİT SEVİYELERİ VE SERA ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE PESTİSİT SEVİYELERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Organoklorlu Pestisit(OCP)’ler doğada kalıcı özelliktedir ve toprakta birikme eğilimi gösterir. Çevreye ve insan sağlığına olan olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı son yıllarda dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. OCP’lerin besin zincirine katıldığı ilk nokta olan sera yetiştiriciliğinde, seviyelerinin tespit edilmesi son derece önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada 24 Plastik, 24 cam kaplı serada OCP seviyeleri ölçülmüş ve sera sahiplerine uygulanan anketten elde edilen sera özellikleri verileri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bütün seralarda ölçülen toplam OCP (Σ17OCP) ortalama değeri 21,34 ng/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Seralarda yaz ve kış olmak üzere iki farklı mevsimde alınan örnekler incelendiğinde Σ17OCP Yaz: 12,99 ng/g iken Σ17OCP kış: 33.86 ng/g ölçülmüştür. En yüksek Σ17OCP seviyesi 181,10 ng/g ve en düşük Σ17OCP seviyesi 3,31 ng/g olarak ölçülmüştür. Toplam OCP seviyeleri ile seralarda kullanılan ilaç miktarları, havalandırmanın kıyaslanması sonucunda ilaçlama ve havalandırma kriterlerinin toplam OCP seviyesine doğrudan etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeple, ilaç kullanım miktarları konusunda daha bilinçli kullanım için gerekli eğitimlerin verilmesi ve özellikle kış mevsimde, havalandırma miktarının arttırılması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Antalya
• Organo Klorlu Pestisit (OCP)
• Sera Toprağı
• Sera Özellikleri

References

1. Agar, S., Ece H., Aydınoglu H., Temel O. 1991. Pestisit kullanımının tarihçesi, bugünü ve geleceği. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 15 (4), 247–56.
2. Akça O., 4,4′-DDE and Endosulfan Levels in Agricultural Soils of the Çukurova Region, Mediterranean Turkey, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
3. Altikat A., Turan T., Ekmekyapar Torun F., 2009. Türkiye’de Pestisit Kullanımı ve Çevreye Olan Etkileri, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2),87–92.
4. Bozlaker A., Müezzinoğlu A., Odabaşı M., 2013. Processes affecting the movement of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) between soil and air in an industrial site in Turkey, Chemosphere.
5. Choi S., Deuk S., Baek S.Y., Chang Y. S., Wania F., Ikonomou M.G., Yoon Y.J., Park B.K., Hong S., 2008. Passive air sampling of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides at the Korean arctic and antarctic research stations: Implications for long-range transport and local pollution, Environmental Science and Technology, 42(19), 7125–31.
6. Çok İ., Yelken Ç., Durmaz E., Üner M., Sever B., Satar F., 2011. Polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide levels in human breast Milk from the mediterranean city Antalya, Turkey, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
7. Güven E., Bolat D., Gedik K. Karakuş P., 2006. Zirai Bir Bölgede Toprakta Yasaklı OCP Mevcudiyeti ve Akıbeti, Çevre Bilim ve Teknoloji, Teknik Dergi, Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği Çevre Mühendisleri Odası, 1(1), 41–49.
8. Güven, E., Koç, İ., 2020. Diversity of non-targeted nematode, bacteria and microfungi populations in soil after some pesticide treatment, Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 30(2), 252–65.

9. Han Y., Mo R., Yuan X., Zhong D., Tang F., Ye C., Liu Y., 2017. Pesticide residues in nut-planted soils of China and their relationship between nut/soil, Chemosphere, 42-47.
10. Jayaraj R., Megha P., Sreedev P., 2016. Organochlorine pesticides, their toxic effects on living organisms and their fate in the environment, Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 90-100.
11. Jiang, Yu Feng., Jia Y., Wang F. 2009. Occurrence, distribution and possible sources of organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soil of Shanghai, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170 (2–3), 989–97.
12. Karadeniz H., Yenisoy-Karakaş S., 2015. Spatial distributions and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticides in water and soil samples in Bolu, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(3).
13. Kim J., Smith A., 2015. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils from South Korea, Chemosphere, 25 (6), 888-900.
14. Maliszewska-Kordybach B., Pawlas A., 2013. The levels and composition of persistent organic pollutants in alluvial agriculture soils affected by flooding, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(12), 9935–48.
15. Megharaj M., Kantachote D., Singleton I., Naidu R., 200. Effects of long-term contamination of DDT on soil microflora with special reference to soil algae and algal transformation of DDT, Environmental Pollution, 109(1), 35–42.
16. Sanlı G.E., Tasdemir Y., 2020. Seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in air samples during day and night periods in Bursa, Turkey, Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(12), 2142–53.
17. Satoh T., Gupta C., 2011. Anticholinesterase Pesticides: Metabolism, Neurotoxicity, and Epidemiology, Anticholinesterase Pesticides: Metabolism, Neurotoxicity, and Epidemiology, 1-9.
18. Sofuoglu A., Odabasi M., Tasdemir Y., Khalili N., Holsen T., 2001. Temperature dependence of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and organochlorine pesticide concentrations in Chicago air, Atmospheric Environment, 35(36), 6503–10.
19. Tiryaki O., 2016. Türkiye’de Yapılan Pestisit Kalıntı Analiz ve Çalışmaları, Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32(1),72–82.
20. Toker R., Gölükçü M., Tokgöz H., 2006. Domatesi̇n Beslenme Özelli̇kleri̇ ve Gıda Sanayi̇si̇nde Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇, Türkiye Tohumcular Birliği, 10(1), 46–51.
21. Turgut C., Cutright T., Mermer S., Atatamir L., Turgut N., Usluy M., Erdoğan O., The source of DDT and its metabolites contamination in Turkish agricultural soils, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(2), 1087–93.
22. Wang X., Piao X., Chen J., Hu J., Xu J. Tao S., 2006. Organochlorine pesticides in soil profiles from Tianjin, China, Chemosphere, 64(9), 1514–20.
23. Yu H.Y., Li F.B., Yu W.M., Li Y.T, Yang G.Y., Zhou S.G., Zhang T.B., Gao Y.X, Wan H.F., 2013. Assessment of organochlorine pesticide contamination in relation to soil properties in the Pearl River Delta, China, Science of the Total Environment, 447, 160–68.
24. Zhang A., Luo W, Sun J., Xiao H, Liu W., 2015. Supplementary Material for Distribution and Uptake Pathways of Organochlorine Pesticides in Greenhouse and Conventional Vegetables, Environmental Science and Engineering, 505, 1142–47.
25. Zhou Q., Wang J., Meng B., Cheng J., Lin G., Chen J., Zheng D., Yu Y., 2013. Distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soils from central China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 93, 163-170.