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İŞ YÜKÜ MİNİMİZASYONUNU HEDEFLEYEN BİR İŞÇİ ATAMA MODELİ ÖNERİSİ

Year 2018, Volume: 6 , 148 - 158, 24.12.2018

Abstract

Çalışanların fiziksel ve zihinsel kapasiteleri üretim
verimliliğini etkileyen en önemli faktörler arasındadır. Fiziksel ve zihinsel
kapasitenin sınırları insan olarak yapısal özelliklerin yanı sıra iş ortamının
koşullarından da etkilenmektedir. Bu koşullar, aydınlatma, gürültü,
havalandırma, titreşim gibi iş ortamının fiziksel özellikleridir. Söz konusu
özellikler, çalışanın performansını ve üstesinden gelebileceği iş yükü
seviyesini olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Üretimde verimliliğin sağlanabilmesi
için çalışanların kapasitelerine uygun iş yükü seviyelerine sahip olan işlere
atanmaları gerekmektedir. İş yükü seviyesi fazla olduğu zaman çalışan, erken
dönemde yorulmaktadır. Yorgunluk, solunum, dolaşım, kas-iskelet sistemi,
merkezi sinir sistemi gibi vücudun temel fonksiyonlarını yürüten sistemlerde
zorlanmaya sebep olmaktadır. Yorgunluk uzun süre devam ettiğinde ise işe
devamsızlıklar, kalite düzeyinde düşüşler, iş kazaları gibi olumsuz sonuçlar
ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Yorgunluk aynı zamanda çalışanın motivasyonunu da
düşürmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, üretim miktarı, birlikte çalışılan yükün
ağırlığı, iş ortamındaki sıcaklık, aydınlatma, gürültü ve çalışma duruşu
faktörlerini dikkate alan ve iş yükü en küçüklemesini hedefleyen bir işçi atama
modeli önerilmiştir. Önerilen model, bir reklam firmasının kutu harf üretim
alanında gerçekleştirilen işlere çalışanların atanması amacıyla kullanılmış ve
böylece zorlanma düzeyini en küçükleyen bir atamanın yapılması sağlanmıştır.

References

  • Akkale E.C, Elle Taşıma İşlerinde İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliğinin NIOSH Kaldırma Denklemi İle İncelenmesi, Çalışma Ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı İzmir, 2014.
  • Ansari, N. A., Shende, P. N., Sheikh, M. J., Vaidya, R. D., 2013. Study and Justification of Body Postures of Workers Working In SSI by Using Reba. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 2(3), 505-509.
  • Aryanezhad, M. B., Kheirkhah, A. S., Deljoo, V. and Mirzapour Al-e-hashem, S. M. J. (2009). Designing safe job rotation schedules based upon workers’ skills. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 41(1-2), 193-199.
  • Babalık, F. C. (2011). Mühendisler için ergonomi: İşbilim. 3. Baskı, Dora Yayınları, Bursa.
  • Chaudhary, R., Rangnekar, S., & Barua, M. K. (2014). Organizational climate, climate strength and work engagement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 133, 291-303.
  • Dağdeviren M. vd. (2005), Çalışanların Toplam İş Yükü Seviyelerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelk Bir Model Ve Uygulaması, J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol 20, No 4, 517-525, 2005.
  • Hignett, S., & McAtamney, L., 2000. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Applied Ergonomics, 31(2), 201-205.
  • Jung H.S ve Jung H.S (2001), Establishment of overall workload assessment technique for various tasks and workplaces, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 28 (2001) 341–353.
  • Kara Y.vd., Montaj Hatlarında Çalışma Duruşlarının Reba Yöntemi İle Analizi Ve Ergonomik Risk Değerlendirmesi Notları.
  • Kara Y. vd. (2014), An integrated model to incorporate ergonomics and resource restrictions into assembly line balancing, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 27:11, 997-1007, DOI:10.1080/0951192X.2013.874575.
  • Moussavi, S. E., Mahdjoub, M. and Grunder, O. (2016). Reducing production cycle time by ergonomic workforce scheduling. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(12), 419-424.
  • Otto, A., and Scholl, A. (2013). Reducing ergonomic risks by job rotation scheduling. OR Spectrum, 35(3), 711-733.
  • Seçkiner, S. U. and Kurt, M. (2008). Ant colony optimization for the job rotation scheduling problem. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 201(1), 149-160.
  • Song, J., Lee, C., Lee, W., Bahn, S., Jung, C. and Yun, M. H. (2016). Development of a job rotation scheduling algorithm for minimizing accumulated work load per body parts. Work, 53(3), 511-521.
  • Stanton, N., Hedge, A., Brookhuis, K., Salas, E. ve Hendrick, H., 1st. Edition, Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods, Florida: CRC Press, 2005.
  • Wongwien T. ve Nanthavanij S. (2012), Ergonomic Workforce Scheduling for Noisy Workstations with Single or Multiple Workers per Workstation, International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management Vol.20 No.3 (September-December, 2012) pp 34-39.
  • Xie B. ve Salvendy G. (2000), Review and reappraisal of modeling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments, Work & Stress, 2000, vol. 14, no. 1, 74–99.
  • Tharmmaphornphilas, W., Green, B., Carnahan, B. J. and Norman, B. A. (2003). Applying mathematical modeling to create job rotation schedules for minimizing occupational noise exposure. AIHA Journal, 64(3), 401-405.
  • Yoon, S. Y., Ko, J. and Jung, M. C. (2016). A model for developing job rotation schedules that eliminate sequential high workloads and minimize between-worker variability in cumulative daily workloads: Application to automotive assembly lines. Applied ergonomics, 55, 8-15.

AN ERGONOMIC WORKER ASSIGNMENT MODEL THAT AIMS TO MINIMIZE THE WORKLOAD

Year 2018, Volume: 6 , 148 - 158, 24.12.2018

Abstract

The physical and mental capacities of employees are one of the most important factors affecting production efficiency. The boundaries of the physical and mental capacities are influenced by the conditions of the working environment as well as the structural characteristics of the human being. These are the physical characteristics of the work environment, such as lighting, noise, ventilation, vibration. These characteristics affect the performance of the employee and the level of workload that he or she can overcome, either positively or negatively. In order to achieve productivity in production, employees need to be assigned to jobs having appropriate workload levels for their capacities When the workload level is high, worker fatigue occurs at the early stage of the work. Fatigue causes strain in respiration system, circulation system, musculoskeletal system, central nervous system carrying out the basic functions of the body, as the body's basic functions. When fatigue continues for a long time, negative results such as absenteeism, decline in quality level and work accidents can occur. Fatigue also reduces employee motivation. In this context, a worker assignment model aiming workload minimization has been proposed that takes into consideration the factors such as the amount of production, the weight of the workload to be worked together, the temperature, lighting, noise level of working area and working posture. The proposed model was used to assign employees to jobs performed in the field of box letter manufacturing of an advertising firm to make possible to utilize an assignment that minimizes the level of strain.

References

  • Akkale E.C, Elle Taşıma İşlerinde İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliğinin NIOSH Kaldırma Denklemi İle İncelenmesi, Çalışma Ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı İzmir, 2014.
  • Ansari, N. A., Shende, P. N., Sheikh, M. J., Vaidya, R. D., 2013. Study and Justification of Body Postures of Workers Working In SSI by Using Reba. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 2(3), 505-509.
  • Aryanezhad, M. B., Kheirkhah, A. S., Deljoo, V. and Mirzapour Al-e-hashem, S. M. J. (2009). Designing safe job rotation schedules based upon workers’ skills. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 41(1-2), 193-199.
  • Babalık, F. C. (2011). Mühendisler için ergonomi: İşbilim. 3. Baskı, Dora Yayınları, Bursa.
  • Chaudhary, R., Rangnekar, S., & Barua, M. K. (2014). Organizational climate, climate strength and work engagement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 133, 291-303.
  • Dağdeviren M. vd. (2005), Çalışanların Toplam İş Yükü Seviyelerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelk Bir Model Ve Uygulaması, J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol 20, No 4, 517-525, 2005.
  • Hignett, S., & McAtamney, L., 2000. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Applied Ergonomics, 31(2), 201-205.
  • Jung H.S ve Jung H.S (2001), Establishment of overall workload assessment technique for various tasks and workplaces, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 28 (2001) 341–353.
  • Kara Y.vd., Montaj Hatlarında Çalışma Duruşlarının Reba Yöntemi İle Analizi Ve Ergonomik Risk Değerlendirmesi Notları.
  • Kara Y. vd. (2014), An integrated model to incorporate ergonomics and resource restrictions into assembly line balancing, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 27:11, 997-1007, DOI:10.1080/0951192X.2013.874575.
  • Moussavi, S. E., Mahdjoub, M. and Grunder, O. (2016). Reducing production cycle time by ergonomic workforce scheduling. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(12), 419-424.
  • Otto, A., and Scholl, A. (2013). Reducing ergonomic risks by job rotation scheduling. OR Spectrum, 35(3), 711-733.
  • Seçkiner, S. U. and Kurt, M. (2008). Ant colony optimization for the job rotation scheduling problem. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 201(1), 149-160.
  • Song, J., Lee, C., Lee, W., Bahn, S., Jung, C. and Yun, M. H. (2016). Development of a job rotation scheduling algorithm for minimizing accumulated work load per body parts. Work, 53(3), 511-521.
  • Stanton, N., Hedge, A., Brookhuis, K., Salas, E. ve Hendrick, H., 1st. Edition, Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods, Florida: CRC Press, 2005.
  • Wongwien T. ve Nanthavanij S. (2012), Ergonomic Workforce Scheduling for Noisy Workstations with Single or Multiple Workers per Workstation, International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management Vol.20 No.3 (September-December, 2012) pp 34-39.
  • Xie B. ve Salvendy G. (2000), Review and reappraisal of modeling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments, Work & Stress, 2000, vol. 14, no. 1, 74–99.
  • Tharmmaphornphilas, W., Green, B., Carnahan, B. J. and Norman, B. A. (2003). Applying mathematical modeling to create job rotation schedules for minimizing occupational noise exposure. AIHA Journal, 64(3), 401-405.
  • Yoon, S. Y., Ko, J. and Jung, M. C. (2016). A model for developing job rotation schedules that eliminate sequential high workloads and minimize between-worker variability in cumulative daily workloads: Application to automotive assembly lines. Applied ergonomics, 55, 8-15.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Industrial Engineering
Journal Section ÖS: ERGONOMI2017
Authors

Yelda Ayrım This is me 0000-0002-5546-1563

Gülin Feryal Can 0000-0002-7275-2012

Publication Date December 24, 2018
Submission Date November 29, 2017
Acceptance Date September 21, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 6

Cite

APA Ayrım, Y., & Can, G. F. (2018). İŞ YÜKÜ MİNİMİZASYONUNU HEDEFLEYEN BİR İŞÇİ ATAMA MODELİ ÖNERİSİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 6, 148-158.