INVESTIGATION AND DESIGN OF AN ACTIVE CELL BALANCING SYSTEM FOR LI-ION BATTERIES

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 869 - 877, 19.12.2019

Enver Derun Karabeyoğlu , Eda Güzel , Halis Kılıç , Baykal Sarıoğlu , Yiğit Dağhan Gökdel Mustafa Fazıl Serincan

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.553295

Cited By: 1

Abstract

A type of active battery cell balancing system
based on buck-boost converters is proposed in this study. By using equivalent
circuit model of the battery cells, proposed active balancing circuit is examined
in detail. An algorithm is developed to actively control the balancing
operation. The algorithm is also utilized to prevent any failures in the
balancing operation. The proposed system is simulated under low and heavy load.
The simulation results indicates that 25 mV imbalance between potentials of two
battery cells can be balanced out in approximately 147 seconds under low load
and in 127 seconds under high load.

Keywords

Lithium-ion Battery, Cell Balancing, Battery Management System, Active Cell Balancing, Buck Boost Converter

Lİ-İYON BATARYALAR İÇİN AKTİF HÜCRE DENGELEME SİSTEMİ İNCELEMESİ VE TASARIMI

Abstract

Bu çalışmada
lityum iyon bataryalar için gerilim azaltan-arttıran dönüştürücü tabanlı bir
aktif hücre dengeleme sistemi önerilmektedir. Aktif hücre dengeleme devresi
batarya hücreleri için eş değer devre modeli kullanılarak detaylı olarak
incelenmiştir. Dengeleme işlemini aktif olarak kontrol eden bir algoritma
geliştirilmiştir. Algoritma dengeleme sürecinde oluşacak hataları önleyecek
şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Önerilen sistemin düşük ve yüksek yük altında çalışma
durumları için benzetimi yapılmıştır. Benzetim sonuçlarına göre farklı şarj
durumlarındaki iki hücre arasındaki 25 mV’luk fark düşük yük altında yaklaşık
olarak 147 saniyede, yüksek yük altında 127 saniyede dengelenmektedir.

Keywords

Li-iyon Batarya, Hücre Dengeleme, Batarya Yönetim Sistemi, Aktif Dengeleme, Azaltan Arttıran Dönüştürücü

References

• A. Baughman and M. Ferdowsi. "Double-Tiered Capacitive Shuttling Method for Balancing Series-Connected Batteries". 2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.
• Carmelo Speltino, Anna Stefanopoulou and Giovanni Fiengo. “Cell Equalization in Battery Stacks Through State Of Charge Estimation Polling”. American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 5050-5055, 2010.
• C. Bonfiglio and W. Roessler. "A cost optimized battery management system with active cell balancing for lithium ion battery stacks". 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2009.
• C. Moo, Y. Hsieh and I. Tsai. "Charge equalization for series-connected batteries". IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 704-710, 2003.
• Dazhong Mu *, Jiuchun Jiang and Caiping Zhang. “Online Semiparametric Identification of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using the Wavelet-Based Partially Linear Battery Model” Energies 2013, 6, 2583-2604 published 21 May 2013.
• D. S. Repila and J. E. W. Poxon. “Hybrid electric vehicles: current concepts and future market trends”. J. Barcelona IEEE Student Branch, vol. 13, pp. 5-30, Mar. 2006.
• H. Park, C. Kim, G. Moon, J. Lee and J. Oh. "Two-Stage Cell Balancing Scheme for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Strings". 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2007.
• Jian Cao, Nigel Schofield and Ali Emadi. “Battery balancing methods: A comprehensive review”. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 08. pp. 1-6, 2008.
• Juan Zhao, Jiuchun Jiang and Liyong Niu. "A novel charge equalization technique for electric vehicle battery system". The Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003.
• K. Zhi-Guo, Z. Chun-Bo, L. Ren-Gui and C. Shu-Kang. “Comparison and Evaluation of Charge Equalization Technique for Series Connected Batteries”. 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 1-6, 2006.
• L. Maharjan, S. Inoue, H. Akagi, and J. Asakura. “State-of-Charge (SoC)-Balancing Control of a Battery Energy Storage System Based on a Cascade PWM Converter”. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, pp. 1628-1636, 2009.
• Markus Einhorn, Werner Roessler and Juergen Fleig. “Improved Performance of Serially Connected Li-ion Batteries With Active Cell Balancing in Electric Vehicles”. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technologies, Vol. xx, No. 99, pp. 1-10, May 2011.
• McDowall, A. Brenier, M. Broussely and P. Lavaur. "Industrial lithium ion batteries: from the laboratory to real telecom application". 24th Annual International Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2002.
• M. Daowd, N. Omar, P. Van Den Bossche and J. Van Mierlo. "Passive and active battery balancing comparison based on MATLAB simulation". 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2011.
• M. Kim, C. Kim, J. Kim and G. Moon. "A Chain Structure of Switched Capacitor for Improved Cell Balancing Speed of Lithium-Ion Batteries". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 3989-3999, 2014.
• Moran, J. “PowerPumpTM Balancing”. Application Report, 2009.
• P. Sang-Hyun, K. Tae-Sung, P. Jin-Sik, M. Gun-Woo, and Y. Myung- Joong. “A New Battery Equalizer Based on Buck-boost Topology”. IEEE 7th International Conf. on Power Electronics, pp. 962-965, 2007.
• S. Li, C. Mi and M. Zhang. "A High-Efficiency Active Battery-Balancing Circuit Using Multiwinding Transformer". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 198-207, 2013.
• T. Stuart and Z. Ye, "Battery equalization circuit with ramp converter", US5666041A, 1996.
• W. F. Bentley. “Cell balancing considerations for lithium-ion battery systems”. 12th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, pp. 223-226, 1997.
• W. Lee, D. Drury and P. Mellor. "Comparison of passive cell balancing and active cell balancing for automotive batteries". 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2011.
• XueZhe Wei, Xiaopeng Zhao and Dai Haifeng. "The application of flyback DC/DC converter in Li-ion batteries active balancing". 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2009.
• Y. Lee and M. Cheng. Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Strings". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1297-1307, 2005.