Review
BibTex RIS Cite

A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF HEAVY METAL AVAILABLE IN CEMENT AND FLY ASH ON HYDRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 305 - 313, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.512389

Abstract

Cement is the most commonly used calcium-based binding agent in concrete production. Moreover, industrial wastes such as fly ash, blast-furnace slag, silica fume, etc. are gradually replacing the use of cement for concrete. Today, the use of industrial waste such as fly ash in the concrete and cement industry reduces the environmental problems. However, cement and fly ash includes heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Sn, Cr, As, Mo, V, Co and Cd which can be a threat to human health. Heavy metal exposure lead to DNA damage, chromosome disorders, skin lesions, and permanent damage in respiratory system and nervous system. On the other hand, aforementioned heavy metals are chemically bound to hydration products such as C-S-H, CH, ettringite, monosulfate, etc. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the industrial waste such as fly ash which is harmful to both humans and ecosystem. 

References

  • (JSCE), Japan Society of Civil Engineers. 2003. “Leaching of Minor Elements from Concrete.” In , 87–92.
  • Abimbola, Akinlolu F., Olusegun O. Kehinde-Phillips, ve Akinade S. Olatunji. 2007. “The Sagamu Cement Factory, SW Nigeria: Is the Dust Generated a Potential Health Hazard?” Environmental Geochemistry and Health 29(2): 163–67.
  • Achternbosch, M vd., 2003. “‘Heavy Metals in Cement ve Concrete Resulting from the Co-Incineration of Wastes in Cement Kilns with Regard to the Legitimacy of Waste Utilisation.’”
  • Al-Saleh, Iman vd., 2011. “Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium ve Mercury) in Maternal, Cord Blood and Placenta of Healthy Women.” International Journal of Hygiene ve Environmental Health.
  • Baba, A., G. Gürdal, ve F. Şengünalp. 2007. “Sıcaklık ve PH’ın Kömür Yakıtlı Termik Santrallerden Kaynaklanan Atıklardaki Ağır Metallerin Suya Geçişi Üzerindeki Etkisi.” In 60. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özeti, Ankara, 70.
  • Bermudez, Gonzalo M.A. vd., 2010. “Heavy Metal Pollution in Topsoils near a Cement Plant: The Role of Organic Matter and Distance to the Source to Predict Total ve HCl-Extracted Heavy Metal Concentrations.” Chemosphere.
  • Bhatty, J.I. 1995. Role of Minor Elements in Cement Manufacture and Use.
  • Bobak, Martin. 2000. “Outdoor Air Pollution, Low Birth Weight, ve Prematurity.” Environmental Health Perspectives.
  • Bodaghpour, S, N Biglari Joo, ve S Ahmadi. 2012. “A Review on the Existence of Chrome in Cement and Environmental Remedies to Control Its Effects.” International Journal of Geology.
  • Boikova, A.I., ve L.V. Fomicheva, O.I. Grishchenko. 1997. “Barium Containing Clinker Phases.”
  • Çağlaırmak, Necla, ve A. Zeki Hepçimen. 2010. “Ağır Metal Toprak Kirliliğinin Gıda Zinciri ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkisi.” Akademik Gıda 8(2): 31–35.
  • Cocke, D.L., ve M.Y.A. Mollah. 1993. “The Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Hazardous Substances in Cementitious Solidification/Stabilization Systems.” In Chemistry ve Microstructure of Solidified Waste Forms, USA, 187–242.
  • Cornelis, G., B. Etschmann, T. Van Gerven, ve C. Vandecasteele. 2012. “Mechanisms and Modelling of Antimonate Leaching in Hydrated Cement Paste Suspensions.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Dietz, Andreas vd., 2004. “Exposure to Cement Dust, Related Occupational Groups and Laryngeal Cancer Risk: Results of a Population Based Case-Control Study.” International Journal of Cancer 108(6): 907–11.
  • Dong, Zhao, Michael S. Bank, ve John D. Spengler. 2015. “Assessing Metal Exposures in a Community near a Cement Plant in the Northeast U.S.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
  • Dumitru, G., T. Vazquez, F. Puertas, ve T. Blanco-Varela. 1997. “Influence of BaCO3 on the Hydration of C3A.” In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Additives Admixtures Characterisation Technique, Göteborg, 3015–20.
  • Gineys, N., G. Aouad, F. Sorrentino, ve D. Damidot. 2011. “Incorporation of Trace Elements in Portland Cement Clinker: Thresholds Limits for Cu, Ni, Sn or Zn.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Gougar, M. L.D., B. E. Scheetz, ve D. M. Roy. 1996. “Ettringite and C-S-H Portland Cement Phases for Waste Ion Immobilization: A Review.” Waste Management.
  • Guertin, Jacques. 2005. “Toxicity ve Health Effects of Chromium (All Oxidation States).” Chromium (VI) Handbook: 215–34.
  • Hillier, S. R., C. M. Sangha, B. A. Plunkett, ve P. J. Walden. 1999. “Long-Term Leaching of Toxic Trace Metals from Portland Cement Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Hoenig, V. 2013. “Sources of Mercury, Behavior in Cement Process and Abatement Options.” European Cement Research Academy.
  • Holleman, A.F, ve Wıberg E. 2007. Lehrbuch Der Anorganischen Chemie. 102nd ed. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Horsley, Coleman, Marion H. Emmert, ve Aaron Sakulich. 2016. “Influence of Alternative Fuels on Trace Element Content of Ordinary Portland Cement.” Fuel.
  • Hua, Zhang vd., 2006. “Leaching Behavior of Pb ve Zn in Air Pollution Control Residues and Their Modeling Prediction.” Journal of Envıronmental Sciences-China.
  • Isikli, B. vd., 2003. “Effects of Chromium Exposure from a Cement Factory.” Environmental Research.
  • Jaishankar, Monisha vd., 2014. “Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals.” Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7(2): 60–72.
  • Järup, Lars. 2003. “Hazards of Heavy Metal Contamination.” British Medical Bulletin.
  • JIANG, Jian guo vd., 2007. “Investigation of Basic Properties of Fly Ash from Urban Waste Incinerators in China.” Journal of Environmental Sciences.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. ve A.B. Mukherjee. 2007. Trace Elements from Soil to Human. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Kawai, Kenji, Akihiko Hayashi, Hiromitsu Kikuchi ve Shinya Yokoyama. 2014. “Desorption Properties of Heavy Metals from Cement Hydrates in Various Chloride Solutions.” Construction and Building Materials 67: 55–60.
  • Kawaı, K., S. Tano, T. Ishıda ve K Sakanaka. 2006. “A Study on Mechanism of Heavy Metal Leaching from Concrete.” Cem Sci Concr Technol 60: 314–21.
  • Kilavuz, İlişkin. 2005. “Türkiye İlaç ve Tibbi̇ Ci̇haz Kurumu Kozmeti̇k Ürünlerde Ağir Metal Safsizliklari İli̇şki̇n Kilavuz.” (1): 1–5.
  • Kindness, A., E. E. Lachowski, A. K. Minocha ve F. P. Glasser. 1994. “Immobilisation and Fixation of Molybdenum (VI) by Portland Cement.” Waste Management.
  • Kress, N. 1993. “Chemical Aspects of Coal Fly Ash Disposal at Sea: Predicting and Monitoring Environmental Impact.” Wat. Sci. Tech. 27(7–8): 449–55.
  • Llorens, J. F., J. L. Fernández-Turiel, ve X. Querol. 2001. “The Fate of Trace Elements in a Large Coal-Fired Power Plant.” Environmental Geology.
  • Locher, F.W. 2000. Zement: Grundlagen Der Herstellung Und Verwendung. Düsseldorf: VBT Verlag Bau+Technik.
  • Ludwig, Horst Michael, ve Wensheng Zhang. 2015. “Research Review of Cement Clinker Chemistry.” Cement and Concrete Research 78: 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.05.018.
  • Mederer, J. vd., “Geologisches Jahrbuch: UAG ‘Hintergrundwerte’ Der Ad-Hoc-AG Geochemie.” In Geological Annual: Sub-WG “Background Values”, Ad-Hoc-WG Geochemistry. Status Report Dec. 1996, ed. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe. Stuttgart: Schweizert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  • Moulin, I. 1999. “Speciation Du Plomb, Du Cuivre, Du Zinc, Du Chrome (III) et (VI) Dans Les Hydrates de Ciment.” Universite de Droit.
  • Müllauer, Wolfram, Robin E. Beddoe, ve Detlef Heinz. 2015. “Leaching Behaviour of Major and Trace Elements from Concrete: Effect of Fly Ash ve GGBS.” Cement and Concrete Composites.
  • Ochs, Michael, Barbara Lothenbach ve Eric Giffaut. 2002. “Uptake of Oxo-Anions by Cements through Solid-Solution Formation: Experimental Evidence ve Modelling.” In Radiochimica Acta,.
  • Ogunbileje, J. O. vd., 2013. “Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Calcium, Iron, Manganese and Chromium (VI) Levels in Nigeria and United States of America Cement Dust.” Chemosphere.
  • Omotoso, O. E., D. G. Ivey ve R. Mikula. 1995. “Characterization of Chromium Doped Tricalcium Silicate Using SEM/EDS, XRD and FTIR.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.
  • Özbolat, Gülüzar ve Abdullah Tuli. 2016. “Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri.” Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 25(23783): 502–21.
  • Özyurt, Z. 2006. “Termik Santral Atıklarındaki İz Elementlerin Çevresel Etkileri.” Osmangazi Üniversitesi.
  • Page, A. L., Ahmed A. Elseewi ve I. R. Straughan. 1979. “Physical and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Power Plants with Reference to Environmental Impacts.” In Residue Reviews,.
  • Pourbaix, M. ve J.A. Franklin. 1974. Nace: Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. 2nd ed. Texas: National Association of Corrosion Engineers.
  • Praharaj, T., M. A. Powell, B. R. Hart, ve S. Tripathy. 2002. “Leachability of Elements from Sub-Bituminous Coal Fly Ash from India.” Environment International.
  • Qian, Guangren, Yali Cao, Pengcheong Chui, ve Joohwa Tay. 2006. “Utilization of MSWI Fly Ash for Stabilization/Solidification of Industrial Waste Sludge.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.
  • Querol, Xavier vd., 1996. “Mineral Composition of Atmospheric Particulates around a Large Coal-Fired Power Station.” Atmospheric Environment.
  • Rodella, N. vd., 2014. “Arsenic Stabilization in Coal Fly Ash through the Employment of Waste Materials.” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.
  • Saqib, Naeem ve Mattias Bäckström. 2016. “Chemical Association and Mobility of Trace Elements in 13 Different Fuel Incineration Bottom Ashes.” Fuel.
  • Satoh, N. vd., 1994. “Chromium-Induced Carcinoma in the Nasal Region. A Report of Four Cases.” Rhinology.
  • Shi, Hui Sheng ve Li Li Kan. 2009. “Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration (MSWI) Fly Ash Used in Concrete.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.
  • Smailyte, G., J. Kurtinaitis, ve A. Andersen. 2004. “Mortality and Cancer Incidence among Lithuanian Cement Producing Workers.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61(6): 529–34.
  • Stephan, D. 1999. “Chrom. Nickel Und Zink in Klinker Und Zement — Einbau. Eigenschaften Und Auslaugung (Chromium. Nickel and Zinc in Clinker and Cement-Binding. Properties and Leaching).” University of Siegen.
  • Stumm, Andreas vd., 2005. “Incorporation of Zinc into Calcium Silicate Hydrates, Part I: Formation of C-S-H(I) with C/S=2/3 and Its Isochemical Counterpart Gyrolite.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Takahashi, Hideo, Masato Shinkado, Hideshi Hirakida ve Shizushi Hasegawa. 1973. “16. Fundamental Study on Solidification of Hazardous Industrial Wastes Containing Heavy Metals with Portland Cement.” In The Cement Association of Japan. The 27th General Meeting, Technical Session, , 64–67.
  • Tatar, Ç.P. 2014. “Kurşun Maruziyetinin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (Akü, Maden ve Metal İşyerlerinde).” Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Tripathi, Ritambhara ve Kumar Girjesh. 2010. “Genetic Loss through Heavy Metal Induced Chromosomal Stickiness in Grass Pea.” Caryologia.
  • US. 2006. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry.
  • Utton, C. A., E. Gallucci, J. Hill ve N. B. Milestone. 2011. “Interaction between BaCO3and OPC/BFS Composite Cements at 20 °C and 60 °C.” Cement ve Concrete Research.
  • Vollpracht, Anya ve Wolfgang Brameshuber. 2016. “Binding and Leaching of Trace Elements in Portland Cement Pastes.” Cement and Concrete Research 79: 76–92.
  • Wang, Fa Zhou vd., 2016. “Incorporation ve Substitution Mechanism of Cadmium in Cement Clinker.” Journal of Cleaner Production.
  • Yahaya, T., J. Okpuzor ve E.O. Oladele. 2012. “Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Cement Dust Using Allium Cepa Test".” Res. J. Mutagenesis 1: 10–18.
  • Yang, Yufei, Jingchuan Xue ve Qifei Huang. 2014. “Studies on the Solidification Mechanisms of Ni and Cd in Cement Clinker during Cement Kiln Co-Processing of Hazardous Wastes.” Construction and Building Materials.
  • Zeleke, Zeyede K., Bente E. Moen ve Magne Bråtveit. 2010. “Cement Dust Exposure and Acute Lung Function: A Cross Shift Study.” BMC Pulmonary Medicine.
  • Zhang, Junli vd., 2009. “Comparison of the Fixation Effects of Heavy Metals by Cement Rotary Kiln Co-Processing and Cement Based Solidification/Stabilization.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.

ÇİMENTO VE UÇUCU KÜL BÜNYESİNDEKİ AĞIR METALLERİN ETKİLERİNİN HİDRATASYON VE ÇEVRE SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 305 - 313, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.512389

Abstract

Çimento, beton üretimi içine kullanılan kalsiyum esaslı bağlayıcıların başında gelmektedir. Ayrıca uçucu kül, yüksek fırın cürufu, silis dumanı gibi endüstriyel atıkların çimento yerine kullanımı da her geçen gün artmaktadır. Günümüzde uçucu kül gibi endüstriyel atıkların beton ve çimento sektöründe kullanılması ile çevresel problemler azaltılmaktadır. Ancak çimento ve uçucu kül bünyesinde Pb, Cu, Sn, Cr, As, Mo, V, Co ve Cd gibi insan sağlığı açısından zararlı olan ağır metaller bulunmaktadır. Ağır metaller, DNA parçalanması, kromozom bozuklukları, cilt lezyonları, solunum ve sinir siteminde kalıcı hasarlara yol açmaktadır. Fakat belirtilen ağır metaller C-S-H, CH, etrenjit, monosülfat gibi hidratasyon ürünleri tarafından bağlanmaktadır. Bu sayede insan ve ekosistem için zararlı olan uçucu kül gibi endüstriyel atıklar bertaraf edilmektedir. 

References

  • (JSCE), Japan Society of Civil Engineers. 2003. “Leaching of Minor Elements from Concrete.” In , 87–92.
  • Abimbola, Akinlolu F., Olusegun O. Kehinde-Phillips, ve Akinade S. Olatunji. 2007. “The Sagamu Cement Factory, SW Nigeria: Is the Dust Generated a Potential Health Hazard?” Environmental Geochemistry and Health 29(2): 163–67.
  • Achternbosch, M vd., 2003. “‘Heavy Metals in Cement ve Concrete Resulting from the Co-Incineration of Wastes in Cement Kilns with Regard to the Legitimacy of Waste Utilisation.’”
  • Al-Saleh, Iman vd., 2011. “Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium ve Mercury) in Maternal, Cord Blood and Placenta of Healthy Women.” International Journal of Hygiene ve Environmental Health.
  • Baba, A., G. Gürdal, ve F. Şengünalp. 2007. “Sıcaklık ve PH’ın Kömür Yakıtlı Termik Santrallerden Kaynaklanan Atıklardaki Ağır Metallerin Suya Geçişi Üzerindeki Etkisi.” In 60. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özeti, Ankara, 70.
  • Bermudez, Gonzalo M.A. vd., 2010. “Heavy Metal Pollution in Topsoils near a Cement Plant: The Role of Organic Matter and Distance to the Source to Predict Total ve HCl-Extracted Heavy Metal Concentrations.” Chemosphere.
  • Bhatty, J.I. 1995. Role of Minor Elements in Cement Manufacture and Use.
  • Bobak, Martin. 2000. “Outdoor Air Pollution, Low Birth Weight, ve Prematurity.” Environmental Health Perspectives.
  • Bodaghpour, S, N Biglari Joo, ve S Ahmadi. 2012. “A Review on the Existence of Chrome in Cement and Environmental Remedies to Control Its Effects.” International Journal of Geology.
  • Boikova, A.I., ve L.V. Fomicheva, O.I. Grishchenko. 1997. “Barium Containing Clinker Phases.”
  • Çağlaırmak, Necla, ve A. Zeki Hepçimen. 2010. “Ağır Metal Toprak Kirliliğinin Gıda Zinciri ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkisi.” Akademik Gıda 8(2): 31–35.
  • Cocke, D.L., ve M.Y.A. Mollah. 1993. “The Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Hazardous Substances in Cementitious Solidification/Stabilization Systems.” In Chemistry ve Microstructure of Solidified Waste Forms, USA, 187–242.
  • Cornelis, G., B. Etschmann, T. Van Gerven, ve C. Vandecasteele. 2012. “Mechanisms and Modelling of Antimonate Leaching in Hydrated Cement Paste Suspensions.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Dietz, Andreas vd., 2004. “Exposure to Cement Dust, Related Occupational Groups and Laryngeal Cancer Risk: Results of a Population Based Case-Control Study.” International Journal of Cancer 108(6): 907–11.
  • Dong, Zhao, Michael S. Bank, ve John D. Spengler. 2015. “Assessing Metal Exposures in a Community near a Cement Plant in the Northeast U.S.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
  • Dumitru, G., T. Vazquez, F. Puertas, ve T. Blanco-Varela. 1997. “Influence of BaCO3 on the Hydration of C3A.” In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Additives Admixtures Characterisation Technique, Göteborg, 3015–20.
  • Gineys, N., G. Aouad, F. Sorrentino, ve D. Damidot. 2011. “Incorporation of Trace Elements in Portland Cement Clinker: Thresholds Limits for Cu, Ni, Sn or Zn.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Gougar, M. L.D., B. E. Scheetz, ve D. M. Roy. 1996. “Ettringite and C-S-H Portland Cement Phases for Waste Ion Immobilization: A Review.” Waste Management.
  • Guertin, Jacques. 2005. “Toxicity ve Health Effects of Chromium (All Oxidation States).” Chromium (VI) Handbook: 215–34.
  • Hillier, S. R., C. M. Sangha, B. A. Plunkett, ve P. J. Walden. 1999. “Long-Term Leaching of Toxic Trace Metals from Portland Cement Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Hoenig, V. 2013. “Sources of Mercury, Behavior in Cement Process and Abatement Options.” European Cement Research Academy.
  • Holleman, A.F, ve Wıberg E. 2007. Lehrbuch Der Anorganischen Chemie. 102nd ed. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Horsley, Coleman, Marion H. Emmert, ve Aaron Sakulich. 2016. “Influence of Alternative Fuels on Trace Element Content of Ordinary Portland Cement.” Fuel.
  • Hua, Zhang vd., 2006. “Leaching Behavior of Pb ve Zn in Air Pollution Control Residues and Their Modeling Prediction.” Journal of Envıronmental Sciences-China.
  • Isikli, B. vd., 2003. “Effects of Chromium Exposure from a Cement Factory.” Environmental Research.
  • Jaishankar, Monisha vd., 2014. “Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals.” Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7(2): 60–72.
  • Järup, Lars. 2003. “Hazards of Heavy Metal Contamination.” British Medical Bulletin.
  • JIANG, Jian guo vd., 2007. “Investigation of Basic Properties of Fly Ash from Urban Waste Incinerators in China.” Journal of Environmental Sciences.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. ve A.B. Mukherjee. 2007. Trace Elements from Soil to Human. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Kawai, Kenji, Akihiko Hayashi, Hiromitsu Kikuchi ve Shinya Yokoyama. 2014. “Desorption Properties of Heavy Metals from Cement Hydrates in Various Chloride Solutions.” Construction and Building Materials 67: 55–60.
  • Kawaı, K., S. Tano, T. Ishıda ve K Sakanaka. 2006. “A Study on Mechanism of Heavy Metal Leaching from Concrete.” Cem Sci Concr Technol 60: 314–21.
  • Kilavuz, İlişkin. 2005. “Türkiye İlaç ve Tibbi̇ Ci̇haz Kurumu Kozmeti̇k Ürünlerde Ağir Metal Safsizliklari İli̇şki̇n Kilavuz.” (1): 1–5.
  • Kindness, A., E. E. Lachowski, A. K. Minocha ve F. P. Glasser. 1994. “Immobilisation and Fixation of Molybdenum (VI) by Portland Cement.” Waste Management.
  • Kress, N. 1993. “Chemical Aspects of Coal Fly Ash Disposal at Sea: Predicting and Monitoring Environmental Impact.” Wat. Sci. Tech. 27(7–8): 449–55.
  • Llorens, J. F., J. L. Fernández-Turiel, ve X. Querol. 2001. “The Fate of Trace Elements in a Large Coal-Fired Power Plant.” Environmental Geology.
  • Locher, F.W. 2000. Zement: Grundlagen Der Herstellung Und Verwendung. Düsseldorf: VBT Verlag Bau+Technik.
  • Ludwig, Horst Michael, ve Wensheng Zhang. 2015. “Research Review of Cement Clinker Chemistry.” Cement and Concrete Research 78: 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.05.018.
  • Mederer, J. vd., “Geologisches Jahrbuch: UAG ‘Hintergrundwerte’ Der Ad-Hoc-AG Geochemie.” In Geological Annual: Sub-WG “Background Values”, Ad-Hoc-WG Geochemistry. Status Report Dec. 1996, ed. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe. Stuttgart: Schweizert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  • Moulin, I. 1999. “Speciation Du Plomb, Du Cuivre, Du Zinc, Du Chrome (III) et (VI) Dans Les Hydrates de Ciment.” Universite de Droit.
  • Müllauer, Wolfram, Robin E. Beddoe, ve Detlef Heinz. 2015. “Leaching Behaviour of Major and Trace Elements from Concrete: Effect of Fly Ash ve GGBS.” Cement and Concrete Composites.
  • Ochs, Michael, Barbara Lothenbach ve Eric Giffaut. 2002. “Uptake of Oxo-Anions by Cements through Solid-Solution Formation: Experimental Evidence ve Modelling.” In Radiochimica Acta,.
  • Ogunbileje, J. O. vd., 2013. “Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Calcium, Iron, Manganese and Chromium (VI) Levels in Nigeria and United States of America Cement Dust.” Chemosphere.
  • Omotoso, O. E., D. G. Ivey ve R. Mikula. 1995. “Characterization of Chromium Doped Tricalcium Silicate Using SEM/EDS, XRD and FTIR.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.
  • Özbolat, Gülüzar ve Abdullah Tuli. 2016. “Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri.” Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 25(23783): 502–21.
  • Özyurt, Z. 2006. “Termik Santral Atıklarındaki İz Elementlerin Çevresel Etkileri.” Osmangazi Üniversitesi.
  • Page, A. L., Ahmed A. Elseewi ve I. R. Straughan. 1979. “Physical and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Power Plants with Reference to Environmental Impacts.” In Residue Reviews,.
  • Pourbaix, M. ve J.A. Franklin. 1974. Nace: Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. 2nd ed. Texas: National Association of Corrosion Engineers.
  • Praharaj, T., M. A. Powell, B. R. Hart, ve S. Tripathy. 2002. “Leachability of Elements from Sub-Bituminous Coal Fly Ash from India.” Environment International.
  • Qian, Guangren, Yali Cao, Pengcheong Chui, ve Joohwa Tay. 2006. “Utilization of MSWI Fly Ash for Stabilization/Solidification of Industrial Waste Sludge.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.
  • Querol, Xavier vd., 1996. “Mineral Composition of Atmospheric Particulates around a Large Coal-Fired Power Station.” Atmospheric Environment.
  • Rodella, N. vd., 2014. “Arsenic Stabilization in Coal Fly Ash through the Employment of Waste Materials.” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.
  • Saqib, Naeem ve Mattias Bäckström. 2016. “Chemical Association and Mobility of Trace Elements in 13 Different Fuel Incineration Bottom Ashes.” Fuel.
  • Satoh, N. vd., 1994. “Chromium-Induced Carcinoma in the Nasal Region. A Report of Four Cases.” Rhinology.
  • Shi, Hui Sheng ve Li Li Kan. 2009. “Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration (MSWI) Fly Ash Used in Concrete.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.
  • Smailyte, G., J. Kurtinaitis, ve A. Andersen. 2004. “Mortality and Cancer Incidence among Lithuanian Cement Producing Workers.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61(6): 529–34.
  • Stephan, D. 1999. “Chrom. Nickel Und Zink in Klinker Und Zement — Einbau. Eigenschaften Und Auslaugung (Chromium. Nickel and Zinc in Clinker and Cement-Binding. Properties and Leaching).” University of Siegen.
  • Stumm, Andreas vd., 2005. “Incorporation of Zinc into Calcium Silicate Hydrates, Part I: Formation of C-S-H(I) with C/S=2/3 and Its Isochemical Counterpart Gyrolite.” Cement and Concrete Research.
  • Takahashi, Hideo, Masato Shinkado, Hideshi Hirakida ve Shizushi Hasegawa. 1973. “16. Fundamental Study on Solidification of Hazardous Industrial Wastes Containing Heavy Metals with Portland Cement.” In The Cement Association of Japan. The 27th General Meeting, Technical Session, , 64–67.
  • Tatar, Ç.P. 2014. “Kurşun Maruziyetinin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (Akü, Maden ve Metal İşyerlerinde).” Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Tripathi, Ritambhara ve Kumar Girjesh. 2010. “Genetic Loss through Heavy Metal Induced Chromosomal Stickiness in Grass Pea.” Caryologia.
  • US. 2006. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry.
  • Utton, C. A., E. Gallucci, J. Hill ve N. B. Milestone. 2011. “Interaction between BaCO3and OPC/BFS Composite Cements at 20 °C and 60 °C.” Cement ve Concrete Research.
  • Vollpracht, Anya ve Wolfgang Brameshuber. 2016. “Binding and Leaching of Trace Elements in Portland Cement Pastes.” Cement and Concrete Research 79: 76–92.
  • Wang, Fa Zhou vd., 2016. “Incorporation ve Substitution Mechanism of Cadmium in Cement Clinker.” Journal of Cleaner Production.
  • Yahaya, T., J. Okpuzor ve E.O. Oladele. 2012. “Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Cement Dust Using Allium Cepa Test".” Res. J. Mutagenesis 1: 10–18.
  • Yang, Yufei, Jingchuan Xue ve Qifei Huang. 2014. “Studies on the Solidification Mechanisms of Ni and Cd in Cement Clinker during Cement Kiln Co-Processing of Hazardous Wastes.” Construction and Building Materials.
  • Zeleke, Zeyede K., Bente E. Moen ve Magne Bråtveit. 2010. “Cement Dust Exposure and Acute Lung Function: A Cross Shift Study.” BMC Pulmonary Medicine.
  • Zhang, Junli vd., 2009. “Comparison of the Fixation Effects of Heavy Metals by Cement Rotary Kiln Co-Processing and Cement Based Solidification/Stabilization.” Journal of Hazardous Materials.
There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Gökhan Kaplan 0000-0001-6067-7337

Ali Uğur Öztürk This is me 0000-0003-1747-2576

Afife Büşra Uğur Kaplan This is me 0000-0003-2222-8789

Publication Date March 20, 2020
Submission Date January 13, 2019
Acceptance Date November 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaplan, G., Öztürk, A. U., & Uğur Kaplan, A. B. (2020). ÇİMENTO VE UÇUCU KÜL BÜNYESİNDEKİ AĞIR METALLERİN ETKİLERİNİN HİDRATASYON VE ÇEVRE SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(1), 305-313. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.512389