AKIMSIZ KAPLAMA YÖNTEMİYLE NİKEL ESASLI METALİK KAPLAMALARIN ÜRETİMİ

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1001 - 1008, 28.09.2023

Gülşen Topal , Banu Esencan Türkaslan

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1296964

Abstract

Endüstriyel ortamda ve zorlu çevre koşullarında çalışan metal malzemelerin yüzeyleri zamanla ortamdaki etkenlere bağlı olarak bozulmaktadır. Yüzeyi bozulan metal malzemeler hem korozyon direnci hem de mekanik özelliklerini kaybetmiş olur. Yüzey özelliklerinin geliştirilmesinde tercih edilen yöntemlerden biri metal kaplama uygulamasıdır. Metal kaplamalar, hem mekanik özellikleri iyileştirmek hem de korozyon nedeniyle malzeme kaybını önlemek amacıyla uygulanmaktadır. Metal kaplama yöntemlerinden olan akımsız kaplama, elektrik akımı olmadan bir indirgeme maddesiyle sulu çözeltiden metalik iyonun katalitik olarak indirgenip metalin yüzeyinde biriktirilmesine dayanan kimyasal indirgeme işlemidir. Akımsız kaplama yöntemiyle; altın, nikel, bakır, gümüş gibi birçok metal kaplanabilmektedir. Endüstride en yaygın tercih edilen kaplama türü sahip olduğu kimyasal, fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinden dolayı akımsız nikel kaplamadır. Ayrıca bu yöntem metal kaplama çalışmalarında çoklu alaşım ve kompozit kaplamaların üretilmesini popüler hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmayla, alüminyum malzeme yüzeyine akımsız nikel kaplama işlemi uygulanmış olup kaplama prosesi için belirlenen çalışma parametrelerinin kaplama kalınlığına, yapışma mukavemetine ve korozyon direncine etkisi incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Metal Kaplama, Akımsız Kaplama, Nikel Esaslı, Korozyon Direnci, Kompozit

PRODUCTION OF NICKEL BASED METALLIC COATINGS BY ELECTROLESS COATING METHOD

Abstract

The surfaces of metal materials working in industrial environments and harsh environmental conditions deteriorate over time depending on the factors in the environment. Metal materials whose surface deteriorates lose both their corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. One of the preferred methods for improving surface properties is metal coating application. Metal coatings are applied both to improve mechanical properties and to prevent material loss due to corrosion. Electroless plating, which is one of the metal plating methods, is a chemical reduction process based on the catalytic reduction of the metallic ion from the aqueous solution with a reducing agent without electric current and its deposition on the surface of the metal. Many metals such as gold, nickel, copper, silver can be coated with electroless plating method. Electroless nickel plating is the most commonly preferred type of plating in the industry due to its chemical, physical and mechanical properties. In addition, this method makes the production of multi-alloy and composite coatings popular in metal coating works. In this study, electroless nickel plating process was applied to the aluminum material surface and the effects of the working parameters determined for the coating process on the coating thickness, adhesion strength and corrosion resistance were investigated.

Keywords

Metal Coating, Electroless Coating, Nickel-based, Corrosion Resistance, Composite

References

• Akyol, A., Algül, H., Bilaç, O., Ulu, S., Gül, H., Uysal, M., ... & Alp, A. 6061 Serisi Alüminyum Altlık Üzerine Akımsız Kaplama Yöntemi ile KNT Takviyeli Alaşım Matrisli Ni-P-KNT Kompozit Kaplamaların Korozyon Davranışının İncelenmesi.
• Akyol, A., Algül, H., Bilaç, O., Seda, U. L. U., Harun, G. Ü. L., UYSAL, M., ... & Ahmet, A. L. P. (2019). Elektrolitik Sert Metal Kaplamaya Alternatif Çevreye Duyarlı Ni-P Kaplamaların 6061 Serisi Alüminyum Altlık Üzerine Akımsız Yöntemle Biriktirilmesinde Sodyum hipofosfit, Sıcaklık ve Zamanın Etkisi. Academic Platform-Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(3), 442-448.
• A. Brenner, G.E. Riddell, Nickel plating on steel by chemical reduction, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 37, 31 – 34, 1934.
• Brenner A., Electrodeposition of Alloys: Principles and Practice, 2.Baskı, New York: Academic, Newyork, 589-590, 1963.
• Burleigh, T. D. (2003). Corrosion of aluminum and its alloys. In Handbook of aluminum (pp. 421-463). CRC Press.
• B117, “Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus”, https://www.astm.org/b0117-19.html, December 31, 2010.
• B733, “Standard Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal”, https://www.astm.org/b0733-22.html, May 05, 2022.
• D522, “Standard Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings”, https://www.astm.org/standards/d522, December 31, 2010.
• Hashmi, M. S. J. (2014). Comprehensive materials processing. Newnes.
• Islam, M., Azhar, M. R., Fredj, N. ve Burleigh, T. D., (2013). "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Indentation Studies of Pure and Composite Electroless Ni-P Coatings", Surface and Coatings Technology, 236:262-268.
• Jena, G., & Philip, J. (2022). A review on recent advances in graphene oxide-based composite coatings for anticorrosion applications. Progress in Organic Coatings, 173, 107208.
• Khodaei, M., & Gholizadeh, A. M. (2021). SiC nanoparticles incorporation in electroless NiP-Graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings. Ceramics International, 47(18), 25287-25295.
• Krishnan K.H., John S., Srinivasan K.N., Praveen J., Ganesan M., Kavimani P.M., An overall aspect of electroless Ni-P depositions—A review article. Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 37, 1917 – 1926, 2006.
• Matik, U. (2020). Effect of crystallization on wear and corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P/Ni-B duplex coating on ferrous PM compacts. Kovove Mater, 58, 247-254.
• Matsubara, H., Yonekawa, T., Ishino, Y., Nishiyama, H., Saito, N., & Inoue, Y. (2002). Observation of initial deposition process of electroless nickel plating by quartz crystal microbalance method and microscopy. Electrochimica acta, 47(25), 4011-4018.
• M. Yan, H. G. Ying, and T. Y. Ma, “Improved microhardness and wear resistance of the as-deposited electroless Ni-P coating,” Surf. Coatings Technol., vol. 202, no. 24, pp. 5909–5913, 2008.
• Omidvar H., Sajjadnejad M., Stremsdoerfer G., Meas Y., Mozafari A., Characterization of NiBP-graphite composite coatings deposited by dynamic chemical plating. Anti-Corrosion Methods Mater., 62, 116 – 122, 2015.
• Paz Martínez-Viademonte, M., Abrahami, S. T., Hack, T., Burchardt, M., & Terryn, H. (2020). A review on anodizing of aerospace aluminum alloys for corrosion protection. Coatings, 10(11), 1106.
• Sharma, S. B., Agarwala, R. C., Agarwala, V., & Satyanarayana, K. G. (2002). Characterization of carbon fabric coated with Ni-P and Ni-P-ZrO 2-Al 2 O 3 by electroless technique. Journal of materials science, 37, 5247-5254.
• Takács, D., Sziráki, L., Török, T. I., Sólyom, J., Gácsi, Z., & Gál-Solymos, K. (2007). Effects of pre-treatments on the corrosion properties of electroless Ni–P layers deposited on AlMg2 alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 201(8), 4526-4535.
• Tracon, A. A. (2007). Coatings Technology-Fundamentals, Testing, and Processing techniques. Coatings Technology-Fundamentals, Testing, and Processing techniques, 238-284.
• Ulu, S. (2019). Alüminyum alaşımlarının akımsız kaplama yöntemiyle nikel bor kaplanması (Master's thesis, Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi).
• Vaghefi, S. M., Saatchi, A., & Ebrahimian-Hoseinabadi, M. (2003). Deposition and properties of electroless Ni–P–B4C composite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 168(2-3), 259-262.
• Yin, Z., & Chen, F. (2013). Effect of nickel immersion pretreatment on the corrosion performance of electroless deposited Ni–P alloys on aluminum. Surface and Coatings Technology, 228, 34-40.
• Q. Wang et al., “Evolution of structural, mechanical and tribological properties of Ni- P/MWCNT coatings as a function of annealing temperature,” Surf. Coatings Technol., vol. 302, pp. 195–201, 2016.