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DYNAMIC SOIL BEHAVIOR AND LIQUEFACTION ANALYSES AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE IN BORNOVA (IZMIR)

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1066 - 1085, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1311184

Abstract

In this study, 1-D dynamic site response and liquefaction analyses have been performed for a site in Bornova district of Izmir. For this purpose, the soil properties derived from boreholes and the results of geophysical measurements were collected in a database. A 3-D model of the site was created and geotechnical profiles of the site were inspected via different cross sections considering the locations of the boreholes. Then, dynamic site response analyses were performed by using DEEPSOIL program applying the 1-D equivalent linear analysis method in the frequency domain. In the analyses, acceleration-time records of 1977 Izmir, 1992 Doğanbey, 1995 Dinar and 1999 Kocaeli earthquakes were used. Besides, liquefaction analyses were performed with SPT-N values and the liquefaction potential was evaluated. As a result of the application of different earthquake excitations in the area, it was concluded that the peak ground acceleration values may occur at values of 0.4g and above, and the risk of liquefaction is not valid for the total area, but some locations in the area may be susceptible to liquefaction.

References

  • Athanasopoulos, G.A., 1995. Empirical correlations Vso-NSPT for soils of Greece: a comparative study of reliability, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Computation Mechanics Publications, Southampton, Boston, 19-25.
  • Bozkurt, B.H., 2010. İzmir Körfezi Güney Kıyı Zeminleri için Bir Geoteknik Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, 119 s.
  • Ceren, K., Karakan, E. 2020. Zemin Analizleriyle Dinamik Davranış Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Pilot Bir Çalışma: Kahramanmaraş İli Üngüt Mahallesi Örneği, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 6 (1), 1-11.
  • Çetin, K.Ö., Altun, S., Askan, A., Akgün, M., Sezer, A., Kıncal, C., vd., 2022a. The site effects in Izmir Bay of October 30, 2020 M7.0 Earthquake. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 152, Art. No. 107051, Doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.107051
  • Çetin, K.Ö., Mylonakis, G., Sextos, A., Stewart, J.P., 2022b. Reconnaissance of 2020 M7.0 Samos Island (Aegean Sea) Earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 20 (14), 7707-7712. Doi: 10.1007/s10518-021-01212-y
  • Hashash, Y.M.A., Musgrove, M.I., Harmon, J.A., Groholski, D.R., Phillips, C.A., Park, D., 2016. "DEEPSOIL 7, User Manual". Urbana, IL, Board of Trustees of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
  • Edinçliler, A., Çalıkoğlu, M., 2018. Nonlinear site response analysis for the Izmir region: A case study, Eurasian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2 (2), 51-58.
  • Ege Temel Sondajcılık Ltd. Şti., 2015. İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde bir parsele ait Zemin Etüdü Raporu, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Eskişar, T., 2008. İzmir Körfezi Kuzey Kıyılarının Zemin Özelliklerinin ve Geoteknik Sorunlarının İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Eskişar, T., Kuruoglu, M., Altun, S., Özyalın, Ş., Yılmaz, H.R., 2014a. Site response of deep alluvial soils in the northern coast of Izmir Bay (Turkey) and a microzonation study based on geotechnical aspects. Engineering Geology, 172, 95-116.
  • Eskisar, T. Karakan, E., Altun, S., 2014b. Evaluation of cyclic stress strain and liquefaction behavior of Izmir sand, Arabian Journal Science Engineering, 39 (11), 7513-7524.
  • Hasançebi, N., Ulusay, R., 2007. Empirical correlations between shear wave velocity and penetration resistance for ground shaking assessments. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 66 (2), 203-213.
  • Iyisan, R., 1996. Correlations between shear wave velocity and in situ penetration test results. Teknik Dergi, İnşaat Mühendisleri Odası, 7, 371-374.
  • Iwasaki, T., Arakawa, T., Tokida, K.I., 1984. Simplified procedures for assessing soil liquefaction during earthquakes. International Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 3 (1), 49-58.
  • Kale, P., 2008. Yerel Arazi Etkilerinin Bir ve İki Boyutlu Analizlerle İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 161 s.
  • Kiku, H., Yoshida, N., Yasuda, S., Irisawa, T., Nakazawa, H., Shimizu, Y., Ansal, A., Erkan, A., 2001. In situ penetration tests and soil profiling in Adapazari, Turkey. Proceedings of the ICSMGE/TC4 satellite conference on lessons learned from recent strong earthquakes, 259-265.
  • Kirar, B. Maheshwari, B.K., Muley, P., 2016. Correlation between shear wave velocity (Vs) and SPT resistance (N) for Roorkee region. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 2 (1), 9 p.
  • Kramer, S.L., 1996. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Pearson Education India.
  • Kuruoğlu, M., 2004. Geographical Information System (GIS) Based Database Development and Evaluation Study for Soils of Northern Coast of Izmir Bay. Doktora Tezi (İngilizce), Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, 151 s.
  • Kuruoglu, M., 2019. The effect of local site characteristics on dynamic site response analyses of a major urban area: Warnings of moderate scale earthquakes. Journal of Modern Technology and Engineering, 4 (3), 195-210.
  • Kuruoglu, M., Eskişar, T., 2015. Effect of local soil conditions on dynamic ground response in the southern coast of Izmir Bay, Turkey. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 56 (8), 1201-1212.
  • Mert, M., 2018. Zeminlerin Sıvılaşma Potansiyelinin Doğrusal ve Doğrusal Olmayan Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, 140 s.
  • Nar, D., 2016. Kocaeli Gölcük İlçesi çöküntü bölgesi yerel zemin özelliklerinin sismolojik ve bir boyutlu zemin davranış analizleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, 176 s.
  • Ohba, S., Toriumi, I., 1970. Dynamic response characteristics of Osaka Plain, In: Proceedings of the annual meeting, AIJ (in Japanese).
  • Ohta, Y., Goto, N., 1976. Estimation of s-wave velocity in terms of characteristic indices of soil, Butsuri-Tanko, 29 (4), 34-41.
  • Ohta, Y., Goto, N., 1978. Empirical shear wave velocity equations in terms of characteristics soil indexes. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 6 (2), 167–187.
  • Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Ground Motion Database, https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/.
  • RADIUS, 1999. Earthquake Scenario and Master Plan for the City of Izmir, Final Report, Ed. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Erdik, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://www.izmir.bel.tr/izmirdeprem/#4sekiller
  • RockWorks, 2020. Golden CO USA: RockWare, Inc.
  • Seed, H.B., Idriss, I.M., 1971. Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Div., 97 (9), 1249-1273.
  • Surfer, 2020. Contouring, Gridding, & 3D Surface Mapping, Surfer® from Golden Software, LLC (www.goldensoftware.com)
  • Thaker, T.P., Rao, K.S., 2011. Development of statistical correlations between shear wave velocity and penetration resistance using MASW technique. Pan-Am CGS. Geotechnical Conference.
  • TBDY, 2018. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritaları İnteraktif Web Uygulaması, 2018. https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/
  • Uma Maheswari, R., Boominathan, A., Dodagoudar, G.R., 2010. Use of surface waves in statistical correlations of shear wave velocity and penetration resistance of Chennai soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28 (2), 119-137.
  • Vucetic, M., Dobry, R., 1991. Effect of Soil Plasticity on Cyclic Response. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering, 117 (1), 89-107.
  • Yakut, A., Sucuoğlu, H., Binici, B., Canbay, E., Donmez, C., vd., 2022. Performance of structures in Izmir after the Samos Island Earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 20 (14), 7793-7818. Doi: 10.1007/s10518-021-01226-6
  • Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M., Andrus, R.D., Arango, I., Castro, G., Christian, J.T., Dobry, R., Finn, W.D.L., Harder, L.F., Hynes, M.E., Ishihara, K., Koester, J.P., Liao, S.S.C., Marcuson, W.F., Martin, G.R., Mitchell, J.K., Moriwaki, Y., Power, M.S., Robertson, P.K., Seed, R.B., Stokoe, K.H., 2001. Liquefaction resistance of soils: Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127 (4), 297-313.

BORNOVA (İZMİR)’DE BİR İNŞAAT ALANINDA DİNAMİK ZEMİN DAVRANIŞI VE SIVILAŞMA ANALİZLERİ

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1066 - 1085, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1311184

Abstract

Bu çalışma kapsamında, İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde bulunan bir inşaat alanında dinamik zemin davranışı analizleri ve sıvılaşma analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, öncelikle sahada uygulanan sondajlar ve jeofizik yöntemlerin verileri bir veri bankasında toplanmıştır. Sahanın 3 boyutlu modeli çıkartılmış ve sondajların konumlarına göre sahanın farklı açılardan geoteknik profilleri elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında dinamik zemin davranışı analizleri, frekans tanım alanında bir boyutlu eşdeğer doğrusal analiz yöntemiyle DEEPSOIL programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Analizlerde 1977 İzmir, 1992 Doğanbey, 1995 Dinar ve 1999 Kocaeli depremlerine ait ivme-zaman kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, SPT-N değerleriyle sıvılaşma analizleri yapılarak alanın sıvılaşma riski belirlenmiştir. Alan içinde farklı deprem etkileri sonucu 0.4g ve üzeri değerlerde en büyük yatay yüzey ivmelerinin oluşabileceği, sıvılaşma riskinin alan genelinde mevcut olmadığı, ancak lokal olarak sıvılaşma gözlenebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Athanasopoulos, G.A., 1995. Empirical correlations Vso-NSPT for soils of Greece: a comparative study of reliability, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Computation Mechanics Publications, Southampton, Boston, 19-25.
  • Bozkurt, B.H., 2010. İzmir Körfezi Güney Kıyı Zeminleri için Bir Geoteknik Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, 119 s.
  • Ceren, K., Karakan, E. 2020. Zemin Analizleriyle Dinamik Davranış Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Pilot Bir Çalışma: Kahramanmaraş İli Üngüt Mahallesi Örneği, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 6 (1), 1-11.
  • Çetin, K.Ö., Altun, S., Askan, A., Akgün, M., Sezer, A., Kıncal, C., vd., 2022a. The site effects in Izmir Bay of October 30, 2020 M7.0 Earthquake. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 152, Art. No. 107051, Doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.107051
  • Çetin, K.Ö., Mylonakis, G., Sextos, A., Stewart, J.P., 2022b. Reconnaissance of 2020 M7.0 Samos Island (Aegean Sea) Earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 20 (14), 7707-7712. Doi: 10.1007/s10518-021-01212-y
  • Hashash, Y.M.A., Musgrove, M.I., Harmon, J.A., Groholski, D.R., Phillips, C.A., Park, D., 2016. "DEEPSOIL 7, User Manual". Urbana, IL, Board of Trustees of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
  • Edinçliler, A., Çalıkoğlu, M., 2018. Nonlinear site response analysis for the Izmir region: A case study, Eurasian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2 (2), 51-58.
  • Ege Temel Sondajcılık Ltd. Şti., 2015. İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde bir parsele ait Zemin Etüdü Raporu, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Eskişar, T., 2008. İzmir Körfezi Kuzey Kıyılarının Zemin Özelliklerinin ve Geoteknik Sorunlarının İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Eskişar, T., Kuruoglu, M., Altun, S., Özyalın, Ş., Yılmaz, H.R., 2014a. Site response of deep alluvial soils in the northern coast of Izmir Bay (Turkey) and a microzonation study based on geotechnical aspects. Engineering Geology, 172, 95-116.
  • Eskisar, T. Karakan, E., Altun, S., 2014b. Evaluation of cyclic stress strain and liquefaction behavior of Izmir sand, Arabian Journal Science Engineering, 39 (11), 7513-7524.
  • Hasançebi, N., Ulusay, R., 2007. Empirical correlations between shear wave velocity and penetration resistance for ground shaking assessments. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 66 (2), 203-213.
  • Iyisan, R., 1996. Correlations between shear wave velocity and in situ penetration test results. Teknik Dergi, İnşaat Mühendisleri Odası, 7, 371-374.
  • Iwasaki, T., Arakawa, T., Tokida, K.I., 1984. Simplified procedures for assessing soil liquefaction during earthquakes. International Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 3 (1), 49-58.
  • Kale, P., 2008. Yerel Arazi Etkilerinin Bir ve İki Boyutlu Analizlerle İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 161 s.
  • Kiku, H., Yoshida, N., Yasuda, S., Irisawa, T., Nakazawa, H., Shimizu, Y., Ansal, A., Erkan, A., 2001. In situ penetration tests and soil profiling in Adapazari, Turkey. Proceedings of the ICSMGE/TC4 satellite conference on lessons learned from recent strong earthquakes, 259-265.
  • Kirar, B. Maheshwari, B.K., Muley, P., 2016. Correlation between shear wave velocity (Vs) and SPT resistance (N) for Roorkee region. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 2 (1), 9 p.
  • Kramer, S.L., 1996. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Pearson Education India.
  • Kuruoğlu, M., 2004. Geographical Information System (GIS) Based Database Development and Evaluation Study for Soils of Northern Coast of Izmir Bay. Doktora Tezi (İngilizce), Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, 151 s.
  • Kuruoglu, M., 2019. The effect of local site characteristics on dynamic site response analyses of a major urban area: Warnings of moderate scale earthquakes. Journal of Modern Technology and Engineering, 4 (3), 195-210.
  • Kuruoglu, M., Eskişar, T., 2015. Effect of local soil conditions on dynamic ground response in the southern coast of Izmir Bay, Turkey. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 56 (8), 1201-1212.
  • Mert, M., 2018. Zeminlerin Sıvılaşma Potansiyelinin Doğrusal ve Doğrusal Olmayan Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, 140 s.
  • Nar, D., 2016. Kocaeli Gölcük İlçesi çöküntü bölgesi yerel zemin özelliklerinin sismolojik ve bir boyutlu zemin davranış analizleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, 176 s.
  • Ohba, S., Toriumi, I., 1970. Dynamic response characteristics of Osaka Plain, In: Proceedings of the annual meeting, AIJ (in Japanese).
  • Ohta, Y., Goto, N., 1976. Estimation of s-wave velocity in terms of characteristic indices of soil, Butsuri-Tanko, 29 (4), 34-41.
  • Ohta, Y., Goto, N., 1978. Empirical shear wave velocity equations in terms of characteristics soil indexes. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 6 (2), 167–187.
  • Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Ground Motion Database, https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/.
  • RADIUS, 1999. Earthquake Scenario and Master Plan for the City of Izmir, Final Report, Ed. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Erdik, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://www.izmir.bel.tr/izmirdeprem/#4sekiller
  • RockWorks, 2020. Golden CO USA: RockWare, Inc.
  • Seed, H.B., Idriss, I.M., 1971. Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Div., 97 (9), 1249-1273.
  • Surfer, 2020. Contouring, Gridding, & 3D Surface Mapping, Surfer® from Golden Software, LLC (www.goldensoftware.com)
  • Thaker, T.P., Rao, K.S., 2011. Development of statistical correlations between shear wave velocity and penetration resistance using MASW technique. Pan-Am CGS. Geotechnical Conference.
  • TBDY, 2018. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritaları İnteraktif Web Uygulaması, 2018. https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/
  • Uma Maheswari, R., Boominathan, A., Dodagoudar, G.R., 2010. Use of surface waves in statistical correlations of shear wave velocity and penetration resistance of Chennai soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28 (2), 119-137.
  • Vucetic, M., Dobry, R., 1991. Effect of Soil Plasticity on Cyclic Response. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering, 117 (1), 89-107.
  • Yakut, A., Sucuoğlu, H., Binici, B., Canbay, E., Donmez, C., vd., 2022. Performance of structures in Izmir after the Samos Island Earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 20 (14), 7793-7818. Doi: 10.1007/s10518-021-01226-6
  • Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M., Andrus, R.D., Arango, I., Castro, G., Christian, J.T., Dobry, R., Finn, W.D.L., Harder, L.F., Hynes, M.E., Ishihara, K., Koester, J.P., Liao, S.S.C., Marcuson, W.F., Martin, G.R., Mitchell, J.K., Moriwaki, Y., Power, M.S., Robertson, P.K., Seed, R.B., Stokoe, K.H., 2001. Liquefaction resistance of soils: Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127 (4), 297-313.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yusuf Batuge 0000-0002-8060-6664

Mehmet Kuruoğlu 0000-0001-6680-5408

Tuğba Eskişar 0000-0002-0269-2149

Publication Date September 28, 2023
Submission Date June 7, 2023
Acceptance Date June 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Batuge, Y., Kuruoğlu, M., & Eskişar, T. (2023). BORNOVA (İZMİR)’DE BİR İNŞAAT ALANINDA DİNAMİK ZEMİN DAVRANIŞI VE SIVILAŞMA ANALİZLERİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 11(3), 1066-1085. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1311184