Distance education in nursing: Readiness and satisfaction levels of students

Abstract

Due to the increasing number of students in nursing education, the need to support traditional education and to provide blended or distance learning have incited the trend of utilizing e-learning in training nurses. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction, readiness, and expectation in relation to the e-learning process among 3rd year nursing students. Data of this descriptive study was collected electronically in July 2020.The study group consisted of 91 students who were studying in University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, and enrolled in the Child Health and Disease Nursing course. Study data were collected through the "Introductory Information Form" containing the introductory information of the students, the "Readiness and Expectation Scale for the e-Learning Process" and the “Satisfaction Scale for the e-Learning Process ". It was found that there was a significant relationship between students’ family income and the level of satisfaction regarding e-learning process. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the age of the students and the value of readiness and expectation regarding e-learning. Findings stated that paying more attention to interaction, particularly in practical courses, and using materials enriching the course content will positively influence students’ expectations and satisfaction, during online nursing courses.

Keywords

• Nursing education
• distance education
• online learning
• satisfaction
• readiness.

References

1. Abbasi, M. S., Ahmed, N., Sajjad, B., Alshahrani, A., Saeed, S., Sarfaraz, S., Alhamdan, R. S., Vohra, F., & Abduljabbar, T. (2020). E-Learning perception and satisfaction among health sciences students amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Work, 67(3), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203308
2. Abdelaziz, M., Kamel, S. S., Karam, O., & Abdelrahman, A. (2011). Evaluation of E-learning program versus traditional lecture instruction for undergraduate nursing students in a faculty of nursing. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 6(2), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2010.10.003
3. Abou Afach, S., Kiwan, E., & Semaan, C. (2018). How to enhance awareness on bullying for Special Needs Students using “Edpuzzle” a web 2.0 tool. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.372260
4. Al Lily, A. E., Ismail, A. F., Abunasser, F. M., & Alqahtani, R. H. A. (2020). Distance education as a response to pandemics: Coronavirus and Arab culture. Technology in Society, 101317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101317
5. Ali, W. G. M. (2016). Nursing students’ readiness for e-learning experience. Gynecol Obstet (Sunnyvale), 6(388), 932–2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0932.1000388
6. Andsoy, I. I., Güngör, T., Dikmen, Y., & Nabel, E. B. (2013). Hemşirelerin bakım planını kullanırken yaşadıkları güçlükler. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 3(2), 88-94.
7. Baber, H. (2020). Determinants of students’ perceived learning outcome and satisfaction in online learning during the pandemic of COVID-19. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 7(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2020.73.285.292
8. Bangert, A. W., & Easterby, L. (2008). Designing and delivering effective online nursing courses with the evolve electronic classroom. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 26(2), 99–105.

9. Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Borokhovski, E., Wade, C. A., Tamim, R. M., Surkes, M. A., & Bethel, E. C. (2009). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in distance education. Review of Educational Research, 79(3), 1243–1289. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654309333844
10. Berry, D. C., Banbury, S., & Henry, L. (1997). Transfer across form and modality in implicit and explicit memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 50(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755685
11. Bloomfield, J. G., & Jones, A. (2013). Using e-learning to support clinical skills acquisition: exploring the experiences and perceptions of graduate first-year pre-registration nursing students a mixed method study. Nurse Education Today, 33(12), 1605–1611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.01.024
12. Borotis, S., Zaharias, P., & Poulymenakou, A. (2008). Critical success factors for e-learning adoption. In Handbook of Research on Instructional Systems and Technology (pp. 498–513). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-865-9.ch035
13. Çevik, S., & Özden, G. (2020). Salgının psikolojik etkileri: Covıd-19 hemşireleri. Journal of International Social Research, 13(73), 1146-1151. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.11049
14. Çınar Özbay, S., & Özbay, Ö. (2022). TYYÇ Kapsamında Lisans Düzeyinde Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Ortamlarının Tasarlanması, Bölüm Adı: “Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Dersinin Türkiye Yükseköğretim Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi Kapsamında Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Ortamları İçin Tasarlanması” (syf: 913-937), Editör: Dr. Nazire Burçin Hamutoğlu, Dr. Barış Çukurbaşı, Prof. Dr. Mübin Kıyıcı, Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
15. Chaffin, A. J., & Maddux, C. D. (2004). Internet teaching methods for use in baccalaureate nursing education. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 22(3), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1097/00024665-200405000-00007
16. Coopasami, M. (2014). Assessing nursing students’ readiness for e-learning. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Unıversıty of Kwazulu-Natal Durban.
17. Djamaris, A., Priyanto, A. B., & Jie, F. (2012). Implementation of e-learning system readiness: Indonesia context. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology (ICMIT), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMIT.2012.6225824
18. Dorrian, J., & Wache, D. (2009). Introduction of an online approach to flexible learning for on-campus and distance education students: Lessons learned and ways forward. Nurse Education Today, 29(2), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2008.08.010
19. Gagné, R. M., & Gagné, R. M. (1985). Conditions of learning and theory of instruction. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
20. Gülbahar, Y. (2012). Study of developing scales for assessment of the levels of readiness and satisfaction of participants in e-learning environments. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 45(2), 119–138.
21. Guven Ozdemir, N., & Sonmez, M. (2020). The relationship between nursing students’ technology addiction levels and attitudes toward e‐learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 57(3), 1442-1448. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12710
22. Harrell, I. L. (2008). Increasing the success of online students. Inquiry, 13(1), 36–44.
23. Haverila, M. (2011). Prior E-learning experience and perceived learning outcomes in an undergraduate E-learning course. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(2), 206–218.
24. Kahyaoğlu Süt, H., & Küçükkaya, B. (2016). Hemşirelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Görüşleri. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi (HEAD), 13(3), 235–243.
25. Klein, H. J., Noe, R. A., & Wang, C. (2006). Motivation to learn and course outcomes: The impact of delivery mode, learning goal orientation, and perceived barriers and enablers. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 665–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00050.x
26. Koch, J., Salamonson, Y., Rolley, J. X., & Davidson, P. M. (2011). Learning preference as a predictor of academic performance in first year accelerated graduate entry nursing students: A prospective follow-up study. Nurse Education Today, 31(6), 611–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2010.10.019
27. Korhonen, A.-M., Ruhalahti, S., & Veermans, M. (2019). The online learning process and scaffolding in student teachers’ personal learning environments. Education and Information Technologies, 24(1), 755–779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9793-4
28. Lai, H. J., & Wang, C. Y. (2012). Examining public librarians’ information literacy, self-directed learning readiness, and e-learning attitudes: A study from Taiwan. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 17(2), 101-115.
29. Lawn, S., Zhi, X., & Morello, A. (2017). An integrative review of e-learning in the delivery of self-management support training for health professionals. BMC Medical Education, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-1022-0
30. McDonald, E. W., Boulton, J. L., & Davis, J. L. (2018). E-learning and nursing assessment skills and knowledge–An integrative review. Nurse Education Today, 66, 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.03.011
31. Moule, P., Ward, R., & Lockyer, L. (2010). Nursing and healthcare students’ experiences and use of e‐learning in higher education. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(12), 2785–2795. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05453.x
32. Ngampornchai, A., & Adams, J. (2016). Students’ acceptance and readiness for E-learning in Northeastern Thailand. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-016-0034-x
33. Olum, R., Atulinda, L., Kigozi, E., Nassozi, D. R., Mulekwa, A., Bongomin, F., & Kiguli, S. (2020). Medical education and E-learning during COVID-19 pandemic: awareness, attitudes, preferences, and barriers among undergraduate medicine and nursing students at Makerere University, Uganda. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 7, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120520973212
34. Ozdemir, N. G., Turan, N., & Kaya, H. (2017). Significance of technology-based environment in the development of nursing students’critical thinking skills. PressAcademia Procedia, 4(1), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.520
35. Özbay, Ö. (2015). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitimin güncel durumu. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, (5), 376-394.
36. Pena, M. I. C., & Yeung, A. S. (2010). Satisfaction with online learning: Does students’ computer competence matter? International Journal Of Technology, Knowledge & Society, 6(5), 98-108.
37. Ramos-Morcillo, A. J., Leal-Costa, C., Moral-García, J. E., & Ruzafa-Martínez, M. (2020). Experiences of nursing students during the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education during the first month of confinement due to COVID-19 in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155519
38. Regmi, K., & Jones, L. (2020). A systematic review of the factors–enablers and barriers–affecting e-learning in health sciences education. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02007-6
39. Ruiz, J. G., Mintzer, M. J., & Leipzig, R. M. (2006). The impact of e-learning in medical education. Academic Medicine, 81(3), 207–212.
40. Salyers, V. L. (2007). Teaching psychomotor skills to beginning nursing students using a web-enhanced approach: a quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1548-923X.1373
41. Şenyuva, E. (2013). Nursing Student’s View about Distance Education. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(2), 409-420 .
42. Sharadgah, T. A., & Sa’di, R. A. (2020). Preparedness of institutions of higher education for assessment in virtual learning environments during the Covid-19 lockdown: Evidence of bona fide challenges and pragmatic solutions. Journal of Information Technology Education. Research, 19, 755. https://doi.org/10.28945/4615
43. Sheikhaboumasoudi, R., Bagheri, M., Hosseini, S. A., Ashouri, E., & Elahi, N. (2018). Improving nursing Students’ learning outcomes in fundamentals of nursing course through combination of traditional and e-learning methods. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 23(3), 217-211. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_79_17
44. Sit, J. W. H., Chung, J. W. Y., Chow, M. C. M., & Wong, T. K. S. (2005). Experiences of online learning: students’ perspective. Nurse Education Today, 25(2), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2004.11.004
45. So, T., & Swatman, P. M. C. (2006). e-Learning readiness of Hong Kong teachers. University of South Australia.
46. Taşlıbeyaz, E., Dursun, O. B., & Karaman, S. (2015). Tıp Eğitiminde Kullanılan Etkileşimli Videolar ile İlgili Öğrenci Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 24(6), 222-229.
47. Tasocak, G., Hülya, K., Senyuva, E., Burçin, I., & Bodur, G. (2014). Relationship between nursing students’ views about web-based patient education course and anxiety in Turkey. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 15(3), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.07190
48. Vaona, A., Banzi, R., Kwag, K. H., Rigon, G., Cereda, D., Pecoraro, V., Tramacere, I., & Moja, L. (2018). E‐learning for health professionals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD011736 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011736.pub2
49. Watkins, R., Leigh, D., & Triner, D. (2004). Assessing readiness for e‐learning. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 17(4), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.2004.tb00321.x
50. Wattakiecharoen, J., & Nilsook, P. (2013). e-Learning Readiness of PhD. Students. International Conference on Excellent Innovation for Educational Research and IT Learning in the 21st Century. Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Thailand.
51. Welsh, E. T., Wanberg, C. R., Brown, K. G., & Simmering, M. J. (2003). E‐learning: emerging uses, empirical results and future directions. International Journal of Training and Development, 7(4), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-3736.2003.00184.x
52. Yu, S., & Yang, K.-F. (2006). Attitudes toward web-based distance learning among public health nurses in Taiwan: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(6), 767–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.09.005
53. Zhan, Z., & Mei, H. (2013). Academic self-concept and social presence in face-to-face and online learning: Perceptions and effects on students’ learning achievement and satisfaction across environments. Computers & Education, 69, 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.07.002
54. Zhang, D., & Nunamaker, J. F. (2003). Powering e-learning in the new millennium: an overview of e-learning and enabling technology. Information Systems Frontiers, 5(2), 207–218.
55. Zhang, D., Zhao, J. L., Zhou, L., & Nunamaker Jr, J. F. (2004). Can e-learning replace classroom learning? Communications of the ACM, 47(5), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203308