Geleneksel Besin Saklama Yöntemleri ve Yeni Teknolojiler

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 79 - 92, 22.06.2023

Gülsüm Sayiner , Yasemin Beyhan

Abstract

Besinlerin bozulmadan uzun süre muhafaza edilmek üzere yapılan besin saklama uygulamaları tarih öncesi çağlara kadar uzanmaktadır. İyi muhafaza edilen besinlerin birçok yararı bulunmaktadır. Besinlerin saklanmasında kullanılan yöntemlerden bazıları, soğukta veya dondurarak muhafaza, ısıl işlem uygulamaları, kurutma, kimyasal koruyucu ilavesi, ışınlama, kontrollü ve modifiye atmosferdir. Bilinen ve en çok kullanılan yöntemler ise, ısıl işlem uygulamaları ve su aktivitesinin kontrolü ile besin saklama yöntemleridir. Klasik ısıl işlem yöntemlerinde yüksek sıcaklık derecelerinin kullanılması, besin değerini düşürdüğünden, geleneksel yöntemlerle işlem görmüş besinlerin daha az tercih edilmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu nedenlerle gıda üreticileri son yıllarda besin güvenliği ve kalitesini uzun süre korumayı hedefleyen, besinlerin raf ömrünü uzatan yeni saklama yöntemi arayışına girmiştir. Genellikle oda sıcaklığında ve yüksek sıcaklık derecelerine çıkılmadan uygulanan yeni teknikler, bu amaca hizmet etmektedir. Yeni teknolojilerle besin saklama yöntemlerinden bazıları, yüksek basınç, ultrases, ultraviyole, mikrodalga, yenilebilir film kaplama, aktif paketleme ve akıllı ambalaj gibi yöntemleridir. Günümüzde yeni saklama yöntemleri besin saklama teknolojisinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.

Keywords

Besin saklama, Isıl işlem uygulaması, su aktivitesi, aktif paketleme, akıllı amabalaj

Traditional Food Storage Methods and New Technologies

Abstract

Nutrients deteriorate rapidly when interfered with by humans and left naturally. As the source of this history, data storage practices to date have always been important to people. While choosing the appropriate method for storing foods, it is necessary to pay attention to a method that will affect the flavor, smell, appearance and structure of the food in the least amount, as well as eliminating the factors that cause spoilage (1). Some of the methods used for food storage are cold or freeze preservation, heat treatment applications, drying, chemical preservative addition, irradiation, and controlled and modified atmosphere.

One of the most used traditional methods in food storage is heat treatment applications. Another common nutrient storage method is the control of water activity (2). Today, the increase in conscious consumers has led to a decrease in the interest in foods processed with traditional methods. The reason for this is the use of high temperatures in classical heat treatment methods, resulting in nutritional value losses. This review aimed to emphasize the importance of food storage, as well as to review new and traditional food storage methods.

Keywords

Food Storage, Heat Treatment Application, Water Activity, Active Packaging, Smart Packaging

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