ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ

Ayça Adalı; Anıl Yirün; Belma Koçer-gümüşel; Pınar Erkekoğlu

doi:10.33483/jfpau.523804

Review

ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 44 Issue: 1, 167 - 187, 31.01.2020

Ayça Adalı Anıl Yirün , Belma Koçer-gümüşel Pınar Erkekoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.523804

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Amaç: Bu derleme kapsamında, Alzheimer hastalığının genel özelliklerinden bahsedilecek; bu hastalığın patofizyolojisinde rol oynayabileceği bildirilen biyolojik ajanlardan ve bu konuda yapılmış çalışmalardan söz edilecektir.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Dünya çapında artan
nüfusa bağlı olarak yaşlı nüfusun artması Alzheimer hastalığının görülme
sıklığının artmasına yol açmıştır. Son yıllarda, farklı demans türleri ve
özellikle de Alzheimer hastalığı konusundaki bilimsel araştırmalar
hızlanmıştır. Hastalığın multi-genetik nedenlerle ortaya çıkabileceği
bilinmektedir. Ancak, birçok biyolojik ajana maruziyetin de Alzheimer
hastalığının patofizyolojisinde rol oynayabileceği belirtilmektedir.
Literatürde Herpes simplex virüs tip-1 (HSV-1), insan immünoyetmezlik virüsü 1
(HIV-1) ve Helicobacter pylori gibi enfeksiyon etkenlerinin ve vücutta endojen
olarak bulunan prion proteinlerinin bu hastalığının gelişimine yol açabileceği
belirtilmektedir. Diğer taraftan, diyabet gibi hastalıkların da Alzheimer
hastalığının gelişimini hızlandırabileceğine dair araştırmalar bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Alzheimer hastalığı, Helicobacter pylori, Herpes simplex virüs tip-1 (HSV-1), İnsan immünoyetmezlik virüsü 1 (HIV-1)

References

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3. Canbolat, E., Yardımcı, H. (2016) Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Koruyucu Besin Öğeleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 139-145.
4. Niu, H., Alvarez-Alvarez, I., Guillen-Grima, F., Aguinaga-Ontoso, I. (2017) Prevalence and Incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease in Europe: A Meta-Analysis. Neurologia, 32(8), 523-532.
5. Özkay, ÜD., Öztürk, Y., Can, ÖD. (2011) Yaşlanan dünyanın hastalığı: Alzheimer hastalığı. S.D.Ü. Tıp Fak. Derg, 18(1), 35-42.
6. Zacks, RT., Blanchad-Fields, F., Haley, WE. (2006) Psychology and Aging: The First 20 Years. Psychol Aging, 21(1), 1-6.
7. Selekler, K. (2010) Alois Alzheimer and Alzheimer’s Disease. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 13(3), 9-14.
8. Hebert, LE., Weuve, J., Scherr, PA., Evans, DA. (2013) Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 Census. Neurology, 80, 1778-1783.
9. Little, CS., Hammond, CJ., MacIntyre, A., Balin, BJ., Appelt, DM. (2004) Chlamydia pneumoniae induces Alzheimer-like amyloid plaques in brains of BALB/c mice. Neurobiol Aging, 25(4), 419–429.
10. Aşiret, GD., Kapucu, S. (2015) Alzheimer Hastalarının Bilişsel ve Davranışsal Sorunları zerine Etkili Bir Yöntem: Anımsama Terapisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 60-68.
11. Soner, S. (2017) Alzheimer hastalık sürecinde bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşadıkları güçlükler ve sosyal hizmet. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 375-387.
12. Ateş, MP., Karaman, Y., Güntekin, S., Ergun, MA. (2016) Analysis of Genetics and Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuroscience, 325, 124-131.
13. Şahin, HA. (2009) Alzheimer hastalığını klinik belirtileri ve seyri. Türkiye Klinikleri, 2(1), 31-35.
14. Chen, Y., Sillaire, AR., Dallongeville, J., Skrobala, E., Wallon, D., Dubois, B. Hannequin, D., Pasquier, F. (2017) Low Prevalence and Clinical Effect of Vascular Risk Factors in Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzhemier’s Disease, 60, 1045-1054.
15. Kamathe, RS., Joshi, KR. (2018) A Novel Method Based on Independent Component Analysis for Brain MR Image Tissue Classification into CSF, WM and GM for Atrophy Detection in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedical Signal Processinh and Control, 40, 41-48.
16. Özpak, L., Pazarbaşı, A., Keser, N. (2017) Alzheimer Hastalığının Genetiği ve Epigenetiği. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 26(1), 34-49.
17. Saka, E. (2010) Alzheimer hastalığı patofizyolojisi: Deneysel ve Genetik Bulgular. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GERIATRICS, 3, 21-26.
18. Bar-Or, D., Bar-Or, R., Rael, LT., Brody, EN. (2015) Oxidative stress in severe acute illness. Redox Biology, 4, 340-345.
19. Bateman, RJ., Xiong, C., Benzinger, TL., Fagan, AM., Goate, A., Fox, NC., Marcus, DS., Cairns, NJ., Xie, X., Blazey, TM., Holtzman, DM., Santacruz, A. (2012) Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med, 367, 795-804.
20. Topçuoğlu, ES., Selekler, K. (1998) Alzheimer Hastalığı. Geriatri, 1(2), 63-67.
21. Agostini, S., Clerici, M., Mancuso, R. (2014) How plausible is a link between HSV-1 infection and Alzheimer’s disease? Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 12(3), 275-278.22. Mawanda, F., Wallace, R. (2013) Can Infections Cause Alzheimer’s Disease?. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35, 161-180.
23. Harris, SA., Harris, EA. (2015) Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Other Pathogens are Key Causative Factors in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 48, 319-353.
24. Dedicoat, M., Muir, D. (1998) Viral meningitis–or encephalitis? Practitioner, 242(1587), 489-492.
25. Wozniak, MA., Itzhaki, RF., Shipley, SJ., Dobson, CB. (2007) Herpes simplex virus infection causes cellular beta-amyloid accumulation and secretase upregulation. Neurosci Lett, 429(2-3), 95-100.
26. Lin, WR., Shang, D., Itzhaki, RF. (1996) Neurotropic viruses and Alzheimer disease. Interaction of herpes simplex type 1 virus and apolipoprotein E in the etiology of the disease. Mol Chem Neuropathol, 28(1–3), 135–141.
27. De Chiara, G., Marcocci, ME., Civitelli, L., Argnani, R., Piacentini, R., Ripoli, C., Manservigi, R., Grassi, C., Garaci, E., Palamara, AT. (2010) APP Processing Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Yields Several APP Fragments in Human and Rat Neuronal Cells. Plos One, 5(11), 1-14.
28. Piacentini, R., Civitelli, L., Ripoli, C., Marcocci, ME., De Chiara, G., Garaci, E., Azzena, GB., Palamara AT., Grassi, C. (2011) HSV-1 promotes Ca2+-mediated APP phosphorylation and Aβ accumulation in rat cortical neurons. Neurobiology of Aging, 32, 13-26.
29. Burgos, JS., Ramirez, C., Sastre, I., Valdivieso, F. (2007) Apolipoprotein E genotype influences vertical transmission of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a gender specific manner. Aging Cell, 6(6), 841-842.
30. Sokolov, AA., Reincke, M. (2012) Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Affecting the Entire Limbic System. Mayo Clin Proc, 87(9):69.
31. Ball, MJ. (1982) Limbic predilection in Alzheimer dementia: is reactivated herpes virus involved? Can J Neurol Sci, 9:303-306.
32. Reyes, PF., Deems, DA., Suarez, MG. (1993) Olfactory-related changes in Alzheimer’s disease: a quantitative neurpathologic study. Brain Res Bull, 32, 1-5.
33. Kovacs, I., Torok, I., Zombori, J. (1996) Neuropathologic changes in the olfactory bulb in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology, 4, 123-126.
34. Fraser, NW., Lawrence, WC., Wroblewska, Z., Gilden, DH., Koprowski, H. (1981) Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in human brain tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 78, 6461-6465.
35. Middleton, PJ., Petric, M., Kozak, M. (1980) Herpes simplex viral genome and senile and presenile dementias of Alzheimer and Pick. Lancet, I, 1038.
36. Itzhaki, RF., Maitland, NJ., Wilcock, GK. (1993) Detection by polymerase chain reaction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) DNA in brain of aged normals and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Chichester, 98, 102.
37. Baringer, JR., Pisani, P. (1994) Herpes simplex virus genomes in human nervous system tissue analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Ann Neurol, 36 (6), 823-829.
38. Itzhaki, RF., Lin, WR., Shang, D. (1997) Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 349:241-244.
39. Leissring, MA., Sugarman, MC., Laferla, FM. (1998) Herpes Simplex Virus Infections and Alzheimer’s Disease. Drugs & Aging, 13(3), 193-198.
40. Kountouras, J., Boziki, M., Gavalas, E. (2009) Increased cerebrospinal ﬂuid Helicobacter pylori antibody in Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Neurosci, 119(6):765–777.
41. Roubaud-Baudron, C., Varon, C., Megraud, F., Salles, N. (2016) Alzheimer's disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: a possible link? Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil, 14(1), 86-94.
42. Kountouras, J., Boziki, M., Gavalas, E., Zavos, C., Deretzi, G., Chatzigeorgiou, S., Katsinelos, P., Grigoriadis, N., Giartza-Taxidou, E., Venizelos, I. (2010) Five-year survival after Helicobacter pylori eradication in Alzheimer disease patients. Cogn Behav Neurol, 23(3):199–204.
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45. Balin, BJ., Little, CS., Hammond, CJ., Appelt, DM., Whittum-Hudson, JA., Gerard, HC., Hudson, AP. (2008) Chlamydophila Pneumoniae and the Etiology of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 13, 371-380.
46. Soto, C. (2003) Unfolding the role of protein misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Rev. Neurosci, 4, 49–60.
47. Schwarzman, AL., Sarantseva, SV. (2017) Transmission of Pathogenic Protein Aggregates in Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecular Biology, 51(3), 368–371.
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THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Year 2020, Volume: 44 Issue: 1, 167 - 187, 31.01.2020

Ayça Adalı Anıl Yirün , Belma Koçer-gümüşel Pınar Erkekoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.523804

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Objective:
In this review, we
will mainly focus on the the general properties of Alzheimer’s disease and will
also mention the biological agents that are suggested to play roles in the
pathophysiology of Alzeheimer’s disease and the studies performed on these
agents.

Result
and Discussion: The
increase in elderly population due to the increasing population worldwide has
led to an increase in the prevalance of Alzheimer’s disease. In the last years,
scientific studies on different types of dementia and particularly on
Alzheimer’s disease have accelerated. It is known that this disease has
multi-genetic grounds. However, exposure to several biological agents are also
suggested to play roles in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. There
are studies in literature suggesting that infections like Herpes simplex virus
tip-1 (HSV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Helicobacter pylori
and endogenous prion poteins can contribute to the development of this disease.
On the other hand, there are studies suggesting that diseases like diabetes can
expedite the development of Alzheimer’ss disease.

Keywords

Alzheimer's disease, Helicobacter pylori, Herpes simplex virus type 1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

References

1. Wang, J., Gu, BJ., Masters, CL., Wang, YJ. (2017) A systemic view of Alzheimer disease-insights from amyloid-β metabolism beyond the brain. Nature Reviews Neurology, 13, 612-623.
2. Soygür, H. (2000) Bakımevlerinde yaşlı bakımı ve psikolojik değerlendirme. Demans Dizisi, 2, 32-40.
3. Canbolat, E., Yardımcı, H. (2016) Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Koruyucu Besin Öğeleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 139-145.
4. Niu, H., Alvarez-Alvarez, I., Guillen-Grima, F., Aguinaga-Ontoso, I. (2017) Prevalence and Incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease in Europe: A Meta-Analysis. Neurologia, 32(8), 523-532.
5. Özkay, ÜD., Öztürk, Y., Can, ÖD. (2011) Yaşlanan dünyanın hastalığı: Alzheimer hastalığı. S.D.Ü. Tıp Fak. Derg, 18(1), 35-42.
6. Zacks, RT., Blanchad-Fields, F., Haley, WE. (2006) Psychology and Aging: The First 20 Years. Psychol Aging, 21(1), 1-6.
7. Selekler, K. (2010) Alois Alzheimer and Alzheimer’s Disease. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 13(3), 9-14.
8. Hebert, LE., Weuve, J., Scherr, PA., Evans, DA. (2013) Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 Census. Neurology, 80, 1778-1783.
9. Little, CS., Hammond, CJ., MacIntyre, A., Balin, BJ., Appelt, DM. (2004) Chlamydia pneumoniae induces Alzheimer-like amyloid plaques in brains of BALB/c mice. Neurobiol Aging, 25(4), 419–429.
10. Aşiret, GD., Kapucu, S. (2015) Alzheimer Hastalarının Bilişsel ve Davranışsal Sorunları zerine Etkili Bir Yöntem: Anımsama Terapisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 60-68.
11. Soner, S. (2017) Alzheimer hastalık sürecinde bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşadıkları güçlükler ve sosyal hizmet. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 375-387.
12. Ateş, MP., Karaman, Y., Güntekin, S., Ergun, MA. (2016) Analysis of Genetics and Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuroscience, 325, 124-131.
13. Şahin, HA. (2009) Alzheimer hastalığını klinik belirtileri ve seyri. Türkiye Klinikleri, 2(1), 31-35.
14. Chen, Y., Sillaire, AR., Dallongeville, J., Skrobala, E., Wallon, D., Dubois, B. Hannequin, D., Pasquier, F. (2017) Low Prevalence and Clinical Effect of Vascular Risk Factors in Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzhemier’s Disease, 60, 1045-1054.
15. Kamathe, RS., Joshi, KR. (2018) A Novel Method Based on Independent Component Analysis for Brain MR Image Tissue Classification into CSF, WM and GM for Atrophy Detection in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedical Signal Processinh and Control, 40, 41-48.
16. Özpak, L., Pazarbaşı, A., Keser, N. (2017) Alzheimer Hastalığının Genetiği ve Epigenetiği. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 26(1), 34-49.
17. Saka, E. (2010) Alzheimer hastalığı patofizyolojisi: Deneysel ve Genetik Bulgular. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GERIATRICS, 3, 21-26.
18. Bar-Or, D., Bar-Or, R., Rael, LT., Brody, EN. (2015) Oxidative stress in severe acute illness. Redox Biology, 4, 340-345.
19. Bateman, RJ., Xiong, C., Benzinger, TL., Fagan, AM., Goate, A., Fox, NC., Marcus, DS., Cairns, NJ., Xie, X., Blazey, TM., Holtzman, DM., Santacruz, A. (2012) Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med, 367, 795-804.
20. Topçuoğlu, ES., Selekler, K. (1998) Alzheimer Hastalığı. Geriatri, 1(2), 63-67.
21. Agostini, S., Clerici, M., Mancuso, R. (2014) How plausible is a link between HSV-1 infection and Alzheimer’s disease? Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 12(3), 275-278.22. Mawanda, F., Wallace, R. (2013) Can Infections Cause Alzheimer’s Disease?. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35, 161-180.
23. Harris, SA., Harris, EA. (2015) Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Other Pathogens are Key Causative Factors in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 48, 319-353.
24. Dedicoat, M., Muir, D. (1998) Viral meningitis–or encephalitis? Practitioner, 242(1587), 489-492.
25. Wozniak, MA., Itzhaki, RF., Shipley, SJ., Dobson, CB. (2007) Herpes simplex virus infection causes cellular beta-amyloid accumulation and secretase upregulation. Neurosci Lett, 429(2-3), 95-100.
26. Lin, WR., Shang, D., Itzhaki, RF. (1996) Neurotropic viruses and Alzheimer disease. Interaction of herpes simplex type 1 virus and apolipoprotein E in the etiology of the disease. Mol Chem Neuropathol, 28(1–3), 135–141.
27. De Chiara, G., Marcocci, ME., Civitelli, L., Argnani, R., Piacentini, R., Ripoli, C., Manservigi, R., Grassi, C., Garaci, E., Palamara, AT. (2010) APP Processing Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Yields Several APP Fragments in Human and Rat Neuronal Cells. Plos One, 5(11), 1-14.
28. Piacentini, R., Civitelli, L., Ripoli, C., Marcocci, ME., De Chiara, G., Garaci, E., Azzena, GB., Palamara AT., Grassi, C. (2011) HSV-1 promotes Ca2+-mediated APP phosphorylation and Aβ accumulation in rat cortical neurons. Neurobiology of Aging, 32, 13-26.
29. Burgos, JS., Ramirez, C., Sastre, I., Valdivieso, F. (2007) Apolipoprotein E genotype influences vertical transmission of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a gender specific manner. Aging Cell, 6(6), 841-842.
30. Sokolov, AA., Reincke, M. (2012) Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Affecting the Entire Limbic System. Mayo Clin Proc, 87(9):69.
31. Ball, MJ. (1982) Limbic predilection in Alzheimer dementia: is reactivated herpes virus involved? Can J Neurol Sci, 9:303-306.
32. Reyes, PF., Deems, DA., Suarez, MG. (1993) Olfactory-related changes in Alzheimer’s disease: a quantitative neurpathologic study. Brain Res Bull, 32, 1-5.
33. Kovacs, I., Torok, I., Zombori, J. (1996) Neuropathologic changes in the olfactory bulb in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology, 4, 123-126.
34. Fraser, NW., Lawrence, WC., Wroblewska, Z., Gilden, DH., Koprowski, H. (1981) Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in human brain tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 78, 6461-6465.
35. Middleton, PJ., Petric, M., Kozak, M. (1980) Herpes simplex viral genome and senile and presenile dementias of Alzheimer and Pick. Lancet, I, 1038.
36. Itzhaki, RF., Maitland, NJ., Wilcock, GK. (1993) Detection by polymerase chain reaction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) DNA in brain of aged normals and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Chichester, 98, 102.
37. Baringer, JR., Pisani, P. (1994) Herpes simplex virus genomes in human nervous system tissue analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Ann Neurol, 36 (6), 823-829.
38. Itzhaki, RF., Lin, WR., Shang, D. (1997) Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 349:241-244.
39. Leissring, MA., Sugarman, MC., Laferla, FM. (1998) Herpes Simplex Virus Infections and Alzheimer’s Disease. Drugs & Aging, 13(3), 193-198.
40. Kountouras, J., Boziki, M., Gavalas, E. (2009) Increased cerebrospinal ﬂuid Helicobacter pylori antibody in Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Neurosci, 119(6):765–777.
41. Roubaud-Baudron, C., Varon, C., Megraud, F., Salles, N. (2016) Alzheimer's disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: a possible link? Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil, 14(1), 86-94.
42. Kountouras, J., Boziki, M., Gavalas, E., Zavos, C., Deretzi, G., Chatzigeorgiou, S., Katsinelos, P., Grigoriadis, N., Giartza-Taxidou, E., Venizelos, I. (2010) Five-year survival after Helicobacter pylori eradication in Alzheimer disease patients. Cogn Behav Neurol, 23(3):199–204.
43. Balin, BJ., Gerard, HC., Arking, EJ., Appelt, DM., Branigan PJ., Abrams, JT., Whittum-Hudson, JA., Hudson, AP. (1998) Identiﬁcation and localization of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer’s brain. Med Microbiol Immunol, 187(1):23–42.
44. Gerard, HC., Dreses-Werringloer, U., Wildt, KS., Deka, S., Oszust, C., Balin, BJ., Frey, WH., Bordayo, EZ., Whittum-Hudson, JA., Hudson, AP. (2006) Chlamydophila (Chlamydia)pneumoniae in the Alzheimer’s brain. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 48, 355-366.
45. Balin, BJ., Little, CS., Hammond, CJ., Appelt, DM., Whittum-Hudson, JA., Gerard, HC., Hudson, AP. (2008) Chlamydophila Pneumoniae and the Etiology of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 13, 371-380.
46. Soto, C. (2003) Unfolding the role of protein misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Rev. Neurosci, 4, 49–60.
47. Schwarzman, AL., Sarantseva, SV. (2017) Transmission of Pathogenic Protein Aggregates in Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecular Biology, 51(3), 368–371.
48. Onodera, T., Otsuka, M. (2017) Dual role of cellular prion protein in normal host and Alzheimer’s disease. The Japan Academy, 93(4),155-172.
49. Tousseyn, T., Bajsarowicz, K., Sánchez, H., Gheyara, A., Oehler, A., Geschwind, M. (2015) Prion Disease Induces Alzheimer Disease-Like Neuropathologic Changes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 74(9), 873-888.
50. Braak, H., Tredici, KD. (2016) Potential Pathways of Abnormal Tau and a-Synuclein Dissemination in Sporadic Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 8, 1-23.
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section	Collection
Authors	Ayça Adalı This is me 0000-0002-8811-6002 Anıl Yirün 0000-0002-4050-8832 Belma Koçer-gümüşel This is me 0000-0003-4311-2291 Pınar Erkekoğlu 0000-0003-4713-7672
Publication Date	January 31, 2020
Submission Date	February 7, 2019
Acceptance Date	December 5, 2019
Published in Issue	Year 2020 Volume: 44 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Adalı, A., Yirün, A., Koçer-gümüşel, B., Erkekoğlu, P. (2020). ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 44(1), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.523804
AMA	Adalı A, Yirün A, Koçer-gümüşel B, Erkekoğlu P. ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. January 2020;44(1):167-187. doi:10.33483/jfpau.523804
Chicago	Adalı, Ayça, Anıl Yirün, Belma Koçer-gümüşel, and Pınar Erkekoğlu. “ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 44, no. 1 (January 2020): 167-87. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.523804.
EndNote	Adalı A, Yirün A, Koçer-gümüşel B, Erkekoğlu P (January 1, 2020) ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 44 1 167–187.
IEEE	A. Adalı, A. Yirün, B. Koçer-gümüşel, and P. Erkekoğlu, “ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ”, J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 167–187, 2020, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.523804.
ISNAD	Adalı, Ayça et al. “ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 44/1 (January 2020), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.523804.
JAMA	Adalı A, Yirün A, Koçer-gümüşel B, Erkekoğlu P. ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2020;44:167–187.
MLA	Adalı, Ayça et al. “ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, vol. 44, no. 1, 2020, pp. 167-8, doi:10.33483/jfpau.523804.
Vancouver	Adalı A, Yirün A, Koçer-gümüşel B, Erkekoğlu P. ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞININ GELİŞİMİNDE BİYOLOJİK AJANLARIN OLASI ETKİLERİ. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2020;44(1):167-8.

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The Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University is an international medium, an open access, peer-reviewed journal for the publication of original research reports, reviews and short communications in English or Turkish on relevant developments in pharmaceutical sciences., Proceeding of scientific meetings may be published as special issues of supplements to the journal. Additionally, it contains previous and forthcoming national and international scientific meetings with social activities in pharmaceutical areas.