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Türkiye’ de Yatarak Tedavi Gören Covıd-19 Hastalarının Psikososyal Tepkileri ve Yaşadıkları Güçlükler: Niteliksel Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 113 - 124, 26.08.2023

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de yatarak tedavi gören COVID-19 tanılı bireylerin yaşadıkları zorlukları belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma, COVID-19 tanısı alan hastaların yaşadıkları güçlükleri ve psikososyal tepkilerini belirlemek amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenal araştırma deseninde yürütülmüştür. Bu nitel araştırma 32 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Görüşmeler yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmiştir. Değerlendirmede SPSS for Windows Version 22.00, verilerin istatistiksel analizi ve içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: 32 hasta ile yapılan görüşme verilerinin analizi sonucunda 3 ana tema ve 12 alt tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Tema ve alt temalar şu şekilde belirlenmiştir; “hastalığa tepki” ana teması altında “şok”, “korku”, “bana bir şey olmaz” alt temaları; “Süreç içinde yaşanan olumsuz deneyimler” ana teması altında “sosyal izolasyon ve yalnızlık”, “damgalanma”, “ekonomik kaygılar”, “sağlığın ve sevdiklerinin değerini anlama” alt temaları; Kazanımlar ana teması altında “sağlığın ve sevdiklerinin değerini anlama”, “sabırlı olmayı öğrenme”, “kendini tanıma”, “kendine zaman ayırma” ve “empati becerisi” yer almaktadır.
Sonuç: Hastaların hastalık ve tedavi süreçlerinde en az iki hafta devam eden karantina sürecinde yaşadıkları en yoğun duygu yalnızlıktır ve buna bağlı olarak yakınlarına, sağlıklı günlere özlem ve eski özgür günlerine kavuşma arzusudur. Öte yandan birçok hasta bu süreci bir rahatlama fırsatı olarak görmekte ve bu dönemin kendileri için olumlu kazanımlar sağladığına inanmaktadır.

References

  • 1. Li H, Liu S-M, Yu X-H, Tang S-L, Tang C-K. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020;55(5):105951. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020. 105951.
  • 2. Sağlık Bakanlığı T. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 Enfeksiyonu) rehberi 2020 [05.05.2020]. Available from: https://covid19bilgi. saglik. gov. tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi. pdf
  • 3. Organization WH. Novel Coronavirus (‎ 2019-nCoV)‎: situation report, 3 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.
  • 4. Sağlık Bakanlığı T. Covid Bilgilendirme Sayfası 2020 [14.04.2021]. Available from: https://covid19. saglik. gov. tr/TR66935/genelkoronavirus-tablosu. html
  • 5. Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly B. Mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2020;113(5):311-2. doi: doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110.
  • 6. Hong X, Currier GW, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Zhou W, Wei J. Posttraumatic stress disorder in convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome patients: a 4-year follow-up study. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2009;31(6):546-54. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.06.008.
  • 7. Mak IWC, Chu CM, Pan PC, Yiu MGC, Chan VL. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2009;31(4):318-26. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001.
  • 8. Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233-40. doi: doi.org/10.1177/ 070674370705200405.
  • 9. James P, Wardle J, Steel A, Adams J. Post‐Ebola psychosocial experiences and coping mechanisms among Ebola survivors: a systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2019;24(6):671-91. doi: doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13226.
  • 10. Kamara S, Walder A, Duncan J, Kabbedijk A, Hughes P, Muana A. Mental health care during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Sierra Leone. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2017;95(12):842. doi: doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.190470.
  • 11. Shultz JM, Althouse BM, Baingana F, et al. Fear factor: The unseen perils of the Ebola outbreak. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 2016;72(5):304-10. doi: doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2016.1216515.
  • 12. Luyt C-E, Combes A, Becquemin M-H, Beigelman-Aubry C, Hatem S, Brun A-L, et al. Long-term outcomes of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1)-associated severe ARDS. Chest. 2012;142(3):583-92. doi: doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2196.
  • 13. Kim H-C, Yoo S-Y, Lee B-H, Lee SH, Shin H-S. Psychiatric findings in suspected and confirmed middle east respiratory syndrome patients quarantined in hospital: a retrospective chart analysis. Psychiatry Investigation. 2018;15(4):355. doi: doi. org/10.30773/pi.2017.10.25.1.
  • 14. Sun N, Wei L, Wang H, et al. Qualitative study of the psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2021;278:15-22. doi: doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.040.
  • 15. Demirbaş NK, Koçak SS. 2-6 yaş arasinda çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin bakiş açisiyla covid-19 salgin sürecinin değerlendirilmesi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(6):328-49.
  • 16. Güzel P, Yildiz K, Esentaş M, Zerengök D. “Know-How” to Spend Time in Home Isolation during COVID-19; Restrictions and Recreational Activities. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. 2020;7(2):122-31. doi: doi: 10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.011. 17. Balaratnasingam S, Janca A. Mass hysteria revisit ed. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2006;19(2):171-4. doi: doi: 10.1097/01.yco.0000214343.59872.7a.
  • 18. Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death studies. 2020;44(7):393-401. doi: doi.org /10.1080/ 07481187. 2020.1748481.
  • 19. Wang S, Wen X, Liu B, Dong Y, hu Cui M. Psychological influence of Coronovirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the general public, medical workers and patients with mental disorders and its countermeasures. Psychosomatics. 2020. doi: doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.psym.2020.05.005. 20. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The journal of Pediatrics. 2020;221:264. doi: doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013.
  • 21. Xiang Y-T, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8.
  • 22. Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri: Anı Yayıncılık; 2014.
  • 23. Jesmi A-a, Mohammadzade-Tabrizi Z, Rad M, Hosseinzadeh-Younesi E, Pourhabib A. Lived experiences of patients with COVID-19 infection: a phenomenology study. Med Glas (Zenica). 2020;2021(18):1. doi: doi:10.17392/1247-21.
  • 24. Eisazadeh F, Aliakbari Dehkordi M, Aghajanbigloo S. Psychological consequences of patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A Qualitative Study. Biquarterly Iranian Journal of Health Psychology. 2020;2(2):9-20. doi: doi: 10.30473/ijohp.2020.52395.1074.
  • 25. Moradi Y, Mollazadeh F, Karimi P, Hosseingholipour K, Baghaei R. Psychological disturbances of survivors throughout COVID-19 crisis: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):1-8. doi: doi:10.1186/s12888-020-03009-w.
  • 26. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2020;51. doi: doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990.
  • 27. Yao H, Chen J-H, Xu Y-F. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. 2020. doi: doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0.
  • 28. Bo H-X, Li W, Yang Y, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychological medicine. 2020:1-2. doi: doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000999.
  • 29. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open. 2020;3(3):e203976-e. doi: doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
  • 30. Turkey UN. COVİD19 Psikososyal Destek Hattı 2020. Available from: https://turkey.un.org/tr/43887-covid19-psikososyal-destek-hatti.
  • 31. Orhan K. Kadercilik Eğilimi Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Uluslararası Medeniyet Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2017;2(2).
  • 32. Ercan M, Arıcı A, Özüçelik DNN. COVİD-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Yaşlılar Üzerindeki Biyo-Psiko-Sosyal Etkileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Journal of ADEM.1(3):5-22.

Psychosocial Responses and Difficulties of Covid-19 Patients Undergoing Inpatient Treatment in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 113 - 124, 26.08.2023

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to determine the difficulties experienced by individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 who are
undergoing inpatient treatment in Turkey.
Method: The research was conducted in a phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, in
order to determine the difficulties and psychosocial reactions of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. This qualitative
study was conducted with 32 patients. The interviews were conducted face to face.
Results: Three main themes and 12 sub-themes emerged from the analysis of interview data with 32 patients. The subthemes of the main theme of "reaction to the disease" were determined as "shock", "worry, fear" and "nothing will
happen to me". The sub-themes of the main theme of "negative experiences with the process" were "social isolation and
loneliness", stigma “economic concerns”, understanding the value of health and loved ones”. And sub-themes of the
main theme of “gains” were determined as “understanding the value of your health and loved ones”, “learning to be
patient”, “gaining self-awareness”, “sparing time for oneself” and “empathy ability”.
Conclusion and Suggestions: The most intense emotion experienced by the patients was loneliness. They missed their
healthy days and their loved ones. On the other hand, many patients saw this process as an opportunity to relax and
believed that this period offered a positive opportunity for them. Considering the individual characteristics of
hospitalized patients, their psychological health should also be evaluated, keeping in mind that they have feelings,
anxiety and fears as well as their physical health.

References

  • 1. Li H, Liu S-M, Yu X-H, Tang S-L, Tang C-K. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020;55(5):105951. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020. 105951.
  • 2. Sağlık Bakanlığı T. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 Enfeksiyonu) rehberi 2020 [05.05.2020]. Available from: https://covid19bilgi. saglik. gov. tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi. pdf
  • 3. Organization WH. Novel Coronavirus (‎ 2019-nCoV)‎: situation report, 3 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.
  • 4. Sağlık Bakanlığı T. Covid Bilgilendirme Sayfası 2020 [14.04.2021]. Available from: https://covid19. saglik. gov. tr/TR66935/genelkoronavirus-tablosu. html
  • 5. Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly B. Mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2020;113(5):311-2. doi: doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110.
  • 6. Hong X, Currier GW, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Zhou W, Wei J. Posttraumatic stress disorder in convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome patients: a 4-year follow-up study. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2009;31(6):546-54. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.06.008.
  • 7. Mak IWC, Chu CM, Pan PC, Yiu MGC, Chan VL. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2009;31(4):318-26. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001.
  • 8. Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233-40. doi: doi.org/10.1177/ 070674370705200405.
  • 9. James P, Wardle J, Steel A, Adams J. Post‐Ebola psychosocial experiences and coping mechanisms among Ebola survivors: a systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2019;24(6):671-91. doi: doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13226.
  • 10. Kamara S, Walder A, Duncan J, Kabbedijk A, Hughes P, Muana A. Mental health care during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Sierra Leone. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2017;95(12):842. doi: doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.190470.
  • 11. Shultz JM, Althouse BM, Baingana F, et al. Fear factor: The unseen perils of the Ebola outbreak. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 2016;72(5):304-10. doi: doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2016.1216515.
  • 12. Luyt C-E, Combes A, Becquemin M-H, Beigelman-Aubry C, Hatem S, Brun A-L, et al. Long-term outcomes of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1)-associated severe ARDS. Chest. 2012;142(3):583-92. doi: doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2196.
  • 13. Kim H-C, Yoo S-Y, Lee B-H, Lee SH, Shin H-S. Psychiatric findings in suspected and confirmed middle east respiratory syndrome patients quarantined in hospital: a retrospective chart analysis. Psychiatry Investigation. 2018;15(4):355. doi: doi. org/10.30773/pi.2017.10.25.1.
  • 14. Sun N, Wei L, Wang H, et al. Qualitative study of the psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2021;278:15-22. doi: doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.040.
  • 15. Demirbaş NK, Koçak SS. 2-6 yaş arasinda çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin bakiş açisiyla covid-19 salgin sürecinin değerlendirilmesi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(6):328-49.
  • 16. Güzel P, Yildiz K, Esentaş M, Zerengök D. “Know-How” to Spend Time in Home Isolation during COVID-19; Restrictions and Recreational Activities. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. 2020;7(2):122-31. doi: doi: 10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.011. 17. Balaratnasingam S, Janca A. Mass hysteria revisit ed. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2006;19(2):171-4. doi: doi: 10.1097/01.yco.0000214343.59872.7a.
  • 18. Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death studies. 2020;44(7):393-401. doi: doi.org /10.1080/ 07481187. 2020.1748481.
  • 19. Wang S, Wen X, Liu B, Dong Y, hu Cui M. Psychological influence of Coronovirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the general public, medical workers and patients with mental disorders and its countermeasures. Psychosomatics. 2020. doi: doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.psym.2020.05.005. 20. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The journal of Pediatrics. 2020;221:264. doi: doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013.
  • 21. Xiang Y-T, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8.
  • 22. Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri: Anı Yayıncılık; 2014.
  • 23. Jesmi A-a, Mohammadzade-Tabrizi Z, Rad M, Hosseinzadeh-Younesi E, Pourhabib A. Lived experiences of patients with COVID-19 infection: a phenomenology study. Med Glas (Zenica). 2020;2021(18):1. doi: doi:10.17392/1247-21.
  • 24. Eisazadeh F, Aliakbari Dehkordi M, Aghajanbigloo S. Psychological consequences of patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A Qualitative Study. Biquarterly Iranian Journal of Health Psychology. 2020;2(2):9-20. doi: doi: 10.30473/ijohp.2020.52395.1074.
  • 25. Moradi Y, Mollazadeh F, Karimi P, Hosseingholipour K, Baghaei R. Psychological disturbances of survivors throughout COVID-19 crisis: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):1-8. doi: doi:10.1186/s12888-020-03009-w.
  • 26. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2020;51. doi: doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990.
  • 27. Yao H, Chen J-H, Xu Y-F. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. 2020. doi: doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0.
  • 28. Bo H-X, Li W, Yang Y, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychological medicine. 2020:1-2. doi: doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000999.
  • 29. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open. 2020;3(3):e203976-e. doi: doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
  • 30. Turkey UN. COVİD19 Psikososyal Destek Hattı 2020. Available from: https://turkey.un.org/tr/43887-covid19-psikososyal-destek-hatti.
  • 31. Orhan K. Kadercilik Eğilimi Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Uluslararası Medeniyet Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2017;2(2).
  • 32. Ercan M, Arıcı A, Özüçelik DNN. COVİD-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Yaşlılar Üzerindeki Biyo-Psiko-Sosyal Etkileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Journal of ADEM.1(3):5-22.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Arzu Aydoğan 0000-0001-9924-0589

Miray Aksu 0000-0001-6559-9753

Early Pub Date August 26, 2023
Publication Date August 26, 2023
Submission Date April 28, 2022
Acceptance Date October 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydoğan, A., & Aksu, M. (2023). Psychosocial Responses and Difficulties of Covid-19 Patients Undergoing Inpatient Treatment in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 113-124.


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