Disaster Management and Public Health Nursing

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 147 - 162, 25.04.2025

Feyza Bardak

Abstract

Disasters are inherent components of the human experience, leading to untimely deaths, displacement, a decline in quality of life, and shifts in health status. They encompass situations that severely disrupt the functioning of a community or society, occurring at any scale, as a result of hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability, and capacity. For effective disaster planning, the essential methods of data collection include hazard identification and mapping, vulnerability analysis, and risk assessment. The initial step in comprehensive disaster planning involves the advanced identification of potential issues specific to the relevant institution or community. In instances where disaster planning and process management fall short, negative health effects become prevalent. Consequently, disasters contribute to premature deaths, illnesses, and injuries within the affected community, frequently surpassing the local health system's capacity. They create environmental imbalances, elevating the risk of infectious diseases and exposing communities to air, soil, and water hazards. Furthermore, the psychological, emotional, and social well-being of the affected population is impacted, potentially causing food shortages and severe nutritional deficiencies. Throughout these processes, public health nursing plays a pivotal role, undertaking essential duties at every stage. For instance, in the aftermath of a disaster, public health nurses are responsible for needs assessment through comprehensive scanning, planning for these identified needs, initiating proactive measures, and continually reassessing the outcomes of interventions. It is crucial to recognize that advocacy, team collaboration, caregiver, decision-maker, researcher, and leadership roles are integral components at every stage of the disaster management process.

Keywords

Public Health Nursing , Public Health Nurse Role , Disaster , Disaster Nursing , Disasters Management.

Afet Yönetimi ve Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği

Abstract

Afetler, insanlık deneyimlerinin bir parçası olarak erken ölümlere, yerinden edilmelere yaşam kalitesinin bozulmasına ve sağlık durumunun değişmesine neden olmaktadır. Afetler insani, maddi, ekonomik, çevresel kayıplara ve etkilerden bir ya da daha fazlasına yol açan, maruziyet, savunmasızlık ve kapasite koşulları ile etkileşime giren tehlikeli olaylar nedeniyle bir topluluğun veya toplumun işleyişinin herhangi bir ölçekte ciddi şekilde aksamasına sebep olan durumlardır. Afet planlaması için veri toplamanın üç köşe taşı yöntemi olarak tehlike belirleme ve haritalama, güvenlik açığı analizi ve risk değerlendirmesi kullanılabilmektedir. Etkili afet planlamasının ilk adımı, ilgili kurum ya da topluluk için olası sorunların ileri düzeyde tanımlanmasını gerektirmektedir. Farklı felaket türlerinde farklı girişim ve önlemlerin planlanması ve uygulanması gerekmektedir. Ancak afet planlaması ve süreç yönetimi etkin bir şekilde yürütülemezse olumsuz sağlık etkileri oluşmaktadır. Bireyleri ve toplumları etkileyen afetler hasarlı ve yıkılmış binalar fiziksel zararın kanıtı olabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak afetler, etkilenen toplulukta genellikle yerel sağlık sisteminin kapasitesini aşan erken ölümlere, hastalıklara ve yaralanmalara; bulaşıcı hastalık riskini ve çevresel hava, toprak ve su tehlikelerini artırarak çevresel dengesizlikler yaratabilir; etkilenen topluluktaki nüfusun psikolojik, duygusal ve sosyal refahını; gıda kıtlığına neden olabilir ve ciddi beslenme eksikliklerine yol açabilmektedir. Halk sağlığı hemşireliği bu süreçlerin her aşamasında önemli görevler üstlenmektedir. Örneğin afet durumunda halk sağlığı hemşiresi tarama yaparak ihtiyaçları belirlemeli, bu ihtiyaçlara yönelik planlama yapmalı, planlamalara yönelik girişimlerde bulunmalı ve girişim sonuçlarını yeniden değerlendirmelidir. Ayrıca savunuculuk, ekip iş birliği, bakım verici, karar verici, araştırmacı, liderlik rolleri afet yönetim sürecinin her aşamasında yer aldığı bilinmelidir.

Keywords

Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği , Halk Sağlığı Hemşiresi Roleri , Afet , Afet Hemşireliği , Afet Yönetimi.

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