Clinical Research

Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Volume: 23 Number: 2 July 11, 2026
TR EN

Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Abstract Objective: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most prevalent pregnancy-specific liver disorder, associated with significant risks of adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth and stillbirth. The diagnostic gold standard, serum bile acid measurement, has limited availability, necessitating alternative diagnostic tools based on routine laboratory parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score, Aspartate Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Platelet-Albumin-Bilirubin (PALBI) index, and Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio (FAR) in patients with ICP. A further objective was to develop a novel predictive model by integrating these scores with hematological markers and to assess the association between these models and perinatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 65 pregnant women diagnosed with ICP and 67 healthy pregnant women as controls. Data were collected between January 2020 and December 2024 at a tertiary maternity center. The ALBI, APRI, PALBI, and FAR scores, alongside inflammatory markers such as the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), were calculated from routine biochemical and hematological analyses. The diagnostic performance of each score was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A novel composite score was subsequently developed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The ALBI, APRI, PALBI, and FAR scores were all significantly elevated in the ICP cohort compared to the control group (p < 0.001 for all). Among the individual models, the APRI score demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance (Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.83). A newly developed composite score, integrating ALBI, NLR, PLR, and RDW, yielded superior diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.86), with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 75%. This novel score also showed a significant correlation with adverse perinatal outcomes, including lower gestational age at birth, reduced birth weight, and higher rates of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Conclusion: Scoring systems derived from routine biochemical and hematological parameters are valuable adjunctive tools for the diagnosis of ICP. The novel composite score proposed herein offers a practical, cost-effective, and highly accurate method for early diagnosis and risk stratification, particularly in clinical settings where bile acid assays are not readily accessible.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Clinical Research

Publication Date

July 11, 2026

Submission Date

July 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 2, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 23 Number: 2

APA
Bağlar, İ., Keles, E., Şanlıkan, F., Öztürk, U. K., Ayğar, M., Kara, S. S., & Ergün, E. B. (2026). Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 23(2), 154-159. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1735672
AMA
1.Bağlar İ, Keles E, Şanlıkan F, et al. Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23(2):154-159. doi:10.38136/jgon.1735672
Chicago
Bağlar, İsmail, Esra Keles, Fatih Şanlıkan, et al. 2026. “Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 (2): 154-59. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1735672.
EndNote
Bağlar İ, Keles E, Şanlıkan F, Öztürk UK, Ayğar M, Kara SS, Ergün EB (July 1, 2026) Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 2 154–159.
IEEE
[1]İ. Bağlar et al., “Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study”, Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 154–159, July 2026, doi: 10.38136/jgon.1735672.
ISNAD
Bağlar, İsmail - Keles, Esra - Şanlıkan, Fatih - Öztürk, Uğur Kemal - Ayğar, Metin - Kara, Sahra Sultan - Ergün, Esra Buse. “Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23/2 (July 1, 2026): 154-159. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1735672.
JAMA
1.Bağlar İ, Keles E, Şanlıkan F, Öztürk UK, Ayğar M, Kara SS, Ergün EB. Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23:154–159.
MLA
Bağlar, İsmail, et al. “Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 154-9, doi:10.38136/jgon.1735672.
Vancouver
1.İsmail Bağlar, Esra Keles, Fatih Şanlıkan, Uğur Kemal Öztürk, Metin Ayğar, Sahra Sultan Kara, Esra Buse Ergün. Comparison of Liver Function-Based Scoring Systems and Development of a Novel Predictive Model for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026 Jul. 1;23(2):154-9. doi:10.38136/jgon.1735672