Research Article

Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model

Volume: 23 Number: 3 October 1, 2026
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Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model

Abstract

Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important pregnancy complication that can lead to serious complications on both maternal and fetal health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of biochemical markers evaluated during the first trimester of pregnancy, particularly fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), in predicting GDM development. Method: In this retrospective study, a total of 582 pregnant women were tested with double screening tests and serum biochemical parameters 24–28. Oral glucose screening test (OGTT) results were examined in weeks. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data were compared between GDM and control groups. The diagnostic values of the biomarkers were calculated with the ROC analysis. In addition, a nomogram scoring system was created using these parameters. Results: FAR, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR and CRP/albumin ratios were significantly higher in the GDM group (p<0,001). FAR was determined as the parameter with the highest diagnostic power (AUC = 0.79). In the nomogram analysis, far and HbA1c received the highest scoring values. Pregnancy associated plasma protein a (PAPP-a) was low in the GDM group, but its diagnostic strength was poor. Conclusion: FAR, HbA1c and HOMA-IR values measured in the first trimester can be valuable indicators for predicting GDM. In particular, far has been evaluated as a parameter that comes to the forefront in the early screening process thanks to its high diagnostic power.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

non

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Şehir Hastanesi, Etik Kurulu Approval Number: 2025/010.99/15/3 Date of Approval: 30.04.2025

Thanks

non

References

  1. . 2. 3. American Diabetes Association. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S200–S210. doi:10.2337/dc21-S014. Shivashri C, Hannah W, Deepa M, et al. Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0278919. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278919.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 1, 2026

Submission Date

December 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 23 Number: 3

APA
Bağlar, İ., Keles, E., Şanlıkan, F., Öztürk, U. K., Özbayram, A. Ç., Aydın Bozcu, H., Atıcı, Ö. F., & Ertekin, L. T. (2026). Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 23(3), 245-249. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1834530
AMA
1.Bağlar İ, Keles E, Şanlıkan F, et al. Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23(3):245-249. doi:10.38136/jgon.1834530
Chicago
Bağlar, İsmail, Esra Keles, Fatih Şanlıkan, et al. 2026. “Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 (3): 245-49. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1834530.
EndNote
Bağlar İ, Keles E, Şanlıkan F, Öztürk UK, Özbayram AÇ, Aydın Bozcu H, Atıcı ÖF, Ertekin LT (October 1, 2026) Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 3 245–249.
IEEE
[1]İ. Bağlar et al., “Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model”, Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 245–249, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.38136/jgon.1834530.
ISNAD
Bağlar, İsmail - Keles, Esra - Şanlıkan, Fatih - Öztürk, Uğur Kemal - Özbayram, Ayşe Çalış - Aydın Bozcu, Hazal - Atıcı, Ömer Faruk - Ertekin, Lokman Tekin. “Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23/3 (October 1, 2026): 245-249. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1834530.
JAMA
1.Bağlar İ, Keles E, Şanlıkan F, Öztürk UK, Özbayram AÇ, Aydın Bozcu H, Atıcı ÖF, Ertekin LT. Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23:245–249.
MLA
Bağlar, İsmail, et al. “Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 3, Oct. 2026, pp. 245-9, doi:10.38136/jgon.1834530.
Vancouver
1.İsmail Bağlar, Esra Keles, Fatih Şanlıkan, Uğur Kemal Öztürk, Ayşe Çalış Özbayram, Hazal Aydın Bozcu, Ömer Faruk Atıcı, Lokman Tekin Ertekin. Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using First-Trimester Fibrinogen-To-Albumin Ratio and Other Biochemical Markers: A Multi-Parameter Diagnostic Model. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026 Oct. 1;23(3):245-9. doi:10.38136/jgon.1834530