Research Article

Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Volume: 23 Number: 2 July 11, 2026
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Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Aim: To compare four cervical ripening and labor induction strategies in term singleton pregnancies with an unfavorable cervix with respect to vaginal delivery rate and time to birth. Materials and Methods: This retrospective exploratory comparative cohort study was conducted at the Obstetrics Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between November 2019 and September 2023. A total of 120 women at 37+0 to 42+0 weeks of gestation with singleton vertex pregnancies, cervical dilatation between 1 and 3 cm, and a Bishop score below 7 were included. Women were classified into four groups: manual cervical stretching with concomitant membrane sweeping alone, dinoprostone alone, immediate combination of the mechanical procedure and dinoprostone, and oxytocin augmentation after dinoprostone. The primary outcomes were vaginal delivery rate and time to vaginal birth. Results: Vaginal delivery rate differed significantly among groups (53.3%, 76.7%, 80.0%, and 90.0%, respectively; p=0.009). In the whole cohort, the induction-to-delivery interval also differed significantly and was longest in Group 1 and shortest in Group 4 (31.2±4.5 h, 28.5±7.4 h, 26.3±7.2 h, and 25.0±4.8 h, respectively; p<0.001). Among women who delivered vaginally, the induction-to-vaginal-delivery interval remained significantly different (p=0.005). Cesarean delivery rates decreased progressively from Group 1 to Group 4. Apgar scores and postpartum pain scores were similar across groups. Conclusion: In term singleton pregnancies with an unfavorable cervix, dinoprostone-containing strategies were associated with higher vaginal delivery rates than the mechanical-only approach. Sequential dinoprostone plus oxytocin achieved the highest vaginal delivery rate, whereas the mechanical-only strategy was associated with the longest time to birth.

Keywords

References

  1. Referanslar

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 11, 2026

Submission Date

April 2, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 23 Number: 2

APA
Ünlü, C., Türker Ergün, G., & Moraloğlu Tekin, Ö. (2026). Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 23(2), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1922290
AMA
1.Ünlü C, Türker Ergün G, Moraloğlu Tekin Ö. Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23(2):168-173. doi:10.38136/jgon.1922290
Chicago
Ünlü, Cemal, Gonca Türker Ergün, and Özlem Moraloğlu Tekin. 2026. “Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies With an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 (2): 168-73. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1922290.
EndNote
Ünlü C, Türker Ergün G, Moraloğlu Tekin Ö (July 1, 2026) Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 2 168–173.
IEEE
[1]C. Ünlü, G. Türker Ergün, and Ö. Moraloğlu Tekin, “Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study”, Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 168–173, July 2026, doi: 10.38136/jgon.1922290.
ISNAD
Ünlü, Cemal - Türker Ergün, Gonca - Moraloğlu Tekin, Özlem. “Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies With an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23/2 (July 1, 2026): 168-173. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1922290.
JAMA
1.Ünlü C, Türker Ergün G, Moraloğlu Tekin Ö. Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23:168–173.
MLA
Ünlü, Cemal, et al. “Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies With an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 168-73, doi:10.38136/jgon.1922290.
Vancouver
1.Cemal Ünlü, Gonca Türker Ergün, Özlem Moraloğlu Tekin. Comparison of Four Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction Strategies in Term Singleton Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026 Jul. 1;23(2):168-73. doi:10.38136/jgon.1922290