IMMUNIZATION IN PREGNANCY

Abstract

Maternal immunization protects the mother and the fetus against certain diseases. At the same time it provides passive protection in the newborn period. İdeally immunization should be completed before conception however in certain situations it can be done during pregnancy. There’s no evidence about the adverse effects of toksoids and inactivated viral or bacterial vaccines to the fetus and the mother during pregnancy. However live vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy due to the potential risk of transplacental passage of virus and bacteria that may infect the fetus.

Keywords

• Pregnancy,immunization

GEBELİKTE İMMÜNİZASYON

Abstract

Maternal immünizasyon anne ve fetüsü belirli hasta- lıklara karşı korurken yenidoğan döneminde de bazı hastalıklara karşı pasif korunma sağlar. İdeal olan konsepsiyon öncesinde immünizasyonun tamamlanması iken özel durumlarda gebelik sırasında da yapılabilir. Toksoidler veya inaktive bakteriyel veya viral aşıların gebe kadınlara verilmesi sonucu fetüs ve anneye vere- bilecekleri zararlı etkiler konusunda herhangi bir kanıt yoktur. Canlı aşılarsa içerdikleri virüs veya bakterinin potansiyel olarak plasentayı geçip fetüsü enfekte edebilme riskinden dolayı gebelikte kontraendikedirler.

Keywords

• Gebelik,immünizasyon

References

1. 1.Barss VA. Immunization during pregnancy. April 14, 2011. www. uptodate.com.
2. 2.Gruslin A, Steben M, Halperin S, Money DM, Yudin MH; SOGC. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009; 105(2): 187-91.
3. 3. CDC Guidelines for vaccinatig pregnant women from Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2007
4. 4. Bozzo P, Narducci A, Einarson A. Vaccination during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2011;57(5):555-7.
5. 5. Murphy TV, Slade BA, Broder KR, et al. Prevention of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria among pregnant and postpartum women and their infants. Recommendations of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). 2008; 57(04):1-47,51.
6. 6. Whitman C, Belgharbi L, Gasse F, Torel C, Mattei V, Zoffmann H. Progress towards the global elimination of neonatal tetanus. World Health Stat Q. 1992; 45(2-3):248.
7. 7. Roper MH, Vandelaer JH, Gasse FL. Maternal and neonatal tetanus. Lancet. 2007;370:1947.
8. 8. Manual of Obstetrics, sixth edition, Evans AT,Niswander KR, Lipincott Williams&Wilkins);258-259.

9. 9. Munoz FM, Englunnd JA. Vaccines in pregnancy. Infectious Disease Clin North AM, 2001;15(1).
10. 10.Fiore AE, Shay DK, Broder K, et al, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), MMWR. 2009;58:1.
11. 11. Mak TK, Mangtani P, Leese J, Watson JM, Pfeifer D. Influenza vaccination in pregnancy: current evidence and selected national policies. Lancet. 2008;8(1):44.
12. 12. Steinhoff MC, Omer SB, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Raqib R, Altaye M,Breiman RF. Influenza immunization in pregnancy--antibody responses in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(17):1644.
13. 13. Tamma PD, Ault KA, del Rio C, Steinhoff MC, Halsey NA, Omer SB. Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(6):547.
14. 14. Moro PL, Broder K, Zheteyeva Y, Walton K, Rohan P, Sutherland A, Guh A, Haber P, Destefano F, Vellozzi C. Adverse events in pregnant women following administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 1990-2009. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(2):146.e1.
15. 15. CDC. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of Hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recomendations of ACIP,2005.
16. 16. Elinav E, Ben-Dov IZ, Shapira Y, Daudi N, Adler R, Shouval D, Ackerman Z. Acute hepatitis A infection in pregnancy is associated with high rates of gestational complications and preterm labor. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(4):1129.
17. 17. McDuffie RS Jr, Bader T. Fetal meconium peritonitis after maternal hepatitis A. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180(4):1031.
18. 18. Leikin E, Lysikiewicz A, Garry D, Tejani N. Intrauterine transmission of hepatitis A virus. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88(4 Pt 2):690.
19. 19. CDC. Prevention of Hepatitis A through active and passive immunization: Recommendations of ACIP,2006 .
20. 20. CDC.Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States:recommendations of ACIP, 2000.
21. 21. Aşı çalışma grubu/ Turkish Vaccination Board; Prof. Dr. Levent Akın http://asicalismagrubu.org/temas_sonrasi.asp.
22. 22. CDC. Human rabies prevention-United States, 1999.
23. 23. Prevention of pneumococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep1997; 46(RR-08):1.
24. 24. O’Dempsey TJ, McArdle T, Ceesay SJ et al. Immunization with a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine during pregnancy. Vaccine,1996;14(10):963-70.
25. 25. Shahid NO, Steinhoff MC, Hoque SS, Begum T, Thompson C, Siber GR. Serum, breast milk, and infant antibody after maternal immunisation with pneumococcal vaccine. Lancet, 1995; 11;346(8985):1252-57.
26. 26. CDC.Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of ACIP, 1996.
27. 27. St Geme JW Jr, Noren GR, Adams P Jr. Proposed embryopathic relation between mumps virus and primary endocardial fibroelastosis. N Engl J Med. 1966;275(7):339.
28. 28. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella -- Vaccine Use and Strategies for Elimination of Measles, Rubella, and Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Control of Mumps: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1998; 47 (RR-8):1.
29. 29. Riley LE. Rubella in pregnancy. June 7, 2010. www.uptodate.com.
30. 30. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. The Role of BCG Vaccine in the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in the United States: A Joint Statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1996;45(No. RR-4):13.