CRYOPRESERVATION IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY PRESERVATION

Abstract

Cryopreservation is the technique of keeping living cells or tissues at ultralow temperature that no metabolic or biochemical activity can ocur. The use of cryopreservation techniques is highly attractive and has been increasingly applied worldwide. Cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes and embryos have been central to improvements in the assisted reproduction treatment success with many potential applications. Embryo cryopreservation is an established procedure and has been increasingly used due to novel indications as freeze-all strategy to reduce complications of assisted reproduction as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, pre-implantation genetic screening or single embryo transfer and cryopreservation of the remaining embryos to minimize the risk of multiple pregnancies. Sperm and oocyte cryopreservation has permitted the longterm storage of gametes for patients with anticipated fertility decline. Ovarian and testicular tissue cryopreservation is the treatment options for prepubertal girls and boys requiring fertility preservation. Although they are relatively new techniques compared to gamete or embryo cryopreservation, they are both very promising and expected to be more widely implemented into the clinic in the near future.

Keywords

• Cryopreservation
• Oocyte
• Sperm
• Embryo
• Testis
• Ovary

YARDIMCI ÜREME TEKNİKLERİ VE FERTİLİTE PREZERVASYONUNDA KRİYOPREZERVASON

Abstract

Kriyoprezervasyon, canlı hücre veya dokuların metabolik ve biyokimyasal aktivitelerinin durdurulduğu çok düşük derecelerde saklanmasıdır. Kriyoprezervasyon teknikleri oldukça ilgi çekici olup dünya çapında gittikçe artan oranlarda kullanılmaktadır. Sperm, oosit ve embriyoların dondurularak saklanması, yardımcı üreme teknikleri tedavilerinde potansiyel birçok kullanım alanı bulmuş olup başarı artışında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Embriyo kriyoprezervasyonu, özellikle freze-all stratejisine olanak sağlayarak ovaryan hiperstimülasyon sendromu gibi yardımcı üreme teknikleri tedavi komplikasyonlarının önlenmesi, preimplantasyon genetik tanıya olanak sağlaması, tek embriyo transferi yapılıp diğer embriyoların saklanmasına olanak sağlayarak çoğul gebeliklerin önüne geçilebilmesi gibi pek çok nedenden ötürü her geçen gün kullanımı artan bir prosedür haline gelmiştir. Sperm ve oosit dondurulması ise fertilite kaybı ile yüz yüze kalan hastalar için uzun dönem kendi gamet hücrelerinin saklanabilmesine olanak sağlar. Over ve testis doku dondurulması ise prepubertal dönemdeki kız ve erkeklerde fertilite prezervasyonu için tek tedavi seçeneğidir. Diğerleri ile kıyaslandığında daha yeni teknikler olsalar da, gelecek vadeden ve yakın gelecekte kullanımının daha artacağı düşünülen tedavi seçenekleri olarak değerlendirilmektedirler.

Keywords

• Kriyoprezervasyon
• Oosit
• Sperm
• Embryo
• Testis
• Over

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