Pandeminin Gebeler Üzerine Psikolojik Etkileri: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Abstract

Coronavirüs enfeksiyonu (COVID-19) dünyada giderek yayılarak, bir pandemiye dönüşmüştür. Hızlı yayılması, bir tedavisinin olmaması, ölümcül olması hastalığın yarattığı etkiyi arttırmaktadır. En çok etkilenen yaş grubunun üreme çağındaki kadınları içeren yaş grubu olması gebelikte hastalığın seyri, anne ve bebek açısından neler yapılabileceğini önemli hale getirmiştir. Gebelik kadınları viral enfeksiyona karşı savunmasız hale getiren, bağışıklık sisteminde kısmi baskılanmaya sebep olan bir süreçtir. Gebelikte viral enfeksiyonların morbidite ve mortalitesi genel toplum oranlarından daha yüksektir. Gebelerin hastalıklara karşı gebe olmayanlara göre daha duyarlı olmaları, benzer virüsler olan SARS-CoV ve MERS-CoV enfeksiyonlarının gebelerde yarattığı yüksek ölüm oranları yüzünden şüpheli ya da enfekte gebelerin yönetiminin bu konuda yetkin bir multidisipliner ekip tarafından yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. COVID-19 gebelerde ciddi maternal ve fetal olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabilir. COVID-19 salgının gebeler üzerine etkisi ve maternal-fetal komplikasyonları ile ilgili veriler giderek artmakta birlikte, henüz yeterli düzeyde kanıt bulunmamaktadır. COVID-19 salgını tüm gebe kadınlarda doğal olarak hem gebelikleri ile ilgili, hem de bebeklerinin virüsten etkilenmesi ile ilgili önemli korku, endişe ve stresse sebep olmaktadır. Yapılan bir ön çalışmada erken gebelik haftalarında COVID-19 pandemisinin gebelerde anksiyete ve depresyon oranını arttırdığı gösterilmiştir. Gebelerde oluşması muhtemel daha fazla stres, korku ve endişenin sebep olabileceği maternal ve fetal komplikasyonları önlemek daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Gebelikte komplikasyonlar, ekonomik zorluklar ve destek eksikliği ile sosyal izolasyon, geçmişte veya halihazırda psikiyatrik hastalığı olanlar ve pozitif aile öyküsü olanlar daha büyük risk altındadır. Uygun sağlık ve sosyal bakıma erişimin kısıtlanması, mevcut yüksek olan kaygı düzeylerini de daha da artıracaktır. Doğum öncesi psikolojik belirtiler, düşük ve erken doğum dahil olmak üzere obstetrik komplikasyon riskini artırabilir. Bu yazıda pandeminin gebeler üzerinde olan etkileri literatür bulguları ışığında ele alınacaktır.

Keywords

• covıd-19
• gebelik
• ruh sağlığı
• anksiyete
• depresyon

Psychological Effects of Pandemic on Pregnant Women: A review

Abstract

Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has gradually spread around the world, turning into a pandemic. Its rapid spread, lack of a cure, and being fatal increase the effect of the disease. The fact that the most affected age group includes women of reproductive age has made it important for the course of the disease in pregnancy and what can be done for mother and baby. Pregnancy is a process that makes women vulnerable to viral infection and causes partial suppression in the immune system. The morbidity and mortality of viral infections during pregnancy is higher than the general population rates. Because pregnant women are more susceptible to diseases than non-pregnant women and the high mortality rates caused by similar viruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections in pregnant women, the management of suspicious or infected pregnant women should be carried out by a competent multidisciplinary team. COVID-19 can cause serious maternal and fetal negative consequences in pregnant women. The COVID-19 epidemic naturally causes significant fear, anxiety and stress in all pregnant women both about their pregnancy and about their babies being affected by the virus. In a preliminary study, it has been shown that the COVID-19 pandemic in the early weeks of pregnancy increases the rate of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. It becomes more important to prevent maternal and fetal complications that may be caused by more stress, fear and anxiety in pregnant women. Those with pregnancy complications, economic difficulties and lack of support, social isolation, past or current psychiatric illness, and positive family history are at greater risk. Restricting access to appropriate health and social care will further increase the existing high levels of anxiety. In this article, the effects of the pandemic on pregnant women will be discussed in the light of the literature findings.

Keywords

• covıd-19
• pregnancy
• mental health
• anxiety
• depression

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