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Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pregnancy: 15 case reports

Year 2014, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 116 - 119, 01.10.2014

Abstract

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis RA is seen approximately 1-2% of adult population and is more common in women than men. A significant number of these women with RA is in the reproductive age. While the activity of RA during pregnancy usually decreases, the symptoms are getting worse in a part. As the insufficient knowledge about whether the drugs for RA are safe in pregnancy, the treatment of this disease is difficult. In the present study, the prognosis of RA in patients before pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum period was reported.Material and Methods: A total of 15 patients with RA were included to this study. The treatment was stopped for RA before pregnacy and the patients received just prednol and paracetamol. At this time, the monitoring of pregnants was conducted by the same clinician. Serial ultrasonography and non-reactive stres test NST in the 3’rd trimestere were done. Clinical examination was done every month during pregnancy in term of RA. Moreover, the laboratory tests complete blood count, biochemical, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR and C-reactive protein CRP were studied. The statistical analyse was performed with SPSS 17.0 for windowsResults: The mean age of patients was 26.7 ± 1.2 range 20-32 . While the RA was present ın fourteen of fifteen patients before pregnancy, just one of them has taken a new diagnosis. The symptoms of twelve pregnants with RA was decreased and was observed to be aggravated in two other of pregnants. The patient with RA who was diagnosed newly in pregnancy, received just analgesic paracetamol and prednol in the perinatal period and methotraxate mtx was started in the postpartum period. In the postpartum period, a total of eleven patients' symptoms were re-aggravated and thereby, methotrexate and sulfasalazine were given again to seven of them. While laboratory findings in cases of decreased RA symptoms in pregnancy were decreasing with increasing gestastional age, the clinical findings also were regressed. There was a positive correlation between ESH, CRP with tender joint count and swollen joint count r= 0.678, p: 0.02 .Conclusion: The patients with RA should be counseled before pregnancy and monitorized closely and treated for symptoms during pregnancy. Re-aggravation of symptoms in the postpartum period should be kept in mind and patients should be warned about this. In addition, the patients who received methotrexate before pregnancy, should be told that this drug is contraindicated during breast feeding period and other medications should be considered instead of this drug.

References

  • Dugowson CE, Koepsell TD, Voigt LF, Bley L, Nelson JL, Daling JR. Rheumatoid ar- thritis in women. Incidence rates in group health cooperative, Seattle, Washington, 1987-1989. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1502-7.
  • Doria A, Iaccarino L, Arienti S, Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Rampudda ME, et al. Th2 immune deviation induced by pregnancy: the two faces of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Reprod Toxicol. 2006;22:234-41.
  • Ostensen M, Forger F, Nelson JL, Schuhmacher A, Hebisch G, Villiger PM. Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic disease: anti-inflammatory cytokines increase in preg- nancy and decrease post partum. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2005;64:839- 44.
  • Gayed M, Gordon C. Pregnancy and rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1634-40.
  • Pope RM, Yoshinoya S, Rutstein J, Persellin RH. Effect of pregnancy on immune complexes and rheumatoid factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 1983;74:973-9.
  • Klipple GL, Cecere FA. Rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1989;15:213-39.
  • Nelson JL, Ostensen M. Pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1997;23:195-212.
  • Belcher C, Doherty M, Crouch SP. Synovial fluid neutrophil function in RA: the effect of pregnancy associated proteins. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61:379-80.
  • Ostensen M, Khamashta M, Lockshin M, Parke A, Brucato A, Carp H, et al. Anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8:209.
  • Buckley LM, Bullaboy CA, Leichtman L, Marquez M. Multiple congenital anomalies associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment of the mother. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:971-3.
  • Mogadam M, Dobbins WO, 3rd, Korelitz BI, Ahmed SW. Pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of sulfasalazine and corticosteroids on fetal outcome. Gastro- enterology. 1981;80:72-6.
  • Silman A, Kay A, Brennan P. Timing of pregnancy in relation to the onset of rheuma- toid arthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism. 1992;35:152-5.
  • Barrett JH, Brennan P, Fiddler M, Silman AJ. Does rheumatoid arthritis remit dur- ing pregnancy and relapse postpartum? Results from a nationwide study in the United Kingdom performed prospectively from late pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1219-27. 14. Ostensen M, Fuhrer L, Mathieu R, Seitz M, Villiger PM. A prospective study of pregnant patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis using validated clinical instruments. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1212-7.
  • Branski D, Kerem E, Gross-Kieselstein E, Hurvitz H, Litt R, Abrahamov A. Bloody di- arrhea--a possible complication of sulfasalazine transferred through human breast milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986;5:316-7.

Romatoid artrit ve gebelik: 15 olgu sunumu

Year 2014, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 116 - 119, 01.10.2014

Abstract

Amaç: Romatoid artrit RA , yetişkin populasyonun yaklaşık %1-2’sinde görülmekte olup, kadınlarda görülme sıklığı, erkeklerden fazladır. RA’lı kadınların önemli bir kısmı da reprodüktif çağdadır. RA’nın aktivitesi gebelikte genellikle azalırken, bir kısmında ise semptomlar daha da kötüleşir. RA tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların, gebelik üzerine etkisi tam bilinmediğinden dolayı, gebelik sürecinde hastalığın tedavisi tartışmalıdır. Bu yazıda amacımız, kliniğimiz de gebelik ve RA tanıları ile takip edilen olguların antenatal ve postnatal dönemdeki klinik özelliklerinin irdelenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya RA tanısıyla takip edilen 15 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Gebelik öncesi kullanılan tedavi kesilmiş ve hastalar sadece prednol ve parasetamol almıştır. Bu sürede gebelerin takibi aynı klinisyen tarafından yapılmıştır. Ultrasonografi ile seri fetal ölçümler ve 3. trimestırda non-reaktif stres NST testi yapıldı. Gebelik boyunca her ay RA açısından klinik muayene yapıldı. Ayrıca her ay laboratuvar testlerinden tam kan sayımı, biokimya ile eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı ESH ve C-reaktif protein CRP çalışıldı. İstatiksel analiz SPPS 17.0 programı ile yapıldı.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 26.7 ± 1.2 20-32 idi. Onbeş, hastanın ondördünde gebelik öncesinde RA mevcut iken, sadece bir tanesi hamilelik döneminde yeni tanı almıştır. Oniki RA’lı gebede semptomlar düzelirken, ikisinde şiddetlendiği gözlenmiştir. Gebelikte yeni tanı alan RA hastasına perinatal dönemde prednol ve sadece ağrı kesici olarak parasetamol verilirken, postpartum dönemde sulfasalazin başlanmıştır. Postpartum dönemde onbir hastada semptomlar yeniden şiddetlendi ve bunlara sulfasalazin başlandı. RA semptomları gebelikte azalan olgularda laboratuvar bulgularının gebelik haftası ilerledikçe azaldığı görülürken, klinik bulguların da aynı şekilde gerilediği izlenmiştir. ESH ve CRP ile hassas eklem sayısı ve şiş eklem sayısı arasında pozitif korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir r= 0.678, p: 0.02 .Sonuç: RA’sı olan hastalara gebelik öncesinde kullandıkları ilaçların gebelikte zararlı olabileceği ve gebelik döneminde semptomların değişebileceği hakkında danışmanlık verilmelidir. RA’sı olan gebeler, gebelik döneminde yakından takip edilerek semptomlara yönelik tedavi uygulanmalıdır. Postpartum dönemde semptomların yeniden şiddetlenebileceği akılda tutulmalı ve hastalar bu konuda uyarılmalıdır. Ayrıca gebelik öncesi metotreksat kullanan hastalara emzirme döneminde de bu ilacın kontrendike olduğu anlatılmalıdır ve bunun yerine diğer ilaçlar düşünülmelidir.

References

  • Dugowson CE, Koepsell TD, Voigt LF, Bley L, Nelson JL, Daling JR. Rheumatoid ar- thritis in women. Incidence rates in group health cooperative, Seattle, Washington, 1987-1989. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1502-7.
  • Doria A, Iaccarino L, Arienti S, Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Rampudda ME, et al. Th2 immune deviation induced by pregnancy: the two faces of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Reprod Toxicol. 2006;22:234-41.
  • Ostensen M, Forger F, Nelson JL, Schuhmacher A, Hebisch G, Villiger PM. Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic disease: anti-inflammatory cytokines increase in preg- nancy and decrease post partum. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2005;64:839- 44.
  • Gayed M, Gordon C. Pregnancy and rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1634-40.
  • Pope RM, Yoshinoya S, Rutstein J, Persellin RH. Effect of pregnancy on immune complexes and rheumatoid factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 1983;74:973-9.
  • Klipple GL, Cecere FA. Rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1989;15:213-39.
  • Nelson JL, Ostensen M. Pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1997;23:195-212.
  • Belcher C, Doherty M, Crouch SP. Synovial fluid neutrophil function in RA: the effect of pregnancy associated proteins. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61:379-80.
  • Ostensen M, Khamashta M, Lockshin M, Parke A, Brucato A, Carp H, et al. Anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8:209.
  • Buckley LM, Bullaboy CA, Leichtman L, Marquez M. Multiple congenital anomalies associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment of the mother. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:971-3.
  • Mogadam M, Dobbins WO, 3rd, Korelitz BI, Ahmed SW. Pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of sulfasalazine and corticosteroids on fetal outcome. Gastro- enterology. 1981;80:72-6.
  • Silman A, Kay A, Brennan P. Timing of pregnancy in relation to the onset of rheuma- toid arthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism. 1992;35:152-5.
  • Barrett JH, Brennan P, Fiddler M, Silman AJ. Does rheumatoid arthritis remit dur- ing pregnancy and relapse postpartum? Results from a nationwide study in the United Kingdom performed prospectively from late pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1219-27. 14. Ostensen M, Fuhrer L, Mathieu R, Seitz M, Villiger PM. A prospective study of pregnant patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis using validated clinical instruments. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1212-7.
  • Branski D, Kerem E, Gross-Kieselstein E, Hurvitz H, Litt R, Abrahamov A. Bloody di- arrhea--a possible complication of sulfasalazine transferred through human breast milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986;5:316-7.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Atilla Karateke This is me

Raziye Keskin Kurt This is me

Hacer Paksoy This is me

Abdullah Erman Yağız This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Karateke A, Keskin Kurt R, Paksoy H, Yağız AE. Romatoid artrit ve gebelik: 15 olgu sunumu. JGON. 2014;11(4):116-9.