Obezite ve Duygusal Yeme Eğilimi

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 38 - 44, 30.04.2025

Meryem Özdemir Petek

Abstract

Obezite; kişilerde sağlığı bozacak ölçüde ağırlık artışı ve paralelinde vücut yağ oranının artışı ile tanımlanan çağımızın küresel bir halk sağlığı problemidir. İnsan yaşamını fazlasıyla etkileyen obezitenin nedenleri irdelendiğinde hem fizyolojik hem de psikolojik birçok neden sıralanmaktadır. Duygusal yeme davranışı da fiziksel açlıktan ziyade olumsuz duygulara yanıt olarak ortaya çıkan yeme ya da yememe davranışıdır. Araştırmalara göre, karbonhidrat ve yağ içeriği yüksek gıdalar, beynin serotonin seviyelerini artırarak stresin azalmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ancak, bu süreç bireylerde rahatlama sağlarken uzun vadede obezite riskini artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, diyet yapan bireylerde, kısıtlayıcı beslenme alışkanlıklarının duygusal yeme davranışını tetiklediği ve kilo kontrolünü zorlaştırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Stres ve duygusal yemenin obezite üzerindeki etkileri dikkate alındığında, bu davranışların yönetimi obezite tedavisinin kritik bir parçası olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda multidisipliner yaklaşımların, özellikle diyetisyen, psikolog ve psikiyatri uzmanlarının iş birliği ile tedavi etkinliğinin artabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, stres yönetimine yönelik destekleyici müdahalelerin ve sağlıklı yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarının teşvik edilmesi önerilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı; obezite ve duygusal yeme arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu durumun yaygınlığını anlayarak, planlanacak araştırmalar için güncel literatür ışığında bir ön bilgi sunmaktır.

Keywords

Obezite , Duygusal Yeme , Stres

OBESİTY AND EMOTİONAL EATİNG TENDENCY

Abstract

Obesity is a global public health problem of our age, defined as weight gain that impairs health and an increase in body fat. When the causes of obesity, which greatly affects human life, are examined, many physiological and psychological reasons are listed. Emotional eating behavior is the behavior of eating or not eating that occurs in response to negative emotions rather than physical hunger. According to research, foods with high carbohydrate and fat content contribute to the reduction of stress by increasing the brain's serotonin levels. However, while this process provides relaxation in individuals, it increases the risk of obesity in the long term. In addition, it has been observed that restrictive eating habits trigger emotional eating behavior and make weight control difficult in individuals who are on a diet. Considering the effects of stress and emotional eating on obesity, the management of these behaviors is considered a critical part of obesity treatment. In this context, it is thought that multidisciplinary approaches, especially the collaboration of dietitians, psychologists and psychiatrists, can increase the effectiveness of treatment. In addition, it is recommended that supportive interventions for stress management and healthy lifestyle habits be encouraged. The purpose of this review; The aim of this study is to provide preliminary information for planned research in the light of current literature by understanding the relationship between obesity and emotional eating and the prevalence of this condition.

Keywords

obesity , emotional eating , stress

References

• İnalkaç S, Arslantaş H. Duygusal yeme. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2018;27(1):70-82.
• Berberoğlu Z, Hocaoglu C. Küresel sağlık sorunu ‘obezite’: Güncel bir gözden geçirme. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2021;8(3):543-52.
• Konttinen H. Emotional eating and obesity in adults: the role of depression, sleep and genes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2020;79(3):283-9.
• Grajek M, Krupa-Kotara K, Białek-Dratwa A, Staśkiewicz W, Rozmiarek M, Misterska E, et al. Prevalence of emotional eating in groups of students with varied diets and physical activity in Poland. Nutrients. 2022;14(16):3289.
• Wong L, Zafari N, Churilov L, Stammers L, Price S, Ekinci EI, et al. Change in emotional eating after bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJS open. 2020;4(6):995-1014.
• Köse G. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yeme Farkındalığının Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Anabilim Dalı: Doktora Tezi; 2017.
• Mohammed MS, Sendra S, Lloret J, Bosch I. Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity. Journal of Healthcare Engineering. 2018;2018:1564748.
• WHO. Obezite: World Health Organization; 2018 [Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/3420.
• TÜİK. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2022 [Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Health-Survey-2022-49747.
• Yılmaz M, Kundakçı GA, Uyanık G, Ongan D, Sarı HY, Akay N, et al. İlkokul Öğrencilerinde Obezite, Fiziksel Aktivite ve Özetkililik-Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Ahi Evran Medical Journal. 2022;6(2):174-83.
• Hill D, Conner M, Clancy F, Moss R, Wilding S, Bristow M, et al. Stress and eating behaviours in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review. 2022;16(2):280-304.
• Wheatley SD, Whitaker MJ. Why do people overeat? Hunger, psychological eating and type 2 diabetes. Practical Diabetes. 2019;36(4):136-9e.
• Limbers CA, Summers E. Emotional eating and weight status in adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(3):991.
• Paans NPG, Bot M, van Strien T, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Penninx B. Eating styles in major depressive disorder: Results from a large-scale study. J Psychiatr Res. 2018;97:38-46.
• Roth AM, Gruber JR, Reif A, Schultze M, Matura S. Exploring Weight-Related Self-Monitoring as a Potential Risk Factor for Eating Disorder Symptoms in Adults–A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite. 2024:107610.
• Herman CP, Polivy J. Anxiety, restraint, and eating behavior. Journal of abnormal psychology. 1975;84(6):666.
• Heatherton TF, Herman CP, Polivy J. Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1991;60(1):138.
• Herman-Edelstein M, Weinstein T, Chagnac A, editors. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical management. Seminars in nephrology; 2021: Elsevier.
• Ceruso A, Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M, Peters-Corbett A, Diaz-Gutierrez MJ, MartínezCengotitabengoa M. Alterations of the HPA axis observed in patients with major depressive disorder and their relation to early life stress: a systematic review. Neuropsychobiology. 2020;79(6):417-27.
• Zerón-Rugerio MF, Doblas-Faxeda S, Diez-Hernández M, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Are emotional eating and other eating behaviors the missing link in the relationship between inadequate sleep and obesity? a systematic review. Nutrients. 2023;15(10):2286.
• Girgin E. Obez bireylerde duygusal yeme davranışının beslenme durumuna etkisi: İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2018.
• Vittengl JR. Mediation of the bidirectional relations between obesity and depression among women. Psychiatry Res. 2018;264:254-9.
• Kaplan HI, Kaplan HS. The psychosomatic concept of obesity. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1957;125(2):181-201.
• Leeds J, Keith R, Woloshynowych M. Food and Mood: Exploring the determinants of food choices and the effects of food consumption on mood among women in Inner London. World Nutrition. 2020;11(1):68- 96.
• Muth A-K, Park SQ. The impact of dietary macronutrient intake on cognitive function and the brain. Clinical Nutrition. 2021;40(6):3999-4010.
• Morys F, García-García I, Dagher A. Is obesity related to enhanced neural reactivity to visual food cues? A review and meta-analysis. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience. 2023;18(1):nsaa113.
• Braden A, Musher-Eizenman D, Watford T, Emley E. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: are emotional eating types associated with unique psychological and physical health correlates? Appetite. 2018;125:410-7.
• Azevedo LDS, de Souza APL, Ferreira IMS, Lima DWdC, Pessa RP. Binge eating and alcohol consumption: an integrative review. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2021;26:759-69.
• Greeno CG, Wing RR. Stress-induced eating. Psychological bulletin. 1994;115(3):444.
• Chua JL, Touyz S, Hill A. Negative mood-induced overeating in obese binge eaters: an experimental study. International Journal of Obesity. 2004;28(4):606-10.
• Tomiyama AJ. Stress and obesity. Annual review of psychology. 2019;70(1):703-18.
• Anderson YC, Wynter LE, Moller KR, Cave TL, Dolan GM, Grant CC, et al. The effect of a multidisciplinary obesity intervention compared to usual practice in those ready to make lifestyle changes: design and rationale of Whanau Pakari. BMC obesity. 2015;2:1-10.
• Skolmowska D, Głąbska D, Guzek D. Body mass and emotional eating: emotional eater questionnaire (EEQ) in the Polish adolescents’ COVID-19 experience (PLACE-19) study. Nutrients. 2022;14(4):828.
• Calderón-Asenjo RE, Jalk-Muñoz MC, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Ramos-Vera C, Saintila J. Association between emotional eating, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, and mental and physical health in young adults. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2022:2845-59.
• Pacheco LS, Blanco E, Burrows R, Correa-Burrows P, Santos JL, Gahagan S. Eating behavior and body composition in Chilean young adults. Appetite. 2021;156:104857.
• Czepczor-Bernat K, Brytek-Matera A. The impact of food-related behaviours and emotional functioning on body mass index in an adult sample. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2021;26:323-9.
• Guerrini-Usubini A, Cattivelli R, Scarpa A, Musetti A, Varallo G, Franceschini C, et al. The interplay between emotion dysregulation, psychological distress, emotional eating, and weight status: A path model. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. 2023;23(1):100338.
• Madalı B, Alkan ŞB, Örs ED, Ayrancı M, Taşkın H, Kara HH. Emotional eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2021;46:264-70.
• Varela C, Andrés A, Saldaña C. The behavioral pathway model to overweight and obesity: coping strategies, eating behaviors and body mass index. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2020;25(5):1277-83.
• Van Strien T. Causes of Emotional Eating and Matched Treatment of Obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(6):35-.