Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Effect of Scapula Stabilization Exercises On Clavicle Mobility In Adolescent Girls

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 86 - 95
https://doi.org/10.63695/jhscr.1650328

Abstract

Purpose
The study was planned to research the effects of the scapula stabilization exercises on the elevation of the clavicle movements.
Method
40 healthy female adolescents participated in the study. The age of the study participants was recorded as (13.10±0.79 years). The participants were divided into two groups alternately. The intervention group is offered scapula stabilization exercise training and a physical activity program. There is a physical activity program for the control group. The groups are provided exercise programs three days a week for eight weeks. The clavicle mobility of the experienced was evaluated before and after the study. To measure the mobility of the clavicle, the Video Analysis Method was used. The angular changes of the clavicle were measured on the frontal and the scapular plane during arm elevation.
Results
After the scapula stabilization exercise program in the intervention group, the greatest increase was seen in the left clavicular elevation on the scapular plane during elevation of the arm (p<0.05). During the elevation of the arm on the frontal plane, an increase was observed in the right and left clavicular elevation (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Scapula stabilization exercises may affect clavicle mobility. According to this study, the changes seen in clavicle movement occur most during the elevation of the arm on the front plane. In shoulder-oriented exercise programs, it is recommended to evaluate the clavicle mobility occurring at different angles of arm elevation.

References

  • Pink, M. M., & Perry, J.. Operative techniques in upper extremity sports injuries. Biomechanics of the shoulder. St. Louis: Mosby, 1996;10-124.
  • Alt Murphy M, Murphy S, Persson HC, Bergström UB, Sunnerhagen KS. Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments. J Vis Exp [Internet]. 2018 Mar 28;(133). Available from: https://app.jove.com/t/57228
  • Bury J, West M, Chamorro-Moriana G, Littlewood C. Effectiveness of scapula-focused approaches in patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Man Ther [Internet]. 2016 Sep;25:35–42. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1356689X16303629
  • Fung M, Kato S, Barrance PJ, Elias JJ, McFarland EG, Nobuhara K, et al. Scapular and clavicular kinematics during humeral elevation: A study with cadavers. J Shoulder Elb Surg. [Internet].2001May;10(3):278–85. Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1058274601481006
  • Teece RM, Lunden JB, Lloyd AS, Kaiser AP, Cieminski CJ, Ludewig PM. Three-Dimensional Acromioclavicular Joint Motions During Elevation of the Arm. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther [Internet]. 2008 Apr;38(4):181–90. Available from: http://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2008.2386
  • McClure PW, Michener LA, Sennett BJ, Karduna AR. Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. J Shoulder ElbSurg[Internet].2001May;10(3):269– 77.Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1058274601106178
  • Ebaugh DD, McClure PW, Karduna AR. Three-dimensional scapulothoracic motion during active and passive arm elevation. Clin Biomech [Internet]. 2005 Aug;20(7):700–9.Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026800330500077X
  • Pronk GM, van der Helm FCT, Rozendaal LA. Interaction between the Joints in the Shoulder Mechanism: The Function of the Costoclavicular, Conoid and Trapezoid Ligaments. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H J Eng Med [Internet]. 1993 Dec 5;207(4):219–29. Availablefrom: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1993_207_300_02
  • Rasyid, H. N., Nakajima, T., Hamada, K., & Fukuda, H. (2000). Winging of the scapula caused by disruption of “sternoclaviculoscapular linkage”: report of 2 cases. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 9(2), 144-147.
  • Ludewig, P. M., & Borstad, J. D. (2003). Effects of a home exercise programme on shoulder pain and functional status in construction workers. Occupational and environmental medicine, 60(11), 841-849.
  • Park SJ, Kim SH, Kim SH. Effects of Thoracic Mobilization and Extension Exercise on Thoracic Alignment and Shoulder Function in Patients with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Healthcare [Internet]. 2020 Sep 2;8(3):316. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/3/316
  • Park SE, Kim YR, Kim YY. Immediate effects of scapular stabilizing exercise in chronic stroke patient with winging and elevated scapula: a case study. J Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2018;30(1):190–3. Availablefrom: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpts/30/1/30_jpts-2017-378/_article
  • Nodehi Moghadam A, Abdi K, Shati M, Noorizadeh Dehkordi S, Keshtkar AA, Mosallanezhad Z. The Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy on Scapular Position and Motion in Individuals With Scapular Dyskinesis: Systematic Review Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc [Internet]. 2017 Dec 13;6(12):e240. Available from: http://www.researchprotocols.org/2017/12/e240/
  • Castelein B, Cagnie B, Parlevliet T, Cools A. Superficial and Deep Scapulothoracic Muscle Electromyographic Activity During Elevation Exercises in the Scapular Plane. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther [Internet]. 2016 Mar;46(3):184–93. Available from: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2016.5927
  • Tamimi N, Mintarto E, Widya K. N. The Effect Of Wıde Push-Up Exercıse And Narrow Push-Up Exercıse Agaınst Strength, Power, And Endurance. JIPES - J Indones Phys Educ Sport [Internet]. 2017 Dec 28;3(2):70–83. Available from: http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/jipes/article/view/6011
  • Harput G, Güney Deniz H, Düzgün İ. Upper to Middle Trapezius Muscle Activation Ratio During Scapular Retraction Exercise at Different Shoulder Abduction Angles. Türk Fiz ve Rehabil Derg [Internet]. 2017 Dec 15;28(3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.21653/tfrd.360019
  • Karduna AR, McClure PW, Michener LA, Sennett B. Dynamic Measurements of Three-Dimensional Scapular Kinematics: A Validation Study. J Biomech Eng [Internet].2001Apr1;123(2):184– 90.Availablefrom: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/biomechanical/article/123/2/184/446711/DynamicMeasurements of-ThreeDimensional-Scapular
  • McClure PW, Bialker J, Neff N, Williams G, Karduna A. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional kinematics in people with shoulder impingement syndrome before and after a 6-week exercise program. Phys Ther [Internet]. 2004 Sep;84(9):832–48. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15330696
  • Camargo PR, Phadke V, Zanca GG, Ludewig PM. Concurrent validity of inclinometer measures of scapular and clavicular positions in arm elevation. Physiother Theory Pract [Internet]. 2018Feb1;34(2):121–30. Availablefrom: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09593985.2017.1370753
  • Inman VT, Saunders JB. Observations on the function of the clavicle. Calif Med [Internet]. 1946Oct;65(4):158–66. Availablefrom: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18731101
  • Gutierrez Delgado G, De Beule M, Ortega Cardentey DR, Segers P, Iznaga Benítez AM, Rodríguez Moliner T, et al. Procedure to describe clavicular motion. J Shoulder ElbSurg [Internet]. 2017Mar;26(3):490–6. Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1058274616304104
  • Meskers CGM, Vermeulen HM, de Groot JH, van der Helm FCT, Rozing PM. 3D shoulder position measurements using a six-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic tracking device. Clin Biomech [Internet]. 1998 Jun;13(4–5):280–92. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0268003398000953
  • Ludewig PM, Behrens SA, Meyer SM, Spoden SM, Wilson LA. Three-Dimensional Clavicular Motion During Arm Elevation: Reliability and Descriptive Data. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther [Internet]. 2004 Mar;34(3):140–9. Available from: http://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2004.34.3.140
  • Sahara W, Sugamoto K, Murai M, Tanaka H, Yoshikawa H. 3D kinematic analysis of the acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction using vertically open MRI. J Orthop Res [Internet]. 2006Sep;24(9):1823–31. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jor.20208
  • Graichen H, Stammberger T, Bonel H, Haubner M, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, et al. Magnetic Resonance Based Motion Analysis of the Shoulder During Elevation. Clin Orthop Relat Res [Internet]. 2000 Jan;370:154–63. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00003086-200001000-00014
  • Oyama S, Myers JB, Wassinger CA, Lephart SM. Three-Dimensional Scapular and Clavicular Kinematics and Scapular Muscle Activity During Retraction Exercises. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 2010 Mar;40(3):169–79. Available from: http://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2010.3018
  • Muanchat, T., Sae-Lee, D., Bumrerraj, S., Paungmali, A., Mator, L., Wanpen, S., & Boonprakob, Y.. Comparative study of therapeutic effect between scapular stabilized and general exercise in the fourth year’s dental students, Faculty of Dentistry, K. Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 2017. 50(3),553. https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bulletinAMS/article/view/97152
  • Seidi F, Rajabi R, Ebrahimi I, Alizadeh MH, Minoonejad H. The efficiency of corrective exercise interventions on thoracic hyper-kyphosis angle. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil [Internet]. 2014 Jan 28;27(1):7–16. Available from: https://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233/BMR-130411
  • Tonon A, Pozzo R, Pollastri S, Centemeri R, Mochizuki L. Analysis of Muscle Recruitment Patterns During Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises With and Without Elastic Resistance. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2025;25(2):160-171. doi:10.22540/JMNI-25-160
  • Mun WL, Jung EY, Lei S, Roh SY. Scapular Muscle Activation at Different Shoulder Abduction Angles During Pilates Reformer Arm Work Exercise. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(4):645. Published 2025 Apr 1. doi:10.3390/medicina61040645
  • Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system. Mosby 2002. 91-132 p.

Kız Adölesanlarda Skapula Stabilizasyon Egzersizlerinin Klavikula Hareketliliğine Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 86 - 95
https://doi.org/10.63695/jhscr.1650328

Abstract

Amaç
Çalışma, skapula stabilizasyon egzersizlerinin klavikula elevasyon hareketlerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla planlandı.
Yöntem
Çalışmaya 40 sağlıklı kız adölesan birey katıldı. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması (13.10±0.79 yıl) olarak kaydedildi. Bireyler rastgele yöntemle iki gruba ayrıldı. Müdahale grubuna skapula stabilizasyon egzersiz eğitimi ve fiziksel aktivite programı uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna fiziksel aktivite programı uygulandı. Gruplara sekiz hafta boyunca haftada üç gün egzersiz programları uygulandı. Bireylerin klavikula hareketliliği çalışma öncesi ve sonrası değerlendirildi. Klavikula hareketliliğini ölçmek için Video Analiz Yöntemi kullanıldı. Klavikulanın açısal değişiklikleri omuzun frontal ve skapular düzlem elevasyonu sırasında analiz edildi.
Bulgular
Müdahale grubunda skapula stabilizasyon egzersiz programı sonrasında kolun skapular düzlem elevasyonu sırasında en fazla sol klavikular elevasyonda artış görüldü (p<0.05). Kolun frontal düzlem elevasyonu sırasında sağ ve sol klavikular elevasyonda artış görüldü (p<0.05).
Sonuç
Skapula stabilizasyon egzersizleri klavikula hareketliliğine etki edebilir. Bu çalışma sonuçlarına göre, klavikula hareketliliğinde görülen değişiklikler en çok kolun frontal düzlem elevasyonu sırasında gerçekleşir. Omuza yönelik egzersiz programlarında kol elevasyonunun farklı açılarında oluşan klavikula hareketliliğininde değerlendirilmesi önerilir.

References

  • Pink, M. M., & Perry, J.. Operative techniques in upper extremity sports injuries. Biomechanics of the shoulder. St. Louis: Mosby, 1996;10-124.
  • Alt Murphy M, Murphy S, Persson HC, Bergström UB, Sunnerhagen KS. Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments. J Vis Exp [Internet]. 2018 Mar 28;(133). Available from: https://app.jove.com/t/57228
  • Bury J, West M, Chamorro-Moriana G, Littlewood C. Effectiveness of scapula-focused approaches in patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Man Ther [Internet]. 2016 Sep;25:35–42. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1356689X16303629
  • Fung M, Kato S, Barrance PJ, Elias JJ, McFarland EG, Nobuhara K, et al. Scapular and clavicular kinematics during humeral elevation: A study with cadavers. J Shoulder Elb Surg. [Internet].2001May;10(3):278–85. Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1058274601481006
  • Teece RM, Lunden JB, Lloyd AS, Kaiser AP, Cieminski CJ, Ludewig PM. Three-Dimensional Acromioclavicular Joint Motions During Elevation of the Arm. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther [Internet]. 2008 Apr;38(4):181–90. Available from: http://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2008.2386
  • McClure PW, Michener LA, Sennett BJ, Karduna AR. Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. J Shoulder ElbSurg[Internet].2001May;10(3):269– 77.Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1058274601106178
  • Ebaugh DD, McClure PW, Karduna AR. Three-dimensional scapulothoracic motion during active and passive arm elevation. Clin Biomech [Internet]. 2005 Aug;20(7):700–9.Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026800330500077X
  • Pronk GM, van der Helm FCT, Rozendaal LA. Interaction between the Joints in the Shoulder Mechanism: The Function of the Costoclavicular, Conoid and Trapezoid Ligaments. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H J Eng Med [Internet]. 1993 Dec 5;207(4):219–29. Availablefrom: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1993_207_300_02
  • Rasyid, H. N., Nakajima, T., Hamada, K., & Fukuda, H. (2000). Winging of the scapula caused by disruption of “sternoclaviculoscapular linkage”: report of 2 cases. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 9(2), 144-147.
  • Ludewig, P. M., & Borstad, J. D. (2003). Effects of a home exercise programme on shoulder pain and functional status in construction workers. Occupational and environmental medicine, 60(11), 841-849.
  • Park SJ, Kim SH, Kim SH. Effects of Thoracic Mobilization and Extension Exercise on Thoracic Alignment and Shoulder Function in Patients with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Healthcare [Internet]. 2020 Sep 2;8(3):316. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/3/316
  • Park SE, Kim YR, Kim YY. Immediate effects of scapular stabilizing exercise in chronic stroke patient with winging and elevated scapula: a case study. J Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2018;30(1):190–3. Availablefrom: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpts/30/1/30_jpts-2017-378/_article
  • Nodehi Moghadam A, Abdi K, Shati M, Noorizadeh Dehkordi S, Keshtkar AA, Mosallanezhad Z. The Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy on Scapular Position and Motion in Individuals With Scapular Dyskinesis: Systematic Review Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc [Internet]. 2017 Dec 13;6(12):e240. Available from: http://www.researchprotocols.org/2017/12/e240/
  • Castelein B, Cagnie B, Parlevliet T, Cools A. Superficial and Deep Scapulothoracic Muscle Electromyographic Activity During Elevation Exercises in the Scapular Plane. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther [Internet]. 2016 Mar;46(3):184–93. Available from: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2016.5927
  • Tamimi N, Mintarto E, Widya K. N. The Effect Of Wıde Push-Up Exercıse And Narrow Push-Up Exercıse Agaınst Strength, Power, And Endurance. JIPES - J Indones Phys Educ Sport [Internet]. 2017 Dec 28;3(2):70–83. Available from: http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/jipes/article/view/6011
  • Harput G, Güney Deniz H, Düzgün İ. Upper to Middle Trapezius Muscle Activation Ratio During Scapular Retraction Exercise at Different Shoulder Abduction Angles. Türk Fiz ve Rehabil Derg [Internet]. 2017 Dec 15;28(3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.21653/tfrd.360019
  • Karduna AR, McClure PW, Michener LA, Sennett B. Dynamic Measurements of Three-Dimensional Scapular Kinematics: A Validation Study. J Biomech Eng [Internet].2001Apr1;123(2):184– 90.Availablefrom: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/biomechanical/article/123/2/184/446711/DynamicMeasurements of-ThreeDimensional-Scapular
  • McClure PW, Bialker J, Neff N, Williams G, Karduna A. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional kinematics in people with shoulder impingement syndrome before and after a 6-week exercise program. Phys Ther [Internet]. 2004 Sep;84(9):832–48. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15330696
  • Camargo PR, Phadke V, Zanca GG, Ludewig PM. Concurrent validity of inclinometer measures of scapular and clavicular positions in arm elevation. Physiother Theory Pract [Internet]. 2018Feb1;34(2):121–30. Availablefrom: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09593985.2017.1370753
  • Inman VT, Saunders JB. Observations on the function of the clavicle. Calif Med [Internet]. 1946Oct;65(4):158–66. Availablefrom: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18731101
  • Gutierrez Delgado G, De Beule M, Ortega Cardentey DR, Segers P, Iznaga Benítez AM, Rodríguez Moliner T, et al. Procedure to describe clavicular motion. J Shoulder ElbSurg [Internet]. 2017Mar;26(3):490–6. Availablefrom: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1058274616304104
  • Meskers CGM, Vermeulen HM, de Groot JH, van der Helm FCT, Rozing PM. 3D shoulder position measurements using a six-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic tracking device. Clin Biomech [Internet]. 1998 Jun;13(4–5):280–92. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0268003398000953
  • Ludewig PM, Behrens SA, Meyer SM, Spoden SM, Wilson LA. Three-Dimensional Clavicular Motion During Arm Elevation: Reliability and Descriptive Data. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther [Internet]. 2004 Mar;34(3):140–9. Available from: http://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2004.34.3.140
  • Sahara W, Sugamoto K, Murai M, Tanaka H, Yoshikawa H. 3D kinematic analysis of the acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction using vertically open MRI. J Orthop Res [Internet]. 2006Sep;24(9):1823–31. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jor.20208
  • Graichen H, Stammberger T, Bonel H, Haubner M, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, et al. Magnetic Resonance Based Motion Analysis of the Shoulder During Elevation. Clin Orthop Relat Res [Internet]. 2000 Jan;370:154–63. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00003086-200001000-00014
  • Oyama S, Myers JB, Wassinger CA, Lephart SM. Three-Dimensional Scapular and Clavicular Kinematics and Scapular Muscle Activity During Retraction Exercises. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 2010 Mar;40(3):169–79. Available from: http://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2010.3018
  • Muanchat, T., Sae-Lee, D., Bumrerraj, S., Paungmali, A., Mator, L., Wanpen, S., & Boonprakob, Y.. Comparative study of therapeutic effect between scapular stabilized and general exercise in the fourth year’s dental students, Faculty of Dentistry, K. Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 2017. 50(3),553. https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bulletinAMS/article/view/97152
  • Seidi F, Rajabi R, Ebrahimi I, Alizadeh MH, Minoonejad H. The efficiency of corrective exercise interventions on thoracic hyper-kyphosis angle. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil [Internet]. 2014 Jan 28;27(1):7–16. Available from: https://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233/BMR-130411
  • Tonon A, Pozzo R, Pollastri S, Centemeri R, Mochizuki L. Analysis of Muscle Recruitment Patterns During Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises With and Without Elastic Resistance. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2025;25(2):160-171. doi:10.22540/JMNI-25-160
  • Mun WL, Jung EY, Lei S, Roh SY. Scapular Muscle Activation at Different Shoulder Abduction Angles During Pilates Reformer Arm Work Exercise. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(4):645. Published 2025 Apr 1. doi:10.3390/medicina61040645
  • Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system. Mosby 2002. 91-132 p.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physiotherapy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gönül Elpeze

Günseli Usgu 0000-0003-4269-5210

Early Pub Date August 22, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date March 3, 2025
Acceptance Date August 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Elpeze G, Usgu G. Kız Adölesanlarda Skapula Stabilizasyon Egzersizlerinin Klavikula Hareketliliğine Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Klinik Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;4(2):86-95.