Fitoterapide kullanılan bazı fitokimyasalların toplum sağlığına etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 95 - 105, 30.12.2018

Deniz Özkan Vardar , Salih Mollahaliloğlu Dilek Öztaş

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.480881

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Günümüzde bitkisel ürünlerin güvenli olduğu düşüncesiyle birçok hastalığın tedavisinde veya önlenmesinde kullanımlarının artığı gözlenmektedir. Özellikle bitkisel ürünlerin içeriğinde bulunan birçok fenolik bileşenin insanda birçok metabolik faaliyete neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak bitkisel ürünlerin toksisiteleri ile ilgili oldukça az çalışma bulunması bitkisel ilaçların güvenliklerini azaltmakta ve insanlar için tehlikeli bir durum oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle kontrollerinin yetersiz olması ve bu bitkisel ürünlere kolayca erişilebilme durumunun artması insan sağlığını oldukça etkilemektedir. Bu derleme kapsamında, günümüzde özellikle halk arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan fenolik bileşiklerden kurkumin ve timokinon kullanımları sonucu oluşabilecek etkileri incelenmiştir. 

Keywords

kurkumin, timokinon, fenolik bileşenler, fitoterapi

Examining the effects of phytochemicals used in phytotherapy on public health

Abstract

The use of herbal products in treatment or prevention of diseases has been on the rise as herbal products are considered safe. Particularly several phenolic components of herbal products are thought to cause metabolical activities in humans. However, the scarce number of studies conducted on the toxicity of herbal products cause a decrease in the safety of herbal drugs which creates danger for humans. Insufficient controls and the increase of easy access to herbal products affect human health significantly. Within the scope of this review, the effects of curcumin and thymokinon treatment on phenolic compounds, which are commonly used among the public, have been investigated

Keywords

curcumin, thymokinon, phenolic compounds, phytotheraphy

References

• 1. Izzo AA, Di Carlo G, Borrelli F, Ernst E. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and herbal medicines: the risk of drug interaction. Int J Cardiol 2005;98(1):1-14. 2. Sert E, Sert A, Kalaycı MZ, Sakarya AA, Yüksel ŞB. Ağız ve diş sağlığı’nda fitoterapinin yeri. Integr Tıp Derg. 2015; 3(2): 35-40.3. Sarışen Ö, Çalışkan D. Fitoterapi: bitkilerle tedaviye dikkat. Sted Dergisi, 2005; 14/8: 182-187.4. Nathan M, Scholten R. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Ann Intern Med. ;130:459. 5. Friedman JM: Teratology society: presentation to the FDA public meeting on safety issues associated with the use of dietary supplements during pregnancy. Teratology 2000; 62: 134-7. 6. Wal P, Wal A, Gupta S, Sharma G, Rai A. Pharmacovigilance of herbal products in India. J Young Pharm 2011; 3: 256-8. 7. Izzo AA, Di Carlo G, Borrelli F, Ernst E. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and herbal medicines: the risk of drug interaction. Int J Cardiol 2005; 98(1): 1-14. 8. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Li CG, Chen X, Yu X, Xue CC, et al. Identification of drugs that interact with herbs in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2007;12(15-16):664-73. 9. Abebe W. An overview of herbal supplement utilization with particular emphasis on possible interactions with dental drugs and oral manifestations. J Dent Hyg 2003;77(1):37-4610. Williamson E, Driver S, Baxter K. [Stockley’s Herbal Medicines Interactions (General Considerations, Aloe vera, Echinacea, Flaxseed, Garlic, Ginkgo, Ginseng, Liquorice, Senna, St John’s wort, Valerian)]. 1st ed. Londra:Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p.1-11, 24-6, 167-70, 195-6; 198-203, 207-18, 219-25, 272-6, 349- 52, 360-80, 394-7. 11. Bacanlı M, Bitkisel Kaynaklı Fenolik Yapıdaki Bileşiklerin Olası Sitotoksik ve Genotoksik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2014.12. Sparreboom A, Cox CM, Acharya RM, Figg DW. Herbal remedies in the United States: potential adverse interactions with anticancer agents. J Clin Oncol, 2004; 22(12): 2489-503.13. Fasinu PS, Bouic PJ, Rosenkranz B. An overview of the evidence and mechanisms of herb-drug interactions. Front Pharmacol, 2012; 3: 1-19.14. What is complementary and alternative medicine? National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam.15. McCarty R L, Weber W J, Loots B, Breuner C C, Stoep A V, Manhart L, Pihoker C. Complementary and alternative medicine use and quality of life in pediatric diabetes. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2010; 16: 165-173.16. Muslu, G, K. ve Öztürk, C. Tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedaviler ve çocuklarda kullanımı. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008; 51: 62-7.17. Gooneratne NS. Complementary and alternative medicine for sleep disturbances in older adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2008; 24: 121-818. Dokken D, Sydnor-Greenberg N. Exploring complementary and alternative medicine in pediatrics: parents and professionals working together for new understanding. Pediatric Nursing 2000: 26; 1-15. 19. Moquin B, Blackman M R, Mitty E, Flores S. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Geriatric Nursing 2009: 30; 196-203.20. Lu Y, Hernandez P, Abegunde D, Edejar T. The World Medicines Situation 2011. Medicine Expenditures (3. bs.). Geneva: 2011: WHO Press.21. Ceylan S, Azal Ö, Taşlipinar A, Türker T. Complementary and alternative medicine use among Turkish diabetes patients. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2009: 17;78-83.22. Haliloğlu B, İşgüven P, Yıldız M, Arslanoğlu İ, Ergüven M. Complementary and alternative medicine in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 2011: 3; 139-143.23. Arykan D, Sivrikaya SK, Olgun N. Complementary and alternative medicine use in children with type I diabetes mellitus in Erzurum, Turkey. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2008:18; 2136-2144. 24. Ceylan S, Hamzaoğlu O, Kömürcü S, Beyan C, Yalçin. A. Survey of the use of complementary and alternative medicine among Turkish cancer patients. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2002: 10; 94-9925. Isikhan V, Komurcu S, Ozet A, Arpacı F, Ozturk B, Balbay O. ve ark. The status of alternative treatment in cancer patients in Turkey. Cancer Nursing 2005: 28; 355-362 26. Akıncı AC, Zengin N, Yildiz H, Sener E, Gunaydin B. The complementary and alternative medicine use among asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the southern region of Turkey. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011:17; 571-582.27. Tumen I, Süntar I, Keleş H, Küpeli Akkol E. A therapeutic approch for wound healing by using essential oils of cupressus and juniperus species growing in Turkey. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012: Article ID 728281; 7 pages28. Akyol A D, Yildirim Y, Toker E, Yavuz B. The use of complementary and alternative medicine among chronic renal failure patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2011:20; 1035-43.29. Isikhan V, Komurcu S, Ozet A, Arpac F, Ozturk B, Balbay O. ve ark. The status of alternative treatment in cancer patients in Turkey. Cancer Nursing 2005: 28; 355-362 30. Robinson MM, Zhang, X. The World Medicines Situation Traditional Medicines: Global Situation, Issues and Challenges. Geneva: WHO Press 201131. Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary and Alternative Medicines. Spring House: Springhouse Corporation 1999.32. Lim A, Cranswick N, South M, Adverse events associated with the use of complementary and alternative medicine in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2011:96; 297-300. 33. Li S, Han Q, Qiao C, Song C, Lung C, Xu C. Chemical markers for the quality control of herbal medicines: An overview. Chines Medicine 2008: 3; 1-16. 34. Khan MSA, Ahmad I. Chapter 1-Herbal Medicine: Current Trends and Future Prospects, Editor(s): Khan MSA, Ahmad I, Chattopadhyay D. New Look to Phytomedicine, Academic Press 2019: 3-13.35. Fasinu P S, Bouic PJ, Rosenkranz B. An overview of the evidence and mechanisms of herb-drug interactions. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2012: 3; 1-19. 36. Haliloğlu B, İşgüven P, Yıldız M, Arslanoğlu İ, Ergüven M. Complementary and alternative medicine in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 2011: 3;139-143. 37. Johne A, Schmider J, Brockmöller J, Störmer E, Brauer S, Scholler G. ve ark. Decreased plasma levels of amitriptyline and its metabolits on comedications with an extract from st. John’s wort (hypericum perforatum). Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2002; 22: 46-54. 38. Nowack, R. Cytochrome P450 enzyme, and transport protein mediated herb-drug interactions in renal transplant patients: Grapefruid juice, St. John’s wort-and beyond!. Nephrology 2008:13; 337-47. 39. Kuhn MA. Herbal remedies: drug-herb interaction. Critical Care Nursing 2002: 22; 22-35. 40. Baily C J, Day C. Traditional plant medicines as treatment for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989:12; 553-64. 41. Dunbabin DW, Tallis GA, Popplewell PY, Lee RA. Lead poisining from Indian herbal medicine (Ayurveda). Medical Journal of Australia 1992: 157; 835-36. 42. Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry 2006: 99 (1); 191-203. 43. Harborne JB, Williams CA. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry 2000: 55(6); 481-504. 44. Alasalvar C, Grigor JM, Zhang D, Quantick PC, Shahidi F. Comparison of volatiles, phenolics, sugars, antioxidant vitamins, and sensory quality of different colored carrot varieties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2001; 49(3): 1410-16. 45. Shirley BW. Flavonoid biosynthesis:‘new’functions for an ‘old’pathway. Trends in Plant Science 1996:1(11); 377-382. 46. Bravo L. Polyphenols: Chemistry, Dietary Sources, Metabolism, and Nutritional Significance. Nutrition Reviews 1998: 56; 317-333. 47. Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. Journal of Natural Products 2000: 63(7); 1035-42. 48. Scalbert A, Williamson G. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. The Journal of Nutrition 2000: 130(8); 2073-85. 49. Yang CS, Landau JM, Huang MT, Newmark HL. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by dietary polyphenolic compounds. Annual Review of Nutrition 2001:21(1); 381-406. 50. Hollman PCH Evidence for health benefits of plant phenols: local or systemic effects? Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2001:81(9); 842- 52. 51. Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004: 79 (5); 727-47. 52. Moure A, Cruz, JM, Franco D, Domıńguez JM, Sineiro J, Domıńguez H. ve ark. Natural antioxidants from residual sources. Food Chemistry 2001: 72 (2); 145-71. 53. Benzie I, Szeto Y, Strain J, Tomlinson, B. Consumption of green tea causes rapid increase in plasma antioxidant power in humans. Nutrition and Cancer 1999: 34 (1); 83-7. 54. Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D, Hollman P, Katan M. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. The Lancet. 1993; 342 (8878):1007-11. 55. Yochum L, Kushi LH, Meyer K, Folsom AR. Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Epidemiology 1999:149 (10); 943-9. 56. Paquay JB, Haenen GR, Stender G, Wiseman SA, Tijburg LB, Bast A. Protection against nitric oxide toxicity by tea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000: 48 (11); 5768-72. 57. Finotti E, Di Majo D. Influence of solvents on the antioxidant property of flavonoids. Food/Nahrung 2003:47(3);186-187. 58. Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2002:13 (10); 572-584. 59. Laitonjam, WS. Natural Antioxidants (NAO) of Plants Acting as Scavengers of Free Radicals. Studies in natural products chemistry 2012: 37; 259. 60. Rao YK, Geethangili M, Fang SH, Tzeng YM. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of naturally occurring phenolic and related compounds: a comparative study. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2007: 45 (9); 1770-76. 61. Ren W, Qiao Z, Wang H, Zhu L, Zhang L. Flavonoids: promising anticancer agents. Medicinal Research Reviews 2003: 23 (4); 519-34. 62. Naczk M, Shahidi F. Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: Occurrence, extraction and analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2006: 41(5); 1523-4263. Ferguson LR. Role of plant polyphenols in genomic stability. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2001: 475(1); 89-111. 64. Samman S, Sandström B, Toft MB, Bukhave K, Jensen M, Sørensen SS, Hansen M. Green tea or rosemary extract added to foods reduces nonheme-iron absorption. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001:73 (3); 607-612. 65. Wong WS, McLean AE Effects of phenolic antioxidants and flavonoids on DNA synthesis in rat liver, spleen, and testis in vitro. Toxicology 1999:139 (3); 243-53. 66. Cao G, Sofic E, Prior RL. Antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids: structure-activity relationships. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1997: 22 (5); 749-760. 67. Carbonneau MA, Léger CL, Descomps B, Michel F, Monnier L. Improvement in the antioxidant status of plasma and low-density lipoprotein in subjects receiving a red wine phenolics mixture. Journal of The American Oil Chemists' Society 1998: 75(2); 235-40. 68. Metodiewa D, Jaiswal AK, Cenas N, Dickancaité E, Segura-Aguilar J. Quercetin may act as a cytotoxic prooxidant after its metabolic activation to semiquinone and quinoidal product. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1999:26 (1); 107-16. 69. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1989.70. Breinholt VM, Mølck AM, Svendsen GW, Daneshvar B, Vinggaard AM, Poulsen M. Dragsted LO. Effects of dietary antioxidants and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]- quinoline (IQ) on preneoplastic lesions and on oxidative damage, hormonal status, and detoxification capacity in the rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003: 41(10); 1315-23. 71. Aggarwal BB, Surh YJ, Shishodia S. The molecular targets and therapeutic uses of curcumin in health and disease. In: Back N, Cohen IR, Kritchevsky D, Lajtha A, Paoletti R, eds. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1st ed. New York: Springer Science Business Media, LLC; 2007; 1-480. 72. Ammon HP, Wahl MA. Pharmacology of curcuma longa. Planta Med 1991;57(1):1-7. 73. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as “curecumin”: from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol 2008;75(4):787- 809. 74. Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC. Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 2003;23(1A):363-98. 75. Hatcher H, Planalp R, Cho J, Torti FM, Torti SV. Curcumin: from ancient medicine to current clinical trials. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008;65(11):1631-52. 76. Shishodia S, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin: getting back to the roots. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1056:206-17. 77. Becit M, Aydın S, Başaran N. Kurkuminin Terapötik ve Toksik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci 2017;6(2):126-4278. GRAS Notification for curcumin preparation (Curcumin C3 Complex®). GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 460. Soni & Associates, Inc. Colllage Park, Maryland, USA; 2013: p.60. Date of access: 3 Ocak 2017. Access address: http://www.curcuminoids.com/gras/ Curcum- inC3ComplexGRASStatus.pdf 79. Cheng AL, Hsu CH, Lin JK, Hsu MM, Ho YF, Shen T ve ark. Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high risk or premalignant lesions. Anticancer Res 2001;21(4B):2895-900. 80. Lao CD, Ruffin MT 4th, Normolle D, Heath DD, Murray SI, Bailey JM, et al. Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006; 6:10. 81. Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014;17(12):929- 38. 82. Shafiq H, Ahmad A, Masud T, Kalem M. Cardioprotective and anticancer therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014;17(12):967-79. 83. Mollazadeh H, Hosseinzadeh H. The protective effect of Nigella sativa against liver injury: a review. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014;17(12): 958-66. 84. Khader M, Eckl PM. Thymoquinone: an emerging natural drug with a wide range of medical applications. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014;17(12):950-7. 85. Darakhshan S, Bidmeshki Pour A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Sisakhtnezhad S. Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res 2015;95-96:138-58. 86. Güzelsoy P, Aydın S, Başaran N, Çörek Otunun (Nigella Sativa L.) Aktif Bileşeni Timokinonun İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Olası Etkileri, J Lit Pharm Sci 2018;7(2):118-3587. Khader M, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. In vitro toxicological properties of thymoquinone. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47(1):129-33. 88. Ali BH, Blunden G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res 2003;17(4):299-305. 89. Salim EI, Fukushima S. Chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds against rat colon carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 2003;45(2): 195-202.