Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 367 - 374, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18016622

Abstract

References

  • Andrejevic, M. (2020). Automated media. Routledge.
  • Berkowitz, A. E. (2024). "Gimme Some Truth": AI Music and Implications for Copyright and Cataloging. Information Technology and Libraries, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.5860/ital.v43i3.17072
  • Boddington, P. (2017). Towards a code of ethics for artificial intelligence. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60648-4
  • Boden, M. A. (1998). Creativity and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1–2), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00055-1
  • Boden, M. A. (2016). AI: Its nature and future. Oxford University Press.
  • Born, G., & Haworth, C. (2017). From microsound to vaporwave: Internet-mediated musics, online methods, and genre. Music and Letters, 99(4), 601–647.
  • Bryson, J. J. (2019). The artificial intelligence of the ethics of artificial intelligence: An introductory overview for law and regulation. In M. D. Dubber, F. Pasquale, & S. Das (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of ethics of AI (pp. 1–23). Oxford University Press.
  • Casas-Cortés, M., Cañedo-Rodríguez, M., & Diz, C. (2023, October 18). Platform Capitalism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology.
  • Chibalashvili, A. (2021). Artificial intelligence in artistic practices. Collection of Research Paper Contemporary Art, 17, 41–50.
  • Chibalashvili, A. (2025). Manifestos of the 20th and early 21st centuries as markers of sociocultural and artistic transformations. Humanities Science Current Issues, 84(3), 162–169. In M. Pantyuk, A. Dushnyi, V. Ilnytskyi, & I. Zymomrya (Eds.), Humanities Science Current Issues. Publishing House “Helvetica”.
  • Coeckelbergh, M. (2017). Using words and things: Language and philosophy of technology. Routledge.
  • Coeckelbergh, M. (2019). Artificial intelligence, responsibility attribution, and a relational justification of explainability. Science and Engineering Ethics, 25(4), 1201–1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948- 019-00146-8
  • Coeckelbergh, M. (2020). AI ethics. MIT Press.
  • Corbelli, A. (2024). Beyond the Algorithm. Ethical and aesthetic challenges of AI in music. Itinera, (28). https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-9251/27842
  • Davies, S. (2016). The philosophy of art (2nd edition). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Dickie, G. (2009). The art circle: A theory of art. Chicago Spectrum Press.
  • Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., … Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
  • Gaut, B. (2010). A philosophy of cinematic art. Cambridge University Press
  • Ghvinjilia, G. (2021). Musical art, cultural memory and posthuman (raising a point). GESJ: Musicology and Cultural Science, (1(23)), 72–81.
  • Ghvinjilia, G. (2025). The evolution of music and musician students’ views on ethical dilemmas related to transhumanistic music. Rast Musicology Journal, 13(2), 201-237. https://doi.org/10.12975/rastmd.20251326
  • Ginsburg, J. C., & Budiardjo, L. A. (2019). Authors and machines. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 34(2), 343–448.
  • Gunkel, D. J. (2018). Robot rights. MIT Press.
  • Gunkel, David, The Rights of Robots (April 4, 2022). Gunkel, D. J. (2022). "The Rights of Robots." In A. A. Nakagawa and C. Douzinas (Eds.), Non-Human Rights–Critical Perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4077131 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4077131
  • Gunkel, David, The Rights of Robots (April 4, 2022). Gunkel, D. J. (2022). "The Rights of Robots." In A. A. Nakagawa and C. Douzinas (Eds.), Non-Human Rights–Critical Perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4077131 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4077131
  • Herington, J., Borasi, R., Guerrero, B.J. et al. Musicians’ ethical concerns about AI: an interview study. AI & Soc (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02601-6
  • Hesmondhalgh, D. (2019). The cultural industries (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson Education.
  • McCormack, J., & d’Inverno, M. (2012). On the future of music and artificial intelligence. In J. McCormack & M. d’Inverno (Eds.), Computers and creativity (pp. 205–228). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31727-9_11
  • McCormack, J., Gifford, T., Hutchings, P., Llano, M. T., McDermott, J., & d’Inverno, M. (2019). In a silent way: Communication between AI and improvising musicians beyond sound. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–11.https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.06442
  • Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016). The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, 3(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716679679
  • Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. New York University Press. https://nyupress.org/9781479837243/
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2001). Upheavals of thought: The intelligence of emotions. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pasquale, F. (2020). New laws of robotics: Defending human expertise in the age of AI. Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674975224
  • Praveen Raj, M., & Anita Sofia, V. S. (2023). Ethical implications of AI-generated music, art, and literature. International Journal of Scientific Advances in Research and Technology (IJSART), 9(9). https://ijsart.com/ethical-implications-of-ai-generated-music-art-literature-72359
  • Rasimi, A., & Zylfiu, B. (2023). The importance of integration of music education with social sciences in elementary school. Rast Muzikoloji Dergisi, 11(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.12975/rastmd.20231131
  • Searle, J. R. (1980). Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), 417–457. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756
  • Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Polity Press.
  • Sennett, R. (2008). The craftsman. Yale University Press.
  • Sturm, B. L. T., Iglesias, M., Ben-Tal, O., Miron, M., & Gómez, E. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and Music: Open Questions of Copyright Law and Engineering Praxis. Arts, 8(3), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts8030115
  • Swanwick, K. (1999). Teaching music musically. Routledge.
  • Ugoji, N. (2025). Ethical considerations and challenges of AI in teaching and learning of music. International Journal of Arts, History and Cultural Studies, 10(1).
  • Ure, K. (2021). The mystery of music composition: What you need to know before composing a note. Medium.
  • Wei, L., Yu, Y., Qin, Y., & Zhang, S. (2025). From Tools to Creators: A Review on the Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence Music Generation. Information, 16(8), 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080656
  • Yang, S. (2025). The Illusion of “Authenticity”: Ethical Dilemmas and Aesthetic Imagination in Pop Music Creation in the Age of AI. Journal of Contemporary Art Criticism, 1(1), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.71113/JCA C.v1i1.302

A review of ethical issues in AI-generated music

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 367 - 374, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18016622

Abstract

AI-generated music has entered contemporary music practices in many ways. However, this development has also brought numerous ethical issues to the forefront. In the current scientific literature, ethical discussions about AI and AI-generated music have generally been addressed through only a few axes, and a comprehensive presentation of these discussions is lacking. This article aims to frame the ethical debates arising with the impact of AI-generated music on contemporary music practices, both performing and compositional. With the increasing prevalence of AI-generated music, ethical concerns have emerged in many areas, including authorship, copyright, labor, musical creativity, musical performance culture, pedagogy, education, commercialization, the meaning and future of musical art, and responsibility. By reviewing the relevant literature, this study presents discussions in ten key areas: the problem of musical creativity, competition in music production, the meaning of music, copyright issues in music, the devaluation of human musical talent, homogenization in music culture, exploitation of labor, problems in music education, ethical responsibility, and the meaning of art. Situated at the intersection of music, AI, and ethics, this study establishes a theoretical framework and contributes a holistic perspective to future research agendas.

Ethical Statement

This study does not require ethics committee approval.

Supporting Institution

This study did not receive any funding.

References

  • Andrejevic, M. (2020). Automated media. Routledge.
  • Berkowitz, A. E. (2024). "Gimme Some Truth": AI Music and Implications for Copyright and Cataloging. Information Technology and Libraries, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.5860/ital.v43i3.17072
  • Boddington, P. (2017). Towards a code of ethics for artificial intelligence. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60648-4
  • Boden, M. A. (1998). Creativity and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1–2), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00055-1
  • Boden, M. A. (2016). AI: Its nature and future. Oxford University Press.
  • Born, G., & Haworth, C. (2017). From microsound to vaporwave: Internet-mediated musics, online methods, and genre. Music and Letters, 99(4), 601–647.
  • Bryson, J. J. (2019). The artificial intelligence of the ethics of artificial intelligence: An introductory overview for law and regulation. In M. D. Dubber, F. Pasquale, & S. Das (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of ethics of AI (pp. 1–23). Oxford University Press.
  • Casas-Cortés, M., Cañedo-Rodríguez, M., & Diz, C. (2023, October 18). Platform Capitalism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology.
  • Chibalashvili, A. (2021). Artificial intelligence in artistic practices. Collection of Research Paper Contemporary Art, 17, 41–50.
  • Chibalashvili, A. (2025). Manifestos of the 20th and early 21st centuries as markers of sociocultural and artistic transformations. Humanities Science Current Issues, 84(3), 162–169. In M. Pantyuk, A. Dushnyi, V. Ilnytskyi, & I. Zymomrya (Eds.), Humanities Science Current Issues. Publishing House “Helvetica”.
  • Coeckelbergh, M. (2017). Using words and things: Language and philosophy of technology. Routledge.
  • Coeckelbergh, M. (2019). Artificial intelligence, responsibility attribution, and a relational justification of explainability. Science and Engineering Ethics, 25(4), 1201–1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948- 019-00146-8
  • Coeckelbergh, M. (2020). AI ethics. MIT Press.
  • Corbelli, A. (2024). Beyond the Algorithm. Ethical and aesthetic challenges of AI in music. Itinera, (28). https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-9251/27842
  • Davies, S. (2016). The philosophy of art (2nd edition). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Dickie, G. (2009). The art circle: A theory of art. Chicago Spectrum Press.
  • Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., … Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
  • Gaut, B. (2010). A philosophy of cinematic art. Cambridge University Press
  • Ghvinjilia, G. (2021). Musical art, cultural memory and posthuman (raising a point). GESJ: Musicology and Cultural Science, (1(23)), 72–81.
  • Ghvinjilia, G. (2025). The evolution of music and musician students’ views on ethical dilemmas related to transhumanistic music. Rast Musicology Journal, 13(2), 201-237. https://doi.org/10.12975/rastmd.20251326
  • Ginsburg, J. C., & Budiardjo, L. A. (2019). Authors and machines. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 34(2), 343–448.
  • Gunkel, D. J. (2018). Robot rights. MIT Press.
  • Gunkel, David, The Rights of Robots (April 4, 2022). Gunkel, D. J. (2022). "The Rights of Robots." In A. A. Nakagawa and C. Douzinas (Eds.), Non-Human Rights–Critical Perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4077131 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4077131
  • Gunkel, David, The Rights of Robots (April 4, 2022). Gunkel, D. J. (2022). "The Rights of Robots." In A. A. Nakagawa and C. Douzinas (Eds.), Non-Human Rights–Critical Perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4077131 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4077131
  • Herington, J., Borasi, R., Guerrero, B.J. et al. Musicians’ ethical concerns about AI: an interview study. AI & Soc (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02601-6
  • Hesmondhalgh, D. (2019). The cultural industries (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson Education.
  • McCormack, J., & d’Inverno, M. (2012). On the future of music and artificial intelligence. In J. McCormack & M. d’Inverno (Eds.), Computers and creativity (pp. 205–228). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31727-9_11
  • McCormack, J., Gifford, T., Hutchings, P., Llano, M. T., McDermott, J., & d’Inverno, M. (2019). In a silent way: Communication between AI and improvising musicians beyond sound. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–11.https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.06442
  • Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016). The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, 3(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716679679
  • Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. New York University Press. https://nyupress.org/9781479837243/
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2001). Upheavals of thought: The intelligence of emotions. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pasquale, F. (2020). New laws of robotics: Defending human expertise in the age of AI. Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674975224
  • Praveen Raj, M., & Anita Sofia, V. S. (2023). Ethical implications of AI-generated music, art, and literature. International Journal of Scientific Advances in Research and Technology (IJSART), 9(9). https://ijsart.com/ethical-implications-of-ai-generated-music-art-literature-72359
  • Rasimi, A., & Zylfiu, B. (2023). The importance of integration of music education with social sciences in elementary school. Rast Muzikoloji Dergisi, 11(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.12975/rastmd.20231131
  • Searle, J. R. (1980). Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), 417–457. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756
  • Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Polity Press.
  • Sennett, R. (2008). The craftsman. Yale University Press.
  • Sturm, B. L. T., Iglesias, M., Ben-Tal, O., Miron, M., & Gómez, E. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and Music: Open Questions of Copyright Law and Engineering Praxis. Arts, 8(3), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts8030115
  • Swanwick, K. (1999). Teaching music musically. Routledge.
  • Ugoji, N. (2025). Ethical considerations and challenges of AI in teaching and learning of music. International Journal of Arts, History and Cultural Studies, 10(1).
  • Ure, K. (2021). The mystery of music composition: What you need to know before composing a note. Medium.
  • Wei, L., Yu, Y., Qin, Y., & Zhang, S. (2025). From Tools to Creators: A Review on the Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence Music Generation. Information, 16(8), 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080656
  • Yang, S. (2025). The Illusion of “Authenticity”: Ethical Dilemmas and Aesthetic Imagination in Pop Music Creation in the Age of AI. Journal of Contemporary Art Criticism, 1(1), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.71113/JCA C.v1i1.302
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Music (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gvantsa Ghvinjilia

Submission Date October 24, 2025
Acceptance Date December 21, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ghvinjilia, G. (2025). A review of ethical issues in AI-generated music. Journal for the Interdisciplinary Art and Education, 6(4), 367-374. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18016622
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