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The uniqueness of Cantonese opera in Hong Kong: contributions and influence by Tong Tik-sang

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 143 - 150, 30.09.2022

Abstract

Cantonese opera is one of the four Chinese-language operas recognized by UNESCO. It is an important art form, and its popularity reaches not only canton-speaking regions but audiences around the globe as well. Fushan, a city in the Central Guangdong province, was home to many Cantonese Opera troupes. However, due to political reasons, many Cantonese opera troupes relocated to Hong Kong, settling there in the early 1900s. This relocation led to innovations and developments that are still seen today. Playwright Tong Tik-sang played a very influential role in advancing and popularizing Cantonese operas. This article traces the origin of Cantonese opera, gives an overview of its characteristics, and discusses Tong’s contributions and legacy to the future of Cantonese opera.

References

  • Chan, Kar Yue. “Cross-Dressing and Gendered Voice Representation in Cantonese Opera.” Comparative Literature: East & West 3, no. 1 (June 2019): 1-14. DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2019.1615727.
  • Ching, May Bo. “Where Guangdong Meets Shanghai: Hong Kong Culture in a Trans-regional Context.” In Hong Kong Mobile: Making a Global Population, edited by Siu Helen F. and Ku Agnes S., 45-62. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1xwgdb.10.
  • Chiu, Yvonne and Andrew Kwong. “Behind the Colored Mask: An Introduction to the Traditions of Cantonese Opera.” Opera Canada 36, no.1 (Spring, 1995):12-13.
  • Chow, Sze Sum. “Tradition and innovation: adaptation in Cantonese opera.” PhD diss., University of Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1288&context=etd_oa.
  • City University of Hong Kong. “Glamour of Cantonese Opera: An Introduction.” Run Run Shaw Library, City University of Hong Kong. Last modified June 11, 2020. http://www.cityu.edu.hk/lib/about/event/cantonese_opera/hkopera.htm.
  • Duhalde, Marcelo, Jing Tian Yan, and Dennis Wong. “Cantonese Performing Art.” South China Morning Post, November 8, 2019. https://multimedia.scmp.com/infographics/culture/article/3036661/cantonese-opera/index.html.
  • Ferguson, Daniel Lee. A Study of Cantonese Opera: Musical Source Materials, Historical Development, Contemporary Social Organization, and Adaptive Strategies. PhD diss., University of Washington, Washington,1988. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • Hong Kong Heritage Museum. “Splendour of Cantonese Opera: Masters Tong Tik Sang and Yam Kim Fai.” Last modified, 2014. https://www.heritagemuseum.gov.hk/documents/2199315/2199693/Splendour_of_Cantonese_Opera-E.pdf.
  • Hong Kong Heritage Museum. “The Majestic Stage: The Story of Cantonese Opera Theatres.” Last modified, 2014. https://hk.heritage.museum/documents/2199315/2199693/The_Majestic_Stage-E.pdf. Judkins, Benjamin N., and Jon Nielson. The Creation of Wing Chun: A Social History of the Southern Chinese Martial Arts. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Leung, Janice. “Cantonese opera traditions must be protected as it Modernises.” South China Morning Post, December 16, 2014. https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/1662942/cantonese-opera-traditions-must-be-protected-it-modernises.
  • Liu, Jingzhi劉靖之. Hong Kong Music History: Cantonese Popular Code, Serious Music, Cantonese Opera香港音樂史論:粵語流行曲,嚴肅音樂,粵劇. Hong Kong: The Commercial Press, 2013.
  • Ng, Wing Chung. The Rise of Cantonese Opera. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2015.
  • Patrimonio Cultural de Macao. “Elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Yueju Opera (Cantonese Opera).” Last modified 6/12/2020. http://www.culturalheritage.mo/en/detail/140/1.
  • Sang, Tong Dik, Bell Yung, Sonia Ng, and Katherine Carlitz. "Introduction." In The Flower Princess: A Cantonese Opera by Tong Dik Sang, 1-24. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2010. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1pc5dk7.7.
  • Tai, Suk Yan. “A Study on Tang Di-Sheng's Cantonese Opera Works of the 1950s.” PhD diss., The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2007. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. “中國古典樂曲欣賞—妝台秋思.” The Epoch Times, November 4, 2010. https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/10/11/4/n3074822.htm
  • Yung, Bell. “A Heuristic Theory of Metrical Transformation and Tune Metamorphosis: Tracking Creativity in Traditional Cantonese Opera.” Ethnomusicology 64, no. 1 (2020): 110-40.
  • Yung, Bell. “Creative Process in Cantonese Opera I: The Role of Linguistic Tones.” Ethnomusicology 27, no. 1 (1983): 29-47.
  • Websites:
  • Web 1. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20120813-cantonese-opera-returns-to-hong-kong
  • Web 2. https://welcometochina.com.au/a-new-global-mega-city-like-no-other-guangdong-hong-kong-macao-greater-bay-area-5489.html
  • Web 3. http://www.cityofzhuhai.com/2022-02/16/c_707478.htm
  • Web 4. https://cducomb.colgate.domains/globaltheater/asia/makeup-in-cantonese-opera/
  • Web 5. https://www.bankofchina.com/mo/en/bocinfo/bi1/201403/t20140314_3046887.html
Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 143 - 150, 30.09.2022

Abstract

References

  • Chan, Kar Yue. “Cross-Dressing and Gendered Voice Representation in Cantonese Opera.” Comparative Literature: East & West 3, no. 1 (June 2019): 1-14. DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2019.1615727.
  • Ching, May Bo. “Where Guangdong Meets Shanghai: Hong Kong Culture in a Trans-regional Context.” In Hong Kong Mobile: Making a Global Population, edited by Siu Helen F. and Ku Agnes S., 45-62. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1xwgdb.10.
  • Chiu, Yvonne and Andrew Kwong. “Behind the Colored Mask: An Introduction to the Traditions of Cantonese Opera.” Opera Canada 36, no.1 (Spring, 1995):12-13.
  • Chow, Sze Sum. “Tradition and innovation: adaptation in Cantonese opera.” PhD diss., University of Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1288&context=etd_oa.
  • City University of Hong Kong. “Glamour of Cantonese Opera: An Introduction.” Run Run Shaw Library, City University of Hong Kong. Last modified June 11, 2020. http://www.cityu.edu.hk/lib/about/event/cantonese_opera/hkopera.htm.
  • Duhalde, Marcelo, Jing Tian Yan, and Dennis Wong. “Cantonese Performing Art.” South China Morning Post, November 8, 2019. https://multimedia.scmp.com/infographics/culture/article/3036661/cantonese-opera/index.html.
  • Ferguson, Daniel Lee. A Study of Cantonese Opera: Musical Source Materials, Historical Development, Contemporary Social Organization, and Adaptive Strategies. PhD diss., University of Washington, Washington,1988. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • Hong Kong Heritage Museum. “Splendour of Cantonese Opera: Masters Tong Tik Sang and Yam Kim Fai.” Last modified, 2014. https://www.heritagemuseum.gov.hk/documents/2199315/2199693/Splendour_of_Cantonese_Opera-E.pdf.
  • Hong Kong Heritage Museum. “The Majestic Stage: The Story of Cantonese Opera Theatres.” Last modified, 2014. https://hk.heritage.museum/documents/2199315/2199693/The_Majestic_Stage-E.pdf. Judkins, Benjamin N., and Jon Nielson. The Creation of Wing Chun: A Social History of the Southern Chinese Martial Arts. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Leung, Janice. “Cantonese opera traditions must be protected as it Modernises.” South China Morning Post, December 16, 2014. https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/1662942/cantonese-opera-traditions-must-be-protected-it-modernises.
  • Liu, Jingzhi劉靖之. Hong Kong Music History: Cantonese Popular Code, Serious Music, Cantonese Opera香港音樂史論:粵語流行曲,嚴肅音樂,粵劇. Hong Kong: The Commercial Press, 2013.
  • Ng, Wing Chung. The Rise of Cantonese Opera. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2015.
  • Patrimonio Cultural de Macao. “Elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Yueju Opera (Cantonese Opera).” Last modified 6/12/2020. http://www.culturalheritage.mo/en/detail/140/1.
  • Sang, Tong Dik, Bell Yung, Sonia Ng, and Katherine Carlitz. "Introduction." In The Flower Princess: A Cantonese Opera by Tong Dik Sang, 1-24. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2010. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1pc5dk7.7.
  • Tai, Suk Yan. “A Study on Tang Di-Sheng's Cantonese Opera Works of the 1950s.” PhD diss., The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2007. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. “中國古典樂曲欣賞—妝台秋思.” The Epoch Times, November 4, 2010. https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/10/11/4/n3074822.htm
  • Yung, Bell. “A Heuristic Theory of Metrical Transformation and Tune Metamorphosis: Tracking Creativity in Traditional Cantonese Opera.” Ethnomusicology 64, no. 1 (2020): 110-40.
  • Yung, Bell. “Creative Process in Cantonese Opera I: The Role of Linguistic Tones.” Ethnomusicology 27, no. 1 (1983): 29-47.
  • Websites:
  • Web 1. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20120813-cantonese-opera-returns-to-hong-kong
  • Web 2. https://welcometochina.com.au/a-new-global-mega-city-like-no-other-guangdong-hong-kong-macao-greater-bay-area-5489.html
  • Web 3. http://www.cityofzhuhai.com/2022-02/16/c_707478.htm
  • Web 4. https://cducomb.colgate.domains/globaltheater/asia/makeup-in-cantonese-opera/
  • Web 5. https://www.bankofchina.com/mo/en/bocinfo/bi1/201403/t20140314_3046887.html
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Music
Journal Section Opera
Authors

Po Sim Head 0000-0002-0216-6448

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Head, P. S. (2022). The uniqueness of Cantonese opera in Hong Kong: contributions and influence by Tong Tik-sang. Journal for the Interdisciplinary Art and Education, 3(3), 143-150.

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