The Design of Piles under Combined Loading: Effect of Pile Length, Pile Spacing and Relative Density

Abstract

In pile foundation systems, displacements in important structures affected by both axial and lateral loads must be limited within elastic limits. For elastic limits; effects of the important parameters such as; pile diameter, pile spacing, pile length /pile diameter ratio and relative density were examined. For this purpose, loadings were carried out in medium-dense and extreme dense sand conditions with the following parameter considerations: pile length/pile diameter ratios of 10, 15 and 30, pile spacings of 3D and 6D and for relative density of the soil 50% and 85%. By determining the vertical and lateral displacements of the pile foundation system formed under axial and lateral load effects and loading related ground stresses, the relationship between the foundation system and the ground was expressed. Experimental data were analyzed in Plaxis 3D. From the results of the performed model tests and Plaxis 3D optimum design parameters have been determined for soil-structure interaction in lateral loaded pile foundation systems.

Keywords

• Pile Foundations
• Lateral Loaded Pile
• Cohesionless Soils
• Plaxis 3D

Kombine Yükleme Altında Kazıkların Tasarımında; Kazık Uzunluğunun, Kazık Aralığının ve Rölatif Sıkılığın Etkisi

Abstract

Kazıklı temel sistemlerinde hem eksenel hem de yanal yükler altındaki önemli yapılarda yer değiştirmelerin elastik sınırlar içerisinde sınırlandırılması gerekmektedir. Elastik sınırlar içinde kalarak izin verilen deplasman yükleme koşulları için; kazık çapı, kazık aralığı, kazık uzunluğu/kazık çapı oranı ve relative sıkılığının etkisi dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu amaçla deneyler orta ve çok sıkı kum koşullarında kazık boyu/kazı çapı oranları 10,15 ve 30, kazık aralıkları 3D ve 6D ve zeminin rölatif sıkılığı %50 ve %85 olarak dikkate alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eksenel ve yanal yük etkileri altındaki yüklemeye bağlı olarak kazıklı temel sisteminin düşey ve yanal yer değiştirmeleri ve zemin gerilmeleri belirlenerek temel sistemi ile zemin arasındaki ilişki ifade edilmiştir. Deneysel veriler Plaxis 3D programında da analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan model testleri ve Plaxis 3D sonuçlarından, yatay yüklü kazıklı temel sistemlerinde zemin-yapı etkileşimi için optimum tasarım parametreleri belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Kazıklı Temel
• Yanal Yüklü Kazık
• Kohezyonsuz Zemin
• Plaxis 3D

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