Exploring The Potential of Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target for Improving Human Health: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping human health and disease states as a single existence that encompasses thousands of existences explained by the concept of holobiont. Microbiota directly or indirectly affects host health through various mechanisms. It directly supports host health by creating colonization resistance against pathogens. Indirectly, it supports host health through the production of metabolites, the secretion of neurotransmitter precursors, or the biotransformation of various substrates of the host. Microbiota offers numerous therapeutic targets for the development of microbiota-based treatment strategies. Undoubtedly, elucidating host-microbiota interaction mechanisms will enable the development of new and effective microbiota-based treatment approaches. While it is well-known that antibiotic use can alter the microbiota and cause damage, especially with prolonged use, the impact of microbiota on drugs has not been widely discussed. Recently, the field of pharmacomicrobiomics has emerged, which examines the influence of microbiota on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of drugs. Studies in the field of pharmacomicrobiomics support the bidirectional nature of drug-microbiota interactions, and further research in this area will provide guidance for personalized drug use and enhancing drug efficacy through the microbiota. The aim of this review is to emphasize the mechanisms of microbiota's impact on the host and evaluate the potential of microbiota as a promising therapeutic target.

Keywords

• microbiota
• colonization resistance
• dysbiosis
• human milk oligosaccharides
• pharmacomicrobiomic

İnsan Sağlığını İyileştirmede Terapötik Bir Hedef Olarak Mikrobiyotanın Potansiyelini Keşfetmek: Mevcut Durum ve Gelecek Perspektifleri

Abstract

Holobiyont kavramıyla açıklanan binlerce varoluşu içinde barındıran tek bir varoluş olarak insanın sağlık ve hastalık durumlarının şekillenmesinde mikrobiyota oldukça önemli bir rol oynar. Mikrobiyota konak sağlığını doğrudan veya dolaylı mekanizmalarla etkiler. Mikrobiyota patojenlere karşı kolonizasyon direnci oluşturarak doğrudan konak sağlığını destekler. Oluşturduğu metabolitler, salgıladığı nörotransmitter öncülleri veya konağın çeşitli substratlarını biyotransformasyona uğratmak yolaklarıyla da dolaylı yoldan konak sağlığını destekler. Mikrobiyota, mikrobiyota temelli tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için pek çok terapötik hedef sunar. Konak- mikrobiyota etkileşim mekanizmaların aydınlatılması şüphesiz ki mikrobiyota temelli yeni ve etkili tedavi yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesini sağlayabilecektir. Uzun zamandır antibiyotik kullanımının mikrobiyotayı değiştirebildiği ve özellikle uzun süreli kullanımın kommensal mikrobiyota üzerinde tahribat oluşturduğu bilinmekle birlikte; mikrobiyotanın ilaçlar üzerindeki etkisi gündeme gelmemiştir. Yakın zamanda söz edilmeye başlanan farmakomikrobiyomik, ilaçların farmakokinetiği ve toksisitesi üzerinde mikrobiyotanın etkisini inceler. Farmakomikrobiyomik alanındaki çalışmalar ilaç mikrobiyota etkileşiminin çift yönlü olduğunu desteklemekle birlikte bu alanda yapılacak araştırmalar kişiselleştirilmiş ilaç kullanımı ve ilaçların etkiliğinin mikrobiyota yoluyla arttırılması için yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu derlemenin amacı mikrobiyotanın konak üzerindeki etki mekanizmalarına vurgu yapmak ve gelecek vaat eden terapötik bir hedef olarak mikrobiyotanın potansiyelini değerlendirmektir.

Keywords

• mikrobiyota
• kolonizasyon direnci
• disbiyoz
• insan sütü oligosakkaritleri

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