Nutritional Indices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Infection in Southern Nigeria

Year 2017, , 34 - 42, 30.06.2017

Augusta Chinyere Nsonwu-anyanwu

https://doi.org/10.5455/jicm.22.253019

Abstract

Background: Viral
load and specific drug related toxicities have been implicated in nutritional
and metabolic disturbances in HIV infection. This study evaluated some micro,
macro nutrients and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infection with or
without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Material and Methods: Ninety subjects (18-65 years) comprising of 30 sero-positive
HIV on HAART, 30 sero-positive HAART naïve and 30 HIV sero-negative subjects
were recruited into the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total proteins
(TP), albumin, vitamin C, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated using colorimetric
methods, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, CD4+ T
cell count by flow cytometry while body mass index (BMI), globulin, atherogenic
index of plasma (AIP), albumin/globulin ratio (A/G), very low density lipoprotein
cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were
calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, LSD post hoc at p< 0.05.

Results: HIV
sero-negative subjects had higher BMI, CD4-T cell count, albumin, vitamin C,
Zn, LDL-C, A/G ratio and lower FPG, globulin, Cu compared to HAART naïve; and
higher BMI, CD4+T cell count, albumin, vitamin C, Zn with lower FPG, globulin,
Cu, TG, and VLDLC compared to HIV on HAART respectively (p<0.05). HIV on
HAART had increased albumin, A/G ratio, FPG, LDLC, VLDL, TG, TC and lower CD4
+T cell count, TP, globulin and Zn compared to HAART naive subjects
(p<0.05).

Conclusion: Disturbances
in homeostasis of total proteins, antioxidant micronutrients with dyslipidemia
and increased risk of cardiovascular disorders in HIV infection may be
aggravated by HAART.

Keywords

HAART, HIV, lipid profile, micronutrients, proteins

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