Nutritional Indices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Infection in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Viral load and specific drug related toxicities have been implicated in nutritional and metabolic disturbances in HIV infection. This study evaluated some micro, macro nutrients and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infection with or without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Material and Methods: Ninety subjects (18-65 years) comprising of 30 sero-positive HIV on HAART, 30 sero-positive HAART naïve and 30 HIV sero-negative subjects were recruited into the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total proteins (TP), albumin, vitamin C, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated using colorimetric methods, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, CD4+ T cell count by flow cytometry while body mass index (BMI), globulin, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), albumin/globulin ratio (A/G), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, LSD post hoc at p< 0.05.

Results: HIV sero-negative subjects had higher BMI, CD4-T cell count, albumin, vitamin C, Zn, LDL-C, A/G ratio and lower FPG, globulin, Cu compared to HAART naïve; and higher BMI, CD4+T cell count, albumin, vitamin C, Zn with lower FPG, globulin, Cu, TG, and VLDLC compared to HIV on HAART respectively (p<0.05). HIV on HAART had increased albumin, A/G ratio, FPG, LDLC, VLDL, TG, TC and lower CD4 +T cell count, TP, globulin and Zn compared to HAART naive subjects (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Disturbances in homeostasis of total proteins, antioxidant micronutrients with dyslipidemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disorders in HIV infection may be aggravated by HAART.

Keywords

• HAART,HIV,lipid profile,micronutrients,proteins

References

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