Antifungal efficacy of leaf, flower and root of Aerva lanata (Linn.) against selected fungal pathogens

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of different parts like leaf, flower and root extracts of Aerva lanata (L.).

Material and Methods: The antifungal activity of different solvents like acetone, aqueous, benzene and ethylacetate extracts of A. lanata against Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Trichosporon asahii and Mucor indicus was studied by agar well diffusion method.

Results: Benzene extract of leaf of A. lanata showed maximum zone of inhibition against Aspergillus flavus. The benzene extract of flower showed antifungal activity against Trichosporon asahii. The acetone extract of root showed antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Trichosporon asahii and Mucor indicus.

Conclusion: The best antifungal activity was observed in all solvent extracts of root of A. lanata against selected fungal species such as Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Trichosporon asahii and Mucor indicus, when compared with leaf and flower extracts. In future, there is in need of study to isolate and purify the active phytocompounds, which possess antifungal activity against above mentioned fungal species and it may be useful in the treatment of fungal diseases.

Keywords

• Aerva lanata,antifungal activity,leaf,flower,root

References

1. 1. Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance in developing countries. Part 1: recent trends and current status. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 481-493.
2. 2. Tepe B, Daferera D, Sokmen M, Polissiou M, Sokmen A. In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and various extracts of Thymus eigii. M. Zoharyet P. H. Davis. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 1132-1137.
3. 3. Kordali S, Kotan R, Mavi A, Cakir A, Ala A, Yildirim A. Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera essential oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53: 9452-9458.
4. 4. Service RF. Antibiotics that resist resistance. Science 1995; 270: 724-727.
5. 5. Ahmad I, Mehmood Z, Mohammad F. Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. J Ethnopharm 1998; 62: 183-193.
6. 6. Cordell GA. Biodiversity and drug discovery a symbiotic relationship. Phytochem 2000; 55: 463-480.
7. 7. De Boer HJ, Kool A, Broberg A. Mziray WR, Hedberg I, Levenfors JJ. Antifungal and antibacterial activity of some herbal remedies from Tanzania. J Ethnopharm 2005; 96: 461-469.
8. 8. Farombi EO. African indigenous plants with chemotherapeutic potentials and biotechnological approach to the production of bioactive prophylactic agents. Afr J Biotechnol 2003; 2: 662-671.

9. 9. Stuffness M, Douros J. Current status of the NCI plant and animal product Program. J Nat Prod. 1982; 4: 51-14.
10. 10. Baker JT, Borris RP, Carte B, Cordell GA, Soejarto DD, Cragg GM, et al. Natural product drug discovery and development: New perspective on international collaboration. J Nat Prod 1995; 58: 1325-1357.
11. 11. Vlietinck AJ, van Hoof L, Totte J, Lasure A, Vanden Berghe D, Rwangabo PC et al. Screening of hundred Rwandese medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral properties. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 46: 31-47.
12. 12. Aiyer KN, Kolammal M, editors. Pharmacognosy of Ayurvedic drugs, Series1. 1st ed. Trivendram: The Central Research Institute, 1963; p. 6.
13. 13. Kiritikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants: International book distributors. Dehradun, India. 1996; p. 2064 – 2065.
14. 14. Chowdhury D, Sayeed A, Shah A, Alam Bhuryar M, Mohal A, Khan GRM. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Aerva lanata. Fitoterapia 2002; 73: 92-94.
15. 15. Udupihille M, Jiffry MTM. Diuretic effect of Aerva lanata with water, normal saline and coriander as controls. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1986; 30: 91-97.
16. 16. Rao SG. Evaluation of an experimental model for studying urolithiasiss effect of Aerva lanata on urinary stones. Indian Drugs 1985; 22: 81-86.
17. 17. Vetrichelvan T, Jegadeesan M, Senthil Palaniappan M, Murali NP, Sasikumar K. Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory activities of Aerva lanata in rats. Indian J pharma Sci 2000; 62: 300-302.
18. 18. Zapesochnaya G. Canthin-6-one and beta-carboline alkaloids from Aerva lanata. Planta med 1992; 88: 192-196.
19. 19. Rajesh R, Chitra M, Padmaa MP. Anti-hyperglycemic and antilipidemic activity of aerial part of Aerva lanata Linn. Juss. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2: S924-S929.
20. 20. Marble A, Krall LP, Bradley RF, Christlieb AR, Soeldner JS, editors. Joslin’s diabetes mellitus. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Lea-Febiger; 1985. p. 526-52.
21. 21. Wheat LJ. Infection and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1980; 3: 187-197.
22. 22. Kates SG, Nordstrom KM, McGinley KJ, Leyden JJ. Microbial ecology of interdigital infections of toe web spaces. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22: 578-582.
23. 23. Tekeli A, Dolapci I, Emral R, Cesur S. Candida carriage and Candida dubliniensis in oropharyngeal samples of type-1 diabetes mellitus patients. Mycoses 2004; 47: 315-8.
24. 24. Vijayan Mini N, Da Barreto I, seema D, Shital D, Riva DS, Astrida R. Antimicrobial activity of ten common herbs, commonly known as Dashapudhpam from Kerala, India. Afr J Microbiol Res 2010; 4: 2357-2362.
25. 25. Parekh J, Nair R, Chanda S. Preliminary screening of some folklore medicinal plants from western India for potential antimicrobial activity. Indian J Pharmacol. 2005; 37: 408-409.
26. 26. Perez C, Paul M, Bazerque P. Antibiotic assay by agar well diffusion method. Acta Biol Med Exp 1990; 15: 113-115.
27. 27. CSIR. Wealth of India, publications and information directory, New Delhi, India: CSIR, 164:1998.
28. 28. Portillo A, Vila R, Freixa B, Adzet T, Canigueral S. Antifungal activity of Paraguayan plants used in traditional medicine. J Ethnopharm 2001; 6:93-98.
29. 29. Fortes TO, Alviano DS, Tupinamba G, Padron TS, Antoniolli AR, Alviano CS, et al. Production of an antimicrobial substance against Cryptococcus neoformans by Paenibacillus brasilensis Sa3 isolated from the rhizosphere of Kalanchoe brasiliensis. Microbiol Res 2008; 163:200-207.
30. 30. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin microbiol rev 1999; 12: 564-82.
31. 31. Arumugam N, Kandasamy S, Sekar M. In vitro antifungal activity of Hybanthus enneaspermus F Muell. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012; 4: 594-596.
32. 32. Basma AA, Zuraini Z, Sasidharan S. A transmission electron microscopy study of the diversity of Candida albicans cells induced by Euphorbia hirta L. leaf extract in vitro. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011; 1(1): 20- 22.
33. 33. Singariya P, Kumar P, Mourya KK. Estimation and bio activity of aerial parts of Withania somnifera against the bacterial and fungal microbes. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012; 4: 553-557.
34. 34. Kumar EAO, Rani DS. Studies on In vitro antimicrobial activity of some medicinal Plants from Visakhapatnam. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2012; 3: 807.
35. 35. Mathur A, Singh R, Yousuf S, Bhardwaj A, Verma S, Babu P, et al. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against clinical pathogens. Adv Appl Sci Res 2011; 2: 260-264.
36. 36. Sule WF, Okonko IO, Joseph TA, Ojezele MO, Nwanze JC, Alli JA, et al. In vitro antifungal activity of Senna alata Linn. crude leaf extract. Adv Appl Sci Res 2010; 2:14-26.
37. 37. Abera A, Lemessa F, Muleta D. The antifungal activity of some medicinal plants against coffee berry disease caused by Colletotrichum kahawae. Int J Agric res 2011; 3: 268-279.
38. 38. Bohra NK, Purohit DK. Effect of some aqueous plant extracts on toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus. Adv Plant Sci 2002; 15: 103-106.
39. 39. Polaquini SR, Svidziniski TI, Kemmelmeier C, Gasparetto A. Effect of aqueous extract from neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion in composite resin by Candida albicans. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51: 482-490.
40. 40. Taskeen UN, Wani AH, Mir RA. Antimycotic activity of plant extracts on the spore germination of some pathogenic fungi. Mycopath 2010; 8: 65–69.
41. 41. Manohari R, Prasanna G. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Aerva lanata L. Ijppr Human. 2016; 6: 191-201.
42. 42. Chowdhary D, Sayeed A, Islam A, Bhuiyan MSA, Astaq MKGR. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Aerva lanata. Fitoterapia 2002; 73: 92-94.
43. 43. Amutha K. Antimicrobial activity of Aerva lanata, Boerhavia diffusa, Cassia tora, Pongamia pinnata and influence on the virulence factors of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. U publish. info: 2010; p. 1.
44. 44. Soundararajan P, Mahesh R, Ramesh T, Hazeena BV. Biopotency of Aerva lanata on membrane bound ATPases and marker Enzymes in Urolithic Rats. Int J Biol Chem sci 2007; 1: 221-228.
45. 45. Yamunadevi M, Wesely EG, Johnson M. Phyochemical studies on the trepenoids medicinally important plant Aerva lanata L. using HPTLC.Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011;1:22025.
46. 46. Marjorie C. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12: 564-582.
47. 47. Hoult JRS, Paya M. Pharmacological and biochemical actions of simple coumarins: natural products with therapeutic potential. Gen Pharmacol 1996; 27: 713-722.
48. 48. Zablotowicz RM, Hoagland RE Wagner SC. Effect of saponins on the growth and activity of rhizosphere bacteria. Adv Exp Med Bio 1996; 405: 83-95.
49. 49. Jamuna S, Paulsamy S, Karthika K. In vitro antibacterial activity of leaf and root extracts of Hypochaeris radicata L. (Asteraceae) – a medicinal plant species inhabiting the high hills of Nilgiris, the Western Ghats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013; 5: 175-178.
50. 50. Zidon C, Schubert B, Stuppner H. Altitudinal differences in the contents of phenolics in flowering heads of three members of the tribe Lactuceae (Asteraceae) occurring as introduced species in New Zealand. Biochem Syst Ecol 2005; 33: 855-872.
51. 51. Chen HM, Chan SC, Lee JC, Chang CC, Murugan M, Jack RJ. Transmission electron microscopic obse rvations of membrane effects of antibiotic cecropin B on Escherichia coli. ‎Microsc Res Tech 2003; 62: 423-430.
52. 52. Adetumbe M, Javor GT, Lau BH. Allium sativum (garlic) inhibits lipid synthesis by Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986; 30: 499-501.