Distribution, Phenotypic Characterisation and Antibiogram of bacterial Species from hospital environment in Nigeria: Public health implications.

Abstract

Background: This study was carried out to determine the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens on surface samples from Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (FETHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 surface samples were collected from five (5) different wards including laboratory unit, pediatric ward, post natal ward, GOPD ward and children emergency ward. Isolation, phenotypic characterization and antibiogram study were carried out. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was determined for all isolates.

Results: A total of 156 organisms comprising of 40 (25.64%) Staphylococcus aureus, 40 (25.64%) Escherichia coli, 38 (24.36%) Vibrio cholera, 21 (13.46%) Shigella spp. and 17 (10.90%) Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates indicated that all strains were resistant to penicillin, nalidixic acid, cefotaxime, tetracycline, cefpirome, sulphamethoxazole, oxytetracycline and cephalothin. In contrast, the strains were susceptible to gentamicin, imipenem, streptomycin, and azithromycin. The five isolates had an average MARI between the range of 0.81- 0.88.

Conclusions: This investigation has revealed that all the different areas of the hospital harbor appreciable numbers of pathogenic bacteria.

Keywords

• Antibiotic Resistance,Hospital environment,nosocomial infection

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