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Komplike Üriner Sistem Enfeksiyonuyla Takip Edilen Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 34 - 44, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1428784

Abstract

Giriş: Üriner sistem enfeksiyonu (ÜSE) en sık karşılaşılan ve en çok antibiyotik kullanılan enfeksiyon hastalıklarından birisidir ve tedavisinde geniş spektrumlu antibiyotik kullanılması antibiyotik direnç oranlarının hızla artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kliniğimizde yatarak tedavi edilen komplike ÜSE olan hastalarımızda saptanan etkenleri ve bu etkenlerin antibiyotik direnç profilini ortaya koymayı hedefledik.
Yöntem: Çalışmamızda bir yıllık süre içerisinde kliniğimizde komplike ÜSE tanısıyla yatarak tedavi edilen hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 69’u (%44,8) erkek, 85’i (%55,2) kadın 154 hasta dahil edildi ve ortalama yaş 68,9 ± 15,3 yıl idi. Hastalarımızda ek hastalık olarak en sık; esansiyel hipertansiyon (n:87,%56,5), tip 2 diabetes mellitus (n:74,% 48,1), ve serebrovasküler hastalık/ koroner arter hastalığı (n:49,% 31,8) bulunmaktaydı. ÜSE etkeni olarak ise en sık; Escherichia coli (E.coli) (% 46,1) , Klebsiella spp (% 14,9) ve Candida spp (%7,1) saptandı. E.coli’lerin %42,6’sı genişlemiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz (GSBL)üretirken, Klebsiella spp’lerin %13’ünün GSBL ürettiği belirlendi. Siprofloksasinin direnç sıklığının GSBL pozitiflerde GSBL negatif bakterilere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu (%84,8/%35,9, p<0,001) saptandı. Özellikle alternatif tedavi seçeneği olabilecek trimetoprim/sülfametoksazol (%56,7 / %36,2), amikasin (%37 / %19) ve fosfomisine (%13,3 / %28,1) ait direnç oranları yüksek düzeylerde saptanmakla birlikte GSBL pozitif ve negatif olan bakterilerde benzer oldukları gözlendi.
Sonuç: Antibiyotik direnç oranları arttıkça enfeksiyonların hem tedavisi zorlaşmakta hem de maliyeti artmaktadır. Bu nedenle ÜSE tedavisi için lokal ve ulusal sürveyans verilerine dayanarak uygun antibiyotiğin uygun doz ve sürede verilmesine özen gösterilmelidir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma öncesi Samsun Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan çalışma için etik komite onayı (SÜKAEK-2023 3/10) alınmıştır.

References

  • Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;13(5):269-84.
  • Klein RD, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(4):211-226.
  • Kitagawa K, Shigemura K, Yamamichi F, Alimsardjono L, Rahardjo D, Kuntaman K, et al. Interna-tional Comparison of Causative Bacteria and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Urinary Tract Infec-tions between Kobe, Japan, and Surabaya, Indonesia. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2018;71(1):8-13.
  • Kornfält Isberg H, Melander E, Hedin K, Mölstad S, Beckman A. Uncomplicated urinary tract infec-tions in Swedish primary care; etiology, resistance and treatment. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):155.
  • Ho HJ, Tan MX, Chen MI, Tan TY, Koo SH, Koong AYL, et al. Interaction between Antibiotic Re-sistance, Resistance Genes, and Treatment Response for Urinary Tract Infections in Primary Care. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(9):e00143-19.
  • 6.MİK'lerin ve zon çaplarının yorumlanması için kırılma noktası tabloları. Son erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2019.Available Available from: http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_8.0_Breakpoint_Tables.pdf
  • Klinik ve/veya epidemiyolojik öneme sahip spesifik dirençlerin ve direnç mekanizmalarının tespiti için EUCAST kılavuzları. Son erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2019. Available from: http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Resistance_mechanisms/EUCAST_detection_ of_resistance_mechanisms_170711.pd
  • Babjuk M, Böhle A, Burger M, Capoun O, Cohen D, Compérat EM, et al. EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2016. Eur Urol. 2017;71(3):447-461.
  • Jalil MB, Al Atbee MYN. The prevalence of multiple drug resistance Escherichia coli and Klebsiel-la pneumoniae isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(9):e24619.
  • Litwin MS, Saigal CS, Yano EM, Avila C, Geschwind SA, Hanley JM, et al. Urologic Diseases in America Project. Urologic diseases in America Project: analytical methods and principal findings. J Urol. 2005;173(3):933-7.
  • Alkan-Çeviker S, Günal Ö, Kılıç SS. Investigation of risk factors in recurrent urinary tract infections in adults. Klimik Derg. 2019; 32(3): 303-9.
  • Pullukçu H. Komplike üriner sistem infeksiyonları ve rehberler . ANKEM Derg 2012;26(Ek 2):163-168.
  • Baran C, Küçükcan A. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine cultures in Southern Turkey. Curr Urol. 2022;16(3):180-184.
  • Ayhan M, Kaya Kalem A, Hasanoğlu İ, Kayaaslan B, Güner R. Geriatrik hastalarda idrar yolu en-feksiyonları ve etkenlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 2022; 79(1): 115 - 122).
  • Duran H, Çeken N, Kula Atik T. İdrar kültüründen izole edilen Escherichia coli ve Klebsiella pneu-moniae suşlarının antibiyotik direnç oranları: Dört yıllık analiz. ANKEM Derg. 2020;34(2):417.
  • Kalyoncu BN, Koçoğlu ME, Özekinci T, Biçer RT, Aydın G, Önder N, ve ark. İstanbul’da bir şehir hastanesinde izole edilen üriner sistem patojenleri ve antibiyotik direnç profillerinin değer-lendirilmesi. ANKEM Derg. 2023;37(1):18-27.
  • Çilburunoğlu M, Kirişci Ö, Yerlikaya H, Uğurlu H, Aral M, Muratdağı G. Bir üniversite hastanesine gönderilen idrar kültürlerinde üreyen izolatların dağılımı ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılık profilinin incelenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Derg. 2020;10(4):677-83.
  • Salm J, Salm F, Arendarski P, Kramer TS. High antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in male outpatients in routine laboratory data, Germany, 2015 to 2020. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(30):2101012.
  • Kayalı S. Tekrarlayan üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarına neden olan bakteriyel üropatojenlerin dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2022;36(3):83-91.
  • Arslan H, Azap OK, Ergönül O, Timurkaynak F; Urinary Tract Infection Study Group. Risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from community-acquired uri-nary tract infections in Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56(5):914-918.
  • Şencan İ, Karabay O, Altay FA, Yıldız SS, Şimşek H, Gözükara MG, ve ark. Multidrug resistance in pathogens of community-acquired urinary tract infections in Turkey: a multicentre prospective ob-servational study. Turk J Med Sci. 2023;53(3):780-790.
  • Zilberberg MD, Nathanson BH, Sulham K, Shorr AF. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Cross-Resistance Patterns among Common Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in U.S. Hospitals, 2013 to 2018. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Jul 22;64(8):e00346-20.
  • Örmen B, Türker N, Sezak N, Kara Z, Kaptan Z, Demirdal T, ve ark. Cost Analysis of Ertapenem Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections and Assessment of Its Suitability for Outpatient Parenteral An-tibiotic Therapy Programme in Turkey. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2017; 6 :7.
  • Sendra E, López Montesinos I, Rodriguez-Alarcón A, Du J, Siverio-Parés A, Arenas-Miras M, et al. Comparative Analysis of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(11):1511.

Evaluation of Patients Followed with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 34 - 44, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1428784

Abstract

Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases and broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for its treatment. Increased use of these antibiotics is leading to a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance rates in the treatment of UTIs. In this study, we aimed to determine the causative agents and antibiotic resistance profile of these agents in patients with complicated urinary tract infections treated as inpatients in our clinic.
Methods: In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the inpatients with complicated urinary tract infections in our clinic within a one-year period.
Results: The study included 154 patients (69 (44.8%) were male, 85 (55.2%) were female) with a mean age of 68.9 ± 15.3 years. The most common comorbidities were essential hypertension (n:87, 56.5%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (n:74, 48.1%), and cerebrovascular disease/coronary artery disease (n:49, 31.8%). The most common UTI agents were E.coli (46.1%), Klebsiella spp (14.9%), and Candida spp (7.1%). While 42.6% of these E.coli produced extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), 13% of Klebsiella spp produced ESBL. The frequency of ciprofloxacin resistance was statistically significantly higher in ESBL-positive bacteria compared to ESBL-negative bacteria (84.8%/35.9%, p<0.001). Resistance rates to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (56.7% / 36.2%), amikacin(37% / 19%), and fosfomycin (13.3% / 28.1%), which may be alternative treatment options, were found to be at high levels, yet they were similar in ESBL-positive and negative bacteria.
Conclusion: Increasing rates of antibiotic resistance make the treatment of infections more difficult and costly. Therefore, appropriate antibiotics should be administered at the optimum dose and duration based on local and national surveillance data for the treatment of UTIs.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval (SÜKAEK-2023 3/10) was obtained from Samsun University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee before the study.

References

  • Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;13(5):269-84.
  • Klein RD, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(4):211-226.
  • Kitagawa K, Shigemura K, Yamamichi F, Alimsardjono L, Rahardjo D, Kuntaman K, et al. Interna-tional Comparison of Causative Bacteria and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Urinary Tract Infec-tions between Kobe, Japan, and Surabaya, Indonesia. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2018;71(1):8-13.
  • Kornfält Isberg H, Melander E, Hedin K, Mölstad S, Beckman A. Uncomplicated urinary tract infec-tions in Swedish primary care; etiology, resistance and treatment. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):155.
  • Ho HJ, Tan MX, Chen MI, Tan TY, Koo SH, Koong AYL, et al. Interaction between Antibiotic Re-sistance, Resistance Genes, and Treatment Response for Urinary Tract Infections in Primary Care. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(9):e00143-19.
  • 6.MİK'lerin ve zon çaplarının yorumlanması için kırılma noktası tabloları. Son erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2019.Available Available from: http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_8.0_Breakpoint_Tables.pdf
  • Klinik ve/veya epidemiyolojik öneme sahip spesifik dirençlerin ve direnç mekanizmalarının tespiti için EUCAST kılavuzları. Son erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2019. Available from: http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Resistance_mechanisms/EUCAST_detection_ of_resistance_mechanisms_170711.pd
  • Babjuk M, Böhle A, Burger M, Capoun O, Cohen D, Compérat EM, et al. EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2016. Eur Urol. 2017;71(3):447-461.
  • Jalil MB, Al Atbee MYN. The prevalence of multiple drug resistance Escherichia coli and Klebsiel-la pneumoniae isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(9):e24619.
  • Litwin MS, Saigal CS, Yano EM, Avila C, Geschwind SA, Hanley JM, et al. Urologic Diseases in America Project. Urologic diseases in America Project: analytical methods and principal findings. J Urol. 2005;173(3):933-7.
  • Alkan-Çeviker S, Günal Ö, Kılıç SS. Investigation of risk factors in recurrent urinary tract infections in adults. Klimik Derg. 2019; 32(3): 303-9.
  • Pullukçu H. Komplike üriner sistem infeksiyonları ve rehberler . ANKEM Derg 2012;26(Ek 2):163-168.
  • Baran C, Küçükcan A. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine cultures in Southern Turkey. Curr Urol. 2022;16(3):180-184.
  • Ayhan M, Kaya Kalem A, Hasanoğlu İ, Kayaaslan B, Güner R. Geriatrik hastalarda idrar yolu en-feksiyonları ve etkenlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 2022; 79(1): 115 - 122).
  • Duran H, Çeken N, Kula Atik T. İdrar kültüründen izole edilen Escherichia coli ve Klebsiella pneu-moniae suşlarının antibiyotik direnç oranları: Dört yıllık analiz. ANKEM Derg. 2020;34(2):417.
  • Kalyoncu BN, Koçoğlu ME, Özekinci T, Biçer RT, Aydın G, Önder N, ve ark. İstanbul’da bir şehir hastanesinde izole edilen üriner sistem patojenleri ve antibiyotik direnç profillerinin değer-lendirilmesi. ANKEM Derg. 2023;37(1):18-27.
  • Çilburunoğlu M, Kirişci Ö, Yerlikaya H, Uğurlu H, Aral M, Muratdağı G. Bir üniversite hastanesine gönderilen idrar kültürlerinde üreyen izolatların dağılımı ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılık profilinin incelenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Derg. 2020;10(4):677-83.
  • Salm J, Salm F, Arendarski P, Kramer TS. High antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in male outpatients in routine laboratory data, Germany, 2015 to 2020. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(30):2101012.
  • Kayalı S. Tekrarlayan üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarına neden olan bakteriyel üropatojenlerin dağılımı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2022;36(3):83-91.
  • Arslan H, Azap OK, Ergönül O, Timurkaynak F; Urinary Tract Infection Study Group. Risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from community-acquired uri-nary tract infections in Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56(5):914-918.
  • Şencan İ, Karabay O, Altay FA, Yıldız SS, Şimşek H, Gözükara MG, ve ark. Multidrug resistance in pathogens of community-acquired urinary tract infections in Turkey: a multicentre prospective ob-servational study. Turk J Med Sci. 2023;53(3):780-790.
  • Zilberberg MD, Nathanson BH, Sulham K, Shorr AF. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Cross-Resistance Patterns among Common Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in U.S. Hospitals, 2013 to 2018. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Jul 22;64(8):e00346-20.
  • Örmen B, Türker N, Sezak N, Kara Z, Kaptan Z, Demirdal T, ve ark. Cost Analysis of Ertapenem Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections and Assessment of Its Suitability for Outpatient Parenteral An-tibiotic Therapy Programme in Turkey. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2017; 6 :7.
  • Sendra E, López Montesinos I, Rodriguez-Alarcón A, Du J, Siverio-Parés A, Arenas-Miras M, et al. Comparative Analysis of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(11):1511.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Infection Agents
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bahar Busra Özkan 0000-0002-0939-8049

Özgür Günal 0000-0002-7744-4123

Mehmet Derya Demirag 0000-0001-5667-1805

Selda Sözen 0009-0002-3280-134X

Süleyman Sırrı Kilic 0000-0002-0238-8008

Early Pub Date June 30, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date February 1, 2024
Acceptance Date June 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özkan, B. B., Günal, Ö., Demirag, M. D., Sözen, S., et al. (2024). Evaluation of Patients Followed with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, 9(2), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1428784
AMA Özkan BB, Günal Ö, Demirag MD, Sözen S, Kilic SS. Evaluation of Patients Followed with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience. J Immunol Clin Microbiol. June 2024;9(2):34-44. doi:10.58854/jicm.1428784
Chicago Özkan, Bahar Busra, Özgür Günal, Mehmet Derya Demirag, Selda Sözen, and Süleyman Sırrı Kilic. “Evaluation of Patients Followed With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience”. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 9, no. 2 (June 2024): 34-44. https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1428784.
EndNote Özkan BB, Günal Ö, Demirag MD, Sözen S, Kilic SS (June 1, 2024) Evaluation of Patients Followed with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 9 2 34–44.
IEEE B. B. Özkan, Ö. Günal, M. D. Demirag, S. Sözen, and S. S. Kilic, “Evaluation of Patients Followed with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience”, J Immunol Clin Microbiol, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 34–44, 2024, doi: 10.58854/jicm.1428784.
ISNAD Özkan, Bahar Busra et al. “Evaluation of Patients Followed With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience”. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 9/2 (June 2024), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1428784.
JAMA Özkan BB, Günal Ö, Demirag MD, Sözen S, Kilic SS. Evaluation of Patients Followed with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience. J Immunol Clin Microbiol. 2024;9:34–44.
MLA Özkan, Bahar Busra et al. “Evaluation of Patients Followed With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience”. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, vol. 9, no. 2, 2024, pp. 34-44, doi:10.58854/jicm.1428784.
Vancouver Özkan BB, Günal Ö, Demirag MD, Sözen S, Kilic SS. Evaluation of Patients Followed with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Experience. J Immunol Clin Microbiol. 2024;9(2):34-4.

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