Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONAL HAPPINESS

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 22, 715 - 736, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.57135/jier.1803322

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between empowering leadership and organizational happiness based on teachers’ perceptions. It also investigated whether teachers’ views on these variables differed according to gender, educational level, marital status, professional seniority, school type, and duration of working with the current principal. A relational survey model, one of the quantitative research designs, was employed. The study population consisted of teachers working at various educational levels (preschool, primary, secondary, and high school) in Malatya during the 2024–2025 academic year. The sample included 778 teachers selected through the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Empowering Leadership Scale, and Organizational Happiness Scale. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression analyses were performed. The findings indicated that teachers reported high levels of empowering leadership and organizational happiness. Furthermore, a moderate and positive relationship was found between these variables. Empowering leadership was also identified as a significant predictor of organizational happiness, explaining approximately 48.7% of the variance.

References

  • Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J., & Rapp, A. (2005). To empower or not to empower your sales force? An empirical examination of the influence of leadership empowerment behavior on customer satisfaction and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 945–955. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.945
  • Akçakaya, M. (2010). 21. yüzyılda yeni liderlik anlayışı. Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Akın, M. (2010). Personeli güçlendirme algılaması, örgüt iklimi algılaması ve yaratıcı kişi özelliklerinin örgüt düzeyinde yaratıcı çıktılar üzerindeki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29, 211–238.
  • Alhassan, N., & Alhassan, N. (2022). Distributed leadership, teacher organizational commitment and teacher empowerment among private elementary school teachers in northern Ghana. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(2), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i2.301
  • Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2015). Linking empowering leadership to job satisfaction, work effort, and creativity: The role of self-leadership and psychological empowerment. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(3), 304–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051814565819
  • Arnold, J. A., Arad, S., Rhoades, J. A., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The empowering leadership questionnaire: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(3), 249–269.
  • Arslan, Y. ve Polat, S. (2017). Örgütsel mutluluk ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 23(4), 603–622.
  • Atik, S. ve Çelik, O. T. (2020). An investigation of the relationship between school principals’ empowering leadership style and teachers’ job satisfaction: The role of trust and psychological empowerment. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 12(3), 177–193.
  • Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Bilim, Y. ve Çelik, S. (2021). Kadın öğretmenlerin iş yaşam dengesi ve mesleki doyum ilişkisi. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 45–62.
  • Bulut, A. (2015). Ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinin örgütsel mutluluk algılarının incelenmesi: Bir norm çalışması [Doktora tezi, Gaziantep Üniversitesi].
  • Bursalıoğlu, Z. (1994). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2023). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
  • Carr, D., Freedman, V. A., Cornman, J. C., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Happy marriage, happy life? Marital quality and subjective well-being in later life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(1), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12283
  • Christensen, L. B., Johnson, B., & Turner, L. A. (2015). Araştırma yöntemleri: Desen ve analiz (A. Aypay, Çev.). Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Clark, A. E. (1997). Job satisfaction and gender: Why are women so happy at work? Labour Economics, 4(4), 341–372.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471–482.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.
  • Çakır, P. ve Yavuz, Y. (2022). Öğretmenler için örgütsel mutluluk ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Uluslararası Temel Eğitim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 66–79.
  • Çelik, S. ve Turunç, Ö. (2020). Örgütsel mutluluk ve çalışanların iş tatmini: Eğitim sektörü üzerine bir araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 7(2), 125–141.
  • Çevik, M. (2023). Effects of gender and marital status on the perception of paternalistic leadership: A meta-analysis study. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 10(3), 507–531. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1298691
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Dahiru, A., & Kayode, G. (2022). Mediating role of teacher empowerment on the relationship between instructional leadership and school effectiveness. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(2), 514–528. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i2/12333
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
  • Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–39.
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13(1), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00415
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2000). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
  • Doğan, T. ve Eryılmaz, A. (2012). Akademisyenlerde işle ilgili temel ihtiyaç doyumu ve öznel iyi oluş. Ege Academic Review, 12(3), 383–389.
  • Doğan, Ü. ve Aslan, M. (2022). Öğretmenlerin kaotik liderlik, örgütsel yabancılaşma ve örgütsel mutluluk algıları arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile incelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 460–485. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1061369
  • Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Harvard Business Review Press.
  • En, W. (2023). Research on the relationship between principal’s transformational leadership, teachers’ empowerment, and teachers’ well-being. IJER, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.33552/ijer.2023.01.000503
  • Erkutlu, H., & Chafra, J. (2015). Empowering leadership and organizational job embeddedness: The moderating roles of task interdependence and organizational politics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.321
  • Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
  • Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
  • Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486–489.
  • Gökyer, N., Okay, İ., Okay, B. ve Gökyer, U. (2023). The relationship between teachers’ perceptions of compliance with the psychological contract and school administrators’ empowering leadership behaviors. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 10(2), 395–410. https://doi.org/10.52380/ijcer.2023.10.2.319
  • Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219–247.
  • Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2008). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data. Pearson.
  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Callanan, G. A. (2010). Career management (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
  • Helliwell, J. F., & Huang, H. (2010). How’s the job? Well-being and social capital in the workplace. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 63(2), 205–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391006300202
  • Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press.
  • House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Addison-Wesley.
  • Huang, L., Ahlstrom, D., Lee, A., Chen, S. J., & Hsieh, H. H. (2022). Happiness in the workplace: Exploring its impact on employees’ organizational commitment and job performance. Journal of Business Research, 139, 1242–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.057
  • Jeon, H. J., Kwon, K. A., Walsh, B., Burnham, M. M., & Choi, Y. J. (2018). Relations of early childhood education teachers’ depressive symptoms, job-related stress, and professional motivation to beliefs about children and teaching practices. Early Education and Development, 30(1), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2018.1539822
  • Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalised self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80–92.
  • Judge, T. A., & Watanabe, S. (1993). Another look at the job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 939–948.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376–407.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2017). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Dinamik Akademi.
  • Kangal, A. (2013). Mutluluk üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme ve Türk hane halkı için bazı sonuçlar. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 214–233.
  • Karasar, N. (2023). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar ilkeler teknikler (38. Baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kasapoğlu Tankutay, H., & Çolak, İ. (2025). How school principals' empowering leadership influences teacher autonomy: The mediating role of teachers' academic optimism. British Educational Research Journal, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4125
  • Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58–74.
  • Kõiv, K., Liik, K., & Heidmets, M. (2019). School leadership, teacher’s psychological empowerment and work-related outcomes. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(7), 1501–1514. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2018-0232
  • Konan, N. ve Çelik, O. T. (2018). Güçlendirici liderlik ölçeğinin eğitim örgütleri için Türkçe’ye uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(4), 1043–1054.
  • Konczak, L. J., Stelly, D. J., & Trusty, M. L. (2000). Defining and measuring empowering leader behaviors: Development of an upward feedback instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(2), 301–313.
  • Köse, Ö. ve Kahveci, G. (2022). An analysis of relationship between schools’ DNA profiles and organizational happiness according to the perception of teachers. Journal of Education, 202(4), 365–374.
  • Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educational Review, 53(1), 27–35.
  • Langfeldt, J. (2021). Principals' empowering leadership behaviors and collective teacher efficacy: What's the relationship? [Yüksek lisans tezi]. University of Nebraska at Omaha.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260–272.
  • Lee, A. N., & Nie, Y. (2017). Teachers’ perceptions of school leaders’ empowering behaviours and psychological empowerment: Evidence from a Singapore sample. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(2), 260–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143215578448
  • Lee, A., Legood, A., Hughes, D. J., Tian, A. W., Newman, A., & Knight, C. (2020). Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(3), 431–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2435
  • Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2006). Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: Effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), 201–227.
  • Louis, K. S. (2006). Changing the culture of schools: Professional community, organizational learning, and trust. Journal of School Leadership, 16(5), 477–489.
  • Luthans, F. (2002). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 57–72.
  • Malatya Millî Eğitim Müdürlüğü. (2025). https://malatya.meb.gov.tr/
  • Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2001). New superleadership: Leading others to lead themselves. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  • Martin, S. L., Liao, H., & Campbell, E. M. (2013). Directive versus empowering leadership: A field experiment comparing impacts on task proficiency and proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1372–1395.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422.
  • Newman, A., Herman, H. M., Schwarz, G., & Nielsen, I. (2017). The effects of employees’ creative self-efficacy on innovative behavior: The role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 84, 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.003
  • Nguyen, D., Harris, A., & Ng, D. (2019). A review of the empirical research on teacher leadership (2003-2017). Journal of Educational Administration, 58(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/jea-02-2018-0023
  • Okçu, V., Cemaloğlu, N., & Ay, İ. (2025). The effect of school principals’ empowering leadership behaviors on well-being at work: The mediating role of organizational ostracism. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 34, 777–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-024-00895-6
  • Özen, F. (2018). The impact of the perception of organizational virtue on the perception of organizational happiness in educational organizations. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 13(4), 124–140. https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2018.178.7
  • Özer, F. ve Çelikten, M. (2023). An investigation of school administrators’ empowering leadership levels according to teachers’ views. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 9(114), 7739–7756.
  • Reza, A. H., & Leyli, B. E. (2016). Investigating the role of organizational happiness in teachers’ occupational burnout. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8(2), 1444–1465.
  • Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
  • Saira, S., Mansoor, S., & Ali, M. (2020). Transformational leadership and employee outcomes: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(1), 130–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-05-2020-0189
  • Salas-Vallina, A., Alegre, J., & Fernandez, R. (2017). Organizational learning capability and organizational happiness: An empirical study. Journal of Workplace Learning, 29(3), 206–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-09-2016-0085
  • Saleem, A., Aslam, S., Yin, H., & Rao, C. (2020). Principal leadership styles and teacher job performance: Viewpoint of middle management. Sustainability, 12(8), 3390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083390
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.595
  • Sebila, B. ve Cemaloğlu, N. (2025). The relationship between school administrators’ social justice leadership behaviors and teachers’ levels of organizational happiness. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 68, 423–437.
  • Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation Science, 7(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000211
  • Soylu, S. ve Okçu, V. (2022). Okul müdürlerinin güçlendirici liderlik davranışları ile öğretmenlerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 752–767. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.1103044
  • Spector, P. E. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice. John Wiley & Sons. Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465.
  • Su, Y., & Abd Rani, N. S. (2025). Empowering leadership and psychological capital: Drivers of teachers’ innovative behavior among international school teachers in Beijing City. Uniglobal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.53797/ujssh.v4i1.8.2025
  • Taylor, M. (2015). Work-life balance in education: The impact of career demands on teacher well-being. Journal of Educational Leadership, 23(2), 85–102.
  • Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666–681.
  • Töre, E. ve Uzun, B. (2024). The effect of empowering leadership characteristics of school principals according to teachers’ perceptions on teachers’ psychological ownership and work engagement. Participatory Educational Research, 11(3), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.40.11.3
  • Uğur, S. ve Uçar, R. (2020). The relationship between learning school and school happiness. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(11), 288–315.
  • Vatansever Bayraktar, H., & Girgin, S. (2020). The examination of teachers’ levels of organizational happiness. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(5), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n5p170
  • Warr, P. (2011). Work, happiness, and unhappiness. Psychology Press.
  • Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2004). The role of psychological well-being in job performance: A fresh look at an age-old quest. Organizational Dynamics, 33(4), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.09.002
  • Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0088
  • Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Pearson.
  • Yun, S., Cox, J., & Sims, H. (2006). The forgotten follower: A contingency model of leadership and follower self-leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(4), 374–388.
  • Zhang, S., Bowers, A., & Mao, Y. (2020). Authentic leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of interpersonal trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 768–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220915925
  • Zhang, S., Long, R., & Bowers, A. (2022). Supporting teacher knowledge sharing in China: The effect of principal authentic leadership, teacher psychological empowerment and interactional justice. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(5), 1252–1270. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221120330
  • Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118

Güçlendirici Liderlik ile Örgütsel Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 22, 715 - 736, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.57135/jier.1803322

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, öğretmenlerin algılarına göre güçlendirici liderlik ile örgütsel mutluluk arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin güçlendirici liderlik ve örgütsel mutluluğa ilişkin görüşlerinin; cinsiyet, öğrenim durumu, medeni durum, mesleki kıdem, okul türü ve mevcut okul müdürüyle çalışma süresi değişkenlerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Evreni, 2024–2025 eğitim-öğretim yılında Malatya ilindeki farklı kademelerde (okul öncesi, ilkokul, ortaokul, lise) görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmuştur. Örneklem, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 778 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Güçlendirici Liderlik Ölçeği” ve “Örgütsel Mutluluk Ölçeği” ile toplanmış; analizlerde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, bağımsız örneklemler t-testi, ANOVA, Pearson korelasyon ve basit doğrusal regresyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, öğretmenlerin güçlendirici liderlik ve örgütsel mutluluk düzeylerinin yüksek olduğunu ve iki değişken arasında pozitif yönlü, orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, güçlendirici liderliğin örgütsel mutluluğun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu ve toplam varyansın yaklaşık %48,7’sini açıkladığı belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J., & Rapp, A. (2005). To empower or not to empower your sales force? An empirical examination of the influence of leadership empowerment behavior on customer satisfaction and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 945–955. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.945
  • Akçakaya, M. (2010). 21. yüzyılda yeni liderlik anlayışı. Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Akın, M. (2010). Personeli güçlendirme algılaması, örgüt iklimi algılaması ve yaratıcı kişi özelliklerinin örgüt düzeyinde yaratıcı çıktılar üzerindeki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29, 211–238.
  • Alhassan, N., & Alhassan, N. (2022). Distributed leadership, teacher organizational commitment and teacher empowerment among private elementary school teachers in northern Ghana. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(2), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i2.301
  • Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2015). Linking empowering leadership to job satisfaction, work effort, and creativity: The role of self-leadership and psychological empowerment. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(3), 304–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051814565819
  • Arnold, J. A., Arad, S., Rhoades, J. A., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The empowering leadership questionnaire: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(3), 249–269.
  • Arslan, Y. ve Polat, S. (2017). Örgütsel mutluluk ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 23(4), 603–622.
  • Atik, S. ve Çelik, O. T. (2020). An investigation of the relationship between school principals’ empowering leadership style and teachers’ job satisfaction: The role of trust and psychological empowerment. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 12(3), 177–193.
  • Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Bilim, Y. ve Çelik, S. (2021). Kadın öğretmenlerin iş yaşam dengesi ve mesleki doyum ilişkisi. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 45–62.
  • Bulut, A. (2015). Ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinin örgütsel mutluluk algılarının incelenmesi: Bir norm çalışması [Doktora tezi, Gaziantep Üniversitesi].
  • Bursalıoğlu, Z. (1994). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2023). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
  • Carr, D., Freedman, V. A., Cornman, J. C., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Happy marriage, happy life? Marital quality and subjective well-being in later life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(1), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12283
  • Christensen, L. B., Johnson, B., & Turner, L. A. (2015). Araştırma yöntemleri: Desen ve analiz (A. Aypay, Çev.). Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Clark, A. E. (1997). Job satisfaction and gender: Why are women so happy at work? Labour Economics, 4(4), 341–372.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471–482.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.
  • Çakır, P. ve Yavuz, Y. (2022). Öğretmenler için örgütsel mutluluk ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Uluslararası Temel Eğitim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 66–79.
  • Çelik, S. ve Turunç, Ö. (2020). Örgütsel mutluluk ve çalışanların iş tatmini: Eğitim sektörü üzerine bir araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 7(2), 125–141.
  • Çevik, M. (2023). Effects of gender and marital status on the perception of paternalistic leadership: A meta-analysis study. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 10(3), 507–531. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1298691
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Dahiru, A., & Kayode, G. (2022). Mediating role of teacher empowerment on the relationship between instructional leadership and school effectiveness. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(2), 514–528. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i2/12333
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
  • Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–39.
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13(1), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00415
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2000). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
  • Doğan, T. ve Eryılmaz, A. (2012). Akademisyenlerde işle ilgili temel ihtiyaç doyumu ve öznel iyi oluş. Ege Academic Review, 12(3), 383–389.
  • Doğan, Ü. ve Aslan, M. (2022). Öğretmenlerin kaotik liderlik, örgütsel yabancılaşma ve örgütsel mutluluk algıları arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile incelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 460–485. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1061369
  • Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Harvard Business Review Press.
  • En, W. (2023). Research on the relationship between principal’s transformational leadership, teachers’ empowerment, and teachers’ well-being. IJER, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.33552/ijer.2023.01.000503
  • Erkutlu, H., & Chafra, J. (2015). Empowering leadership and organizational job embeddedness: The moderating roles of task interdependence and organizational politics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.321
  • Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
  • Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
  • Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486–489.
  • Gökyer, N., Okay, İ., Okay, B. ve Gökyer, U. (2023). The relationship between teachers’ perceptions of compliance with the psychological contract and school administrators’ empowering leadership behaviors. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 10(2), 395–410. https://doi.org/10.52380/ijcer.2023.10.2.319
  • Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219–247.
  • Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2008). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data. Pearson.
  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Callanan, G. A. (2010). Career management (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
  • Helliwell, J. F., & Huang, H. (2010). How’s the job? Well-being and social capital in the workplace. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 63(2), 205–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391006300202
  • Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press.
  • House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Addison-Wesley.
  • Huang, L., Ahlstrom, D., Lee, A., Chen, S. J., & Hsieh, H. H. (2022). Happiness in the workplace: Exploring its impact on employees’ organizational commitment and job performance. Journal of Business Research, 139, 1242–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.057
  • Jeon, H. J., Kwon, K. A., Walsh, B., Burnham, M. M., & Choi, Y. J. (2018). Relations of early childhood education teachers’ depressive symptoms, job-related stress, and professional motivation to beliefs about children and teaching practices. Early Education and Development, 30(1), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2018.1539822
  • Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalised self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80–92.
  • Judge, T. A., & Watanabe, S. (1993). Another look at the job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 939–948.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376–407.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2017). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Dinamik Akademi.
  • Kangal, A. (2013). Mutluluk üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme ve Türk hane halkı için bazı sonuçlar. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 214–233.
  • Karasar, N. (2023). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar ilkeler teknikler (38. Baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kasapoğlu Tankutay, H., & Çolak, İ. (2025). How school principals' empowering leadership influences teacher autonomy: The mediating role of teachers' academic optimism. British Educational Research Journal, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4125
  • Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58–74.
  • Kõiv, K., Liik, K., & Heidmets, M. (2019). School leadership, teacher’s psychological empowerment and work-related outcomes. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(7), 1501–1514. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2018-0232
  • Konan, N. ve Çelik, O. T. (2018). Güçlendirici liderlik ölçeğinin eğitim örgütleri için Türkçe’ye uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(4), 1043–1054.
  • Konczak, L. J., Stelly, D. J., & Trusty, M. L. (2000). Defining and measuring empowering leader behaviors: Development of an upward feedback instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(2), 301–313.
  • Köse, Ö. ve Kahveci, G. (2022). An analysis of relationship between schools’ DNA profiles and organizational happiness according to the perception of teachers. Journal of Education, 202(4), 365–374.
  • Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educational Review, 53(1), 27–35.
  • Langfeldt, J. (2021). Principals' empowering leadership behaviors and collective teacher efficacy: What's the relationship? [Yüksek lisans tezi]. University of Nebraska at Omaha.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260–272.
  • Lee, A. N., & Nie, Y. (2017). Teachers’ perceptions of school leaders’ empowering behaviours and psychological empowerment: Evidence from a Singapore sample. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(2), 260–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143215578448
  • Lee, A., Legood, A., Hughes, D. J., Tian, A. W., Newman, A., & Knight, C. (2020). Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(3), 431–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2435
  • Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2006). Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: Effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2), 201–227.
  • Louis, K. S. (2006). Changing the culture of schools: Professional community, organizational learning, and trust. Journal of School Leadership, 16(5), 477–489.
  • Luthans, F. (2002). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 57–72.
  • Malatya Millî Eğitim Müdürlüğü. (2025). https://malatya.meb.gov.tr/
  • Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2001). New superleadership: Leading others to lead themselves. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  • Martin, S. L., Liao, H., & Campbell, E. M. (2013). Directive versus empowering leadership: A field experiment comparing impacts on task proficiency and proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1372–1395.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422.
  • Newman, A., Herman, H. M., Schwarz, G., & Nielsen, I. (2017). The effects of employees’ creative self-efficacy on innovative behavior: The role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 84, 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.003
  • Nguyen, D., Harris, A., & Ng, D. (2019). A review of the empirical research on teacher leadership (2003-2017). Journal of Educational Administration, 58(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/jea-02-2018-0023
  • Okçu, V., Cemaloğlu, N., & Ay, İ. (2025). The effect of school principals’ empowering leadership behaviors on well-being at work: The mediating role of organizational ostracism. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 34, 777–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-024-00895-6
  • Özen, F. (2018). The impact of the perception of organizational virtue on the perception of organizational happiness in educational organizations. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 13(4), 124–140. https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2018.178.7
  • Özer, F. ve Çelikten, M. (2023). An investigation of school administrators’ empowering leadership levels according to teachers’ views. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 9(114), 7739–7756.
  • Reza, A. H., & Leyli, B. E. (2016). Investigating the role of organizational happiness in teachers’ occupational burnout. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8(2), 1444–1465.
  • Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
  • Saira, S., Mansoor, S., & Ali, M. (2020). Transformational leadership and employee outcomes: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(1), 130–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-05-2020-0189
  • Salas-Vallina, A., Alegre, J., & Fernandez, R. (2017). Organizational learning capability and organizational happiness: An empirical study. Journal of Workplace Learning, 29(3), 206–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-09-2016-0085
  • Saleem, A., Aslam, S., Yin, H., & Rao, C. (2020). Principal leadership styles and teacher job performance: Viewpoint of middle management. Sustainability, 12(8), 3390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083390
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.595
  • Sebila, B. ve Cemaloğlu, N. (2025). The relationship between school administrators’ social justice leadership behaviors and teachers’ levels of organizational happiness. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 68, 423–437.
  • Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation Science, 7(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000211
  • Soylu, S. ve Okçu, V. (2022). Okul müdürlerinin güçlendirici liderlik davranışları ile öğretmenlerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 752–767. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.1103044
  • Spector, P. E. (2008). Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice. John Wiley & Sons. Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465.
  • Su, Y., & Abd Rani, N. S. (2025). Empowering leadership and psychological capital: Drivers of teachers’ innovative behavior among international school teachers in Beijing City. Uniglobal Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.53797/ujssh.v4i1.8.2025
  • Taylor, M. (2015). Work-life balance in education: The impact of career demands on teacher well-being. Journal of Educational Leadership, 23(2), 85–102.
  • Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666–681.
  • Töre, E. ve Uzun, B. (2024). The effect of empowering leadership characteristics of school principals according to teachers’ perceptions on teachers’ psychological ownership and work engagement. Participatory Educational Research, 11(3), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.40.11.3
  • Uğur, S. ve Uçar, R. (2020). The relationship between learning school and school happiness. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(11), 288–315.
  • Vatansever Bayraktar, H., & Girgin, S. (2020). The examination of teachers’ levels of organizational happiness. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(5), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n5p170
  • Warr, P. (2011). Work, happiness, and unhappiness. Psychology Press.
  • Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2004). The role of psychological well-being in job performance: A fresh look at an age-old quest. Organizational Dynamics, 33(4), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.09.002
  • Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0088
  • Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Pearson.
  • Yun, S., Cox, J., & Sims, H. (2006). The forgotten follower: A contingency model of leadership and follower self-leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(4), 374–388.
  • Zhang, S., Bowers, A., & Mao, Y. (2020). Authentic leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of interpersonal trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 768–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220915925
  • Zhang, S., Long, R., & Bowers, A. (2022). Supporting teacher knowledge sharing in China: The effect of principal authentic leadership, teacher psychological empowerment and interactional justice. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(5), 1252–1270. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221120330
  • Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118
There are 107 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sertap Ateş 0009-0004-5825-8810

Servet Atik 0000-0003-2841-6182

Submission Date October 14, 2025
Acceptance Date December 28, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 22

Cite

APA Ateş, S., & Atik, S. (2025). Güçlendirici Liderlik ile Örgütsel Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(22), 715-736. https://doi.org/10.57135/jier.1803322

The Aim of The Journal

The Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Researches (JIER) published by the Interdisciplinary Educational and Research Association (JIER)A) is an internationally eminent journal.

JIER, a nonprofit, nonprofit NGO, is concerned with improving the education system within the context of its corporate objectives and social responsibility policies. JIER, has the potential to solve educational problems and has a strong gratification for the contributions of qualified scientific researchers.

JIER has the purpose of serving the construction of an education system that can win the knowledge and skills that each individual should have firstly in our country and then in the world. In addition, JIER serves to disseminate the academic work that contributes to the professional development of teachers and academicians, offering concrete solutions to the problems of all levels of education, from preschool education to higher education.

JIER has the priority to contribute to more qualified school practices. Creating and managing content within this context will help to advance towards the goal of being a "focus magazine" and "magazine school", and will also form the basis for a holistic view of educational issues. It also acts as an intermediary in the production of common mind for sustainable development and education