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Teacher's Mental Health: A Descriptive Study of Subject Specialist Teachers at Higher Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 13, 292 - 304, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.57135/jier.1127735

Abstract

Mental health is the ability of a person to deal with daily challenges. Mental health of teacher is one of the key factors that can play a role of barrier in path of effective teaching. In this regard, a descriptive research was conducted to explore the mental health among male and female subject specialist teachers at Higher Secondary School level. Therefore, sample of 141 subject specialists, both male (79) and female (62), were selected from 35 Higher Secondary Schools of district Peshawar through proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A standardized Mental health checklist was used for the collection of data.
The findings of the study revealed that both male and female teachers rarely suffer from mental problems and physical problems. Also, both the groups possessed better mental health. However, there is no significant difference between mental health of male and female teachers. According to findings of the study some recommendations are suggested.

Supporting Institution

Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar

References

  • Abkhoul, T. and Jenaabadi (2015). Comparative analysis of the relationship between job burnout and general health of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. Natural Science. 7, 391-399.
  • Adams, J., Khan, H. T., Raeside, R., & White, D. I. (2007). Research methods for graduate business and social science students. India: SAGE Publications.
  • American Heritage English Dictionary (4th ed.) (2006). America: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Antoniou, A. S., Ploumpi, A. and Ntalla, M. (2013). Occupational stress and professional burnout in teachers of primary and secondary education: the role of coping strategies. Psychology, 4, 349-355.
  • Antonious, A. S., Ploumpi, A. and Ntalla, M. (2013). Occupational stress and professional burnout in teachers of primary and secondary education: the role of coping strategies. Psychology, 4, 349-355.
  • Aragona, M., Monteduro, M. D., Colosimo, F., Maisano, B., & Geraci, S. (2008). Effect of gender and marital status on somatization symptoms of immigrants from various ethnic groups attending a primary care service. German J Psychiatry, 11(2), 64-72.
  • Bauer, J., Unterbrink, T., Hack, A., Pfeifer, R., Buhl-Grießhaber, V., Müller, U. (2007). Working conditions, adverse events and mental health problems in a sample of 949 German teachers. International Archieves of Occupational Environmental Health, 80, 442–449.
  • Bedi S. and Sehgal, M. (2012). “Gender differences on occupational stress, ways of coping and anxiety among college teachers,” Indian Journal of Psychological Science, 3(1), pp. 153–164.
  • Brooks, F. D. & Shaffer, L. F. (1951). Child psychology, London: Methuem and Co. Ltd.
  • Brophy, J. (1985). Interactions of male and female students with male and female teachers. In L.C. Wilkinson & C.B. Marrett (Eds), Gender influences in classroom interaction. New York: Academic Press. (pp. 115-142)
  • Castro, Y., Carbonell, J., & Anestis, J. (2012). The influence of gender role on the prediction of antisocial behaviour and somatization. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 58(4), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764011406807
  • Castro, Y., Carbonell, J., & Anestis, J. (2012). The influence of gender role on the prediction of antisocial behaviour and somatization. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 58(4), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764011406807
  • Cezar-Vaz, M. R., Bonow, C. A., Almeida, M. C., Rocha, L. P., & Borges, A. M. (2015). Mental Health of Elementary Schoolteachers in Southern Brazil: Working Conditions and Health Consequences. The Scientific World Journal, 2015, 1-6. doi:10.1155/2015/825925
  • Choudhary, R. (2001) Teacher Burn-out in relation to Occupational Stress, Mental Health Problems and Socio-economic Status- a factor analytical study. Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
  • Connelly, L. M. (2008). Pilot studies. Medsurg Nursing, 17(6), 411-2.
  • Dagar, N., & Mathur, M. (2016). Mental Health of School Teachers in relation to their Sex and type of School. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 6(1), 49-53.
  • Dessotte, C. A. M., Silva, F. S., Furuya, R. K., Ciol, M. A., Hoffman, J. M., & Dantas, R. A. S. (2015). Somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms among patients with heart disease: differences by sex and age. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 23(2), 208-215.
  • Dhingra, R. (1966). Educational psychology and guidance. Jalandhar: Punjab Kitab Ghar.
  • Droogenbroeck, F. V., & Spruyt, B. V. (2015). Do teachers have worse mental health? Review of the existing comparative research and results from the Belgian Health Interview Survey. Teaching and Teacher Education, 51, pp. 88–100.
  • EMIS-KP (2015-16). Retrieved from: https://www.kpese.gov.pk/Downloads/ASC/ASC%202015-16.pdf
  • Erden, A., Aytaç, T., & Erden, H. (2016). Gender effect on classroom management skills and competencies of teachers: A meta-analysis study. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1543-1557. doi:10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3607
  • George, D., and Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gholamitooranposhti, M. (2012). Teachers’ Mental health. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 69, 1295–1301.
  • Gliem, R. & Gliem, J. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
  • Good, T. L., Sikes, J. N., and Brophy, J. E. (1973). Effects of teacher sex and student sex on classroom interaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(1), 74-87.
  • Gorsy, C., Panwar, N., & Sandeep K., (2015). Mental Health among Government School Teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3, pp. 117-124.
  • Gorsy, C., Panwar, N., & Sandeep K., (2015). Mental Health among Government School Teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3, pp. 117-124.
  • Harding, S., Morris, R., Gunnell, D., Ford, T., Hollingworth, W., Tilling, K., … Kidger, J. (2019). Is teachers’ mental health and wellbeing associated with students’ mental health and wellbeing? Journal of Affective Disorders, 242, 180–187. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.080
  • Hilgard, E. R. (1957). The Human dimension in teaching. College and University Bulletin, Teaching. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 17, 1-3.
  • International Commission on Education. (1996). Treasure within report to U N E S C O of the International commission on education for the twenty first century U.N. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000109590
  • Jones, K. A., Jones, J. L., & Vermette, P. J. (2011). Six common lesson planning pitfalls: Recommendations for novice educators. Education, 131(4), 845-864.
  • Khan, A. A., Khan, A., Harezlak, J., Tu, W., & Kroenke, K. (2003). Somatic symptoms in primary care: Etiology and outcome. Psychosomatics, 44(6), 471–478.
  • Khan, S., and Beena, S. (2008). Teacher Burnout in Relation to Mental Health. Edutracks, 7(9).
  • Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology. Methods and techniques (2nd Revised Ed). New Delhi. New Age International Publishers.
  • Kumar, P. (1992). Mental health check list (MHC). Agra: National Psychological Corporation.
  • Kumar, S. ( 2003). A Psycho-Social Study of Mental Health of Teachers Administrators and Employees. Allahabad University, Allahabad.
  • Lei, W. (2007). Mental health of college teachers and its relationship with achievement motive. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, 11(39), 7834–7837.
  • Mundia, L. (2013). Relationship Between Mental Health and Teaching. International Journal of Mental Health, 42(2-3), 73–98. doi: 10.2753/imh0020-7411420205
  • Nagai M., Tsuchiya K. J., Toulopoulou T., Takei, N. (2007). Poor mental health associated with job dissatisfaction among school teachers in Japan. Journal of Occupational Health, 49(6), 515–522.
  • Nathawat, S. S. (1997). Value based quality of life. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 101-102.
  • Nibedita, N. (2005). Mental Health and Adjustment of Secondary School Teachers Influencing Development of Self Concept in Teachers. Utkal University, Bhubaneshwar.
  • Pachaiyappan, P., & Dushalaya, R. (2012). Mental Health of Secondary and Higher Secondary School Teachers - An Analysis. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(2), 117–119. doi: 10.15373/22778179/feb2014/37
  • Raja, B., William, D., and Thiagarajan, A. P. (1998). Teacher-Effectiveness and School Organizational Climate of Boys’ Higher Secondary Schools in Tuticorin. Sixth Survey of Educational Research 1993-2000. National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
  • Ravichandran, R., and Rajendran, R. (2008). Perceived Sources of Stress among the Teachers. National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chennai
  • Robson, C. (2002). Real world research. 2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Malden
  • Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of research design. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412961288
  • Sebastian, V. (2016). TEACHER’S MENTAL HEALTH –IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING-LEARNING. Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, 4(23), 6181–6187. doi: https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v4i23.9709
  • Silver, M. (1999). Picture stories and mental health. Cultural adjustment mental health and ESL: the refugee experience the role of the teacher and ESL activities”. Denver, Co: Spring Institute for International Studies.
  • Singh, M., and Girish, S. (2006). Assessment of Mental Health Status of Middle-Aged Female School Teachers of Varanasi City. The Internet Journal of Health. 5(1).
  • Srivastava, S., and Asthana, M. (2008). Social Support and Mental Health: A Study of Working Women. Psycho-lingua , 38(1), 97-100.
  • Surgeon General’s Report (1999). Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Md: Dept. of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service.
  • Taylor, S. E., and Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and Wellbeing: A Social Psychological Prospective on Mental Health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
  • White, P. D. (2013). Functional somatic syndromes may be either “polysyndromic” or “monosyndromic”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 74, 2–3.
  • World Health Organization (2004). Prevention of mental disorders: Effective interventions and policy options. A report of the WHO Geneva and the prevention research center, Universities of Nijmegen and Maastricht: World Health Organization.
  • Yang, J. Y., Lu, H. Y., Zhao, S. Y., (2012). Correlation between the teaching efficacy and mental health of middle school teachers. Educ. Res. Exp., (1), pp. 20–24.
  • Yanga, R., Youb, X., Zhangb, Y., Lianc L., Feng, W. (2019). Teachers’ mental health becoming worse: The case of China. International Journal of Educational Development, 70. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102077
  • Zhang Y., Deng, X., Li, W. (2006). Investigation of mental health state of junior high school teachers in underdevelopment area in country. China Journal of Health Psychology, 14(1), 83–85.

Teacher's Mental Health: A Descriptive Study of Subject Specialist Teachers at Higher Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 13, 292 - 304, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.57135/jier.1127735

Abstract

Ruh sağlığı, bir kişinin günlük zorluklarla başa çıkma yeteneğidir. Öğretmenin ruh sağlığı, etkili öğretimin yolunda engel rolü oynayabilecek en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bu bağlamda, Ortaokul düzeyindeki kadın ve erkek branş öğretmenleri arasında ruh sağlığını araştırmak için betimsel bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle, hem erkek (79) hem de kadın (62) olmak üzere 141 konu uzmanından oluşan örneklem, orantılı tabakalı rastgele örnekleme tekniği ile Peşaver ilçesinin 35 Yüksek Ortaokulundan seçilmiştir. Verilerin toplanması için standart bir Ruh sağlığı kontrol listesi kullanıldı.
Araştırmanın bulguları, hem erkek hem de kadın öğretmenlerin nadiren zihinsel ve fiziksel sorunlar yaşadığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, her iki grup da daha iyi zihinsel sağlığa sahipti. Ancak erkek ve kadın öğretmenlerin ruh sağlıkları arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Abkhoul, T. and Jenaabadi (2015). Comparative analysis of the relationship between job burnout and general health of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. Natural Science. 7, 391-399.
  • Adams, J., Khan, H. T., Raeside, R., & White, D. I. (2007). Research methods for graduate business and social science students. India: SAGE Publications.
  • American Heritage English Dictionary (4th ed.) (2006). America: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Antoniou, A. S., Ploumpi, A. and Ntalla, M. (2013). Occupational stress and professional burnout in teachers of primary and secondary education: the role of coping strategies. Psychology, 4, 349-355.
  • Antonious, A. S., Ploumpi, A. and Ntalla, M. (2013). Occupational stress and professional burnout in teachers of primary and secondary education: the role of coping strategies. Psychology, 4, 349-355.
  • Aragona, M., Monteduro, M. D., Colosimo, F., Maisano, B., & Geraci, S. (2008). Effect of gender and marital status on somatization symptoms of immigrants from various ethnic groups attending a primary care service. German J Psychiatry, 11(2), 64-72.
  • Bauer, J., Unterbrink, T., Hack, A., Pfeifer, R., Buhl-Grießhaber, V., Müller, U. (2007). Working conditions, adverse events and mental health problems in a sample of 949 German teachers. International Archieves of Occupational Environmental Health, 80, 442–449.
  • Bedi S. and Sehgal, M. (2012). “Gender differences on occupational stress, ways of coping and anxiety among college teachers,” Indian Journal of Psychological Science, 3(1), pp. 153–164.
  • Brooks, F. D. & Shaffer, L. F. (1951). Child psychology, London: Methuem and Co. Ltd.
  • Brophy, J. (1985). Interactions of male and female students with male and female teachers. In L.C. Wilkinson & C.B. Marrett (Eds), Gender influences in classroom interaction. New York: Academic Press. (pp. 115-142)
  • Castro, Y., Carbonell, J., & Anestis, J. (2012). The influence of gender role on the prediction of antisocial behaviour and somatization. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 58(4), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764011406807
  • Castro, Y., Carbonell, J., & Anestis, J. (2012). The influence of gender role on the prediction of antisocial behaviour and somatization. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 58(4), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764011406807
  • Cezar-Vaz, M. R., Bonow, C. A., Almeida, M. C., Rocha, L. P., & Borges, A. M. (2015). Mental Health of Elementary Schoolteachers in Southern Brazil: Working Conditions and Health Consequences. The Scientific World Journal, 2015, 1-6. doi:10.1155/2015/825925
  • Choudhary, R. (2001) Teacher Burn-out in relation to Occupational Stress, Mental Health Problems and Socio-economic Status- a factor analytical study. Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
  • Connelly, L. M. (2008). Pilot studies. Medsurg Nursing, 17(6), 411-2.
  • Dagar, N., & Mathur, M. (2016). Mental Health of School Teachers in relation to their Sex and type of School. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 6(1), 49-53.
  • Dessotte, C. A. M., Silva, F. S., Furuya, R. K., Ciol, M. A., Hoffman, J. M., & Dantas, R. A. S. (2015). Somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms among patients with heart disease: differences by sex and age. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 23(2), 208-215.
  • Dhingra, R. (1966). Educational psychology and guidance. Jalandhar: Punjab Kitab Ghar.
  • Droogenbroeck, F. V., & Spruyt, B. V. (2015). Do teachers have worse mental health? Review of the existing comparative research and results from the Belgian Health Interview Survey. Teaching and Teacher Education, 51, pp. 88–100.
  • EMIS-KP (2015-16). Retrieved from: https://www.kpese.gov.pk/Downloads/ASC/ASC%202015-16.pdf
  • Erden, A., Aytaç, T., & Erden, H. (2016). Gender effect on classroom management skills and competencies of teachers: A meta-analysis study. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1543-1557. doi:10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3607
  • George, D., and Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gholamitooranposhti, M. (2012). Teachers’ Mental health. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 69, 1295–1301.
  • Gliem, R. & Gliem, J. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
  • Good, T. L., Sikes, J. N., and Brophy, J. E. (1973). Effects of teacher sex and student sex on classroom interaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(1), 74-87.
  • Gorsy, C., Panwar, N., & Sandeep K., (2015). Mental Health among Government School Teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3, pp. 117-124.
  • Gorsy, C., Panwar, N., & Sandeep K., (2015). Mental Health among Government School Teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3, pp. 117-124.
  • Harding, S., Morris, R., Gunnell, D., Ford, T., Hollingworth, W., Tilling, K., … Kidger, J. (2019). Is teachers’ mental health and wellbeing associated with students’ mental health and wellbeing? Journal of Affective Disorders, 242, 180–187. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.080
  • Hilgard, E. R. (1957). The Human dimension in teaching. College and University Bulletin, Teaching. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 17, 1-3.
  • International Commission on Education. (1996). Treasure within report to U N E S C O of the International commission on education for the twenty first century U.N. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000109590
  • Jones, K. A., Jones, J. L., & Vermette, P. J. (2011). Six common lesson planning pitfalls: Recommendations for novice educators. Education, 131(4), 845-864.
  • Khan, A. A., Khan, A., Harezlak, J., Tu, W., & Kroenke, K. (2003). Somatic symptoms in primary care: Etiology and outcome. Psychosomatics, 44(6), 471–478.
  • Khan, S., and Beena, S. (2008). Teacher Burnout in Relation to Mental Health. Edutracks, 7(9).
  • Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology. Methods and techniques (2nd Revised Ed). New Delhi. New Age International Publishers.
  • Kumar, P. (1992). Mental health check list (MHC). Agra: National Psychological Corporation.
  • Kumar, S. ( 2003). A Psycho-Social Study of Mental Health of Teachers Administrators and Employees. Allahabad University, Allahabad.
  • Lei, W. (2007). Mental health of college teachers and its relationship with achievement motive. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, 11(39), 7834–7837.
  • Mundia, L. (2013). Relationship Between Mental Health and Teaching. International Journal of Mental Health, 42(2-3), 73–98. doi: 10.2753/imh0020-7411420205
  • Nagai M., Tsuchiya K. J., Toulopoulou T., Takei, N. (2007). Poor mental health associated with job dissatisfaction among school teachers in Japan. Journal of Occupational Health, 49(6), 515–522.
  • Nathawat, S. S. (1997). Value based quality of life. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 101-102.
  • Nibedita, N. (2005). Mental Health and Adjustment of Secondary School Teachers Influencing Development of Self Concept in Teachers. Utkal University, Bhubaneshwar.
  • Pachaiyappan, P., & Dushalaya, R. (2012). Mental Health of Secondary and Higher Secondary School Teachers - An Analysis. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(2), 117–119. doi: 10.15373/22778179/feb2014/37
  • Raja, B., William, D., and Thiagarajan, A. P. (1998). Teacher-Effectiveness and School Organizational Climate of Boys’ Higher Secondary Schools in Tuticorin. Sixth Survey of Educational Research 1993-2000. National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
  • Ravichandran, R., and Rajendran, R. (2008). Perceived Sources of Stress among the Teachers. National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chennai
  • Robson, C. (2002). Real world research. 2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Malden
  • Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of research design. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412961288
  • Sebastian, V. (2016). TEACHER’S MENTAL HEALTH –IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING-LEARNING. Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, 4(23), 6181–6187. doi: https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v4i23.9709
  • Silver, M. (1999). Picture stories and mental health. Cultural adjustment mental health and ESL: the refugee experience the role of the teacher and ESL activities”. Denver, Co: Spring Institute for International Studies.
  • Singh, M., and Girish, S. (2006). Assessment of Mental Health Status of Middle-Aged Female School Teachers of Varanasi City. The Internet Journal of Health. 5(1).
  • Srivastava, S., and Asthana, M. (2008). Social Support and Mental Health: A Study of Working Women. Psycho-lingua , 38(1), 97-100.
  • Surgeon General’s Report (1999). Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Md: Dept. of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service.
  • Taylor, S. E., and Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and Wellbeing: A Social Psychological Prospective on Mental Health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
  • White, P. D. (2013). Functional somatic syndromes may be either “polysyndromic” or “monosyndromic”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 74, 2–3.
  • World Health Organization (2004). Prevention of mental disorders: Effective interventions and policy options. A report of the WHO Geneva and the prevention research center, Universities of Nijmegen and Maastricht: World Health Organization.
  • Yang, J. Y., Lu, H. Y., Zhao, S. Y., (2012). Correlation between the teaching efficacy and mental health of middle school teachers. Educ. Res. Exp., (1), pp. 20–24.
  • Yanga, R., Youb, X., Zhangb, Y., Lianc L., Feng, W. (2019). Teachers’ mental health becoming worse: The case of China. International Journal of Educational Development, 70. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102077
  • Zhang Y., Deng, X., Li, W. (2006). Investigation of mental health state of junior high school teachers in underdevelopment area in country. China Journal of Health Psychology, 14(1), 83–85.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Educational Psychology
Journal Section Eğitim Bilimleri
Authors

Rashid Mehmood 0000-0003-2638-0198

Muhammad Inamullah 0000-0003-0925-9812

Mehmet Çerçikaya 0000-0002-9070-5092

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date June 8, 2022
Acceptance Date October 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 13

Cite

APA Mehmood, R., Inamullah, M., & Çerçikaya, M. (2022). Teacher’s Mental Health: A Descriptive Study of Subject Specialist Teachers at Higher Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(13), 292-304. https://doi.org/10.57135/jier.1127735