Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde Kapsayıcı Eğitim: Algı, Politika ve Yapıya Bir Bakış

Öz

Kapsayıcı eğitim tüm dünyada farklı şekilde kavramsallaştırılır, ancak kuşkusuz “dâhil etme/kapsama” kelimesi ilk olarak engelli öğrencileri aklımıza getirir. Son elli yıl içerisinde “Herkes için Eğitim” mücadelesi geliştikçe, kapsayıcılık kavramı da zaman içerisinde gelişmiştir. Dünyadaki nüfus daha çeşitli hale geldikçe, terim Amerika'daki göçmenleri, çeşitli ırkları ve etnik kökenleri ve farklı kültürleri kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmiştir. Bu makale, engelli öğrencilerle ilgili mevzuat da dâhil olmak üzere Amerika'daki okulların yapısını incelemektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kapsayıcılığın nasıl kavramsallaştırıldığı ve bazı durumlarda Amerika'daki devlet okullarında nasıl engellendiği hakkında paylaşımları içermektedir. Özel eğitimde ırksal eşitsizlikler konusunda bazı tartışmalar bulunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, kapsayıcılığın göçmenler için nasıl geçerli olduğu ve Amerika'ya “yeni gelenleri” eğitilmeleri hakkında bazı bilgiler de dâhil edilmiştir. Engeli olan öğrencilerin eğitimde kapsanmasına ilişkin öğretmen ve ebeveyn algıları da ele alınmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kapsama
• Göçmenler
• Amerika
• Engeli olan çocuklar

Inclusive Education in the United States of America: A Glimpse into Perceptions, Policy, and Structure

Abstract

Inclusion is conceptualized differently around the globe but undoubtedly the word inclusion brings to mind students with disabilities. The notion of inclusion has evolved over time as the fight for the education for all people has evolved over the last fifty years. As populations around the globe become more diverse, the term has been expanded to the inclusion of immigrants, various races and ethnicities, and diverse cultures in America. This article explores the structure of schools in America including the legislation around students with disabilities. Insight is shared about how inclusion is conceptualized in the United States and, in some cases, how it is hindered in public schools in America. There is some discussion on the topic issues of racial disparities in special education. In addition, information on how inclusion applies to immigrants and some issues of educating “newcomers” to America is also included. Teacher and parent perceptions of inclusion of students with disabilities are explored as well.

Keywords

• Inclusion
• Immigrants
• United States
• Students with Disabilities

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