U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic

Victor Bahhouth; Andrew Bahhouth

doi:10.48121/jihsam.1753550

U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic

Abstract

This paper examines the United States health care system challenges during COVID-19 pandemic. It tests the transgenerational groups’ health care affordability during the pandemic, considering the various demographic and socio–demographic characteristics that influenced such experiences. We first hypothesize that different generations’ medical challenges were not felt equally across the generations. Second, our hypothesis is that the characteristics of different groups with different medical challenges were also not the same. To test our hypotheses, we use data from the 2021 wave of the National Financial Capability Survey (NFCS), apply Chi–Square tests, and estimate logistic regressions. The overall results are supportive of our hypotheses. The paper advances knowledge of the intricate connection between medical costs and financial hardship in cross-generational settings during the COVID-19 epidemic. To overcome the continuous difficulties brought on by health crises and economic downturns, it emphasizes the significance of developing social cohesion and economic resilience across generations.

Keywords

Project Number

None

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Health Care Administration

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Victor Bahhouth ^*
0000-0002-9377-0893
United States

Andrew Bahhouth This is me
0009-0005-7765-0049
United States

Publication Date

October 31, 2025

Submission Date

July 31, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 31, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 22

DOI

https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1753550

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA54ST33MN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bahhouth, V., & Bahhouth, A. (2025). U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 11(22), 119-128. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1753550

AMA

1.Bahhouth V, Bahhouth A. U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2025;11(22):119-128. doi:10.48121/jihsam.1753550

Chicago

Bahhouth, Victor, and Andrew Bahhouth. 2025. “U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 11 (22): 119-28. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1753550.

EndNote

Bahhouth V, Bahhouth A (October 1, 2025) U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 11 22 119–128.

IEEE

[1]V. Bahhouth and A. Bahhouth, “U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic”, Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 11, no. 22, pp. 119–128, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.48121/jihsam.1753550.

ISNAD

Bahhouth, Victor - Bahhouth, Andrew. “U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 11/22 (October 1, 2025): 119-128. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1753550.

JAMA

1.Bahhouth V, Bahhouth A. U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2025;11:119–128.

MLA

Bahhouth, Victor, and Andrew Bahhouth. “U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 11, no. 22, Oct. 2025, pp. 119-28, doi:10.48121/jihsam.1753550.

Vancouver

1.Victor Bahhouth, Andrew Bahhouth. U.S. Health Care System Challenges: Examining Health Care Affordability Across Generations – Empirical Evidence of COVID–19 Pandemic. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2025 Oct. 1;11(22):119-28. doi:10.48121/jihsam.1753550