Research Article

THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)

Number: 4 April 30, 2022
  • Benjamin Fellegi *
EN TR

THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)

Abstract

Geopolitical thought goes back to many centuries, as it is rooted in both history and geography. Its modern formulation, however, began in the latter part of the 19th century. This was the time when the British Empire was still a hegemon, although its relative power was in decline. The newcomers, however, were rising fast. Tsarist Russia, the young German Empire, Imperial Japan, and the American colossus of the Western Hemisphere all slowly but surely ate away the dominance of Britain. This situation was reflected by a transformation of the international order, great power rivalry, and vivid geopolitical opining. This paper focuses on the latter. More precisely, the geopolitical thought of the American naval officer and historian Alfred Mahan, and that of British geographer, historian, and politician, Halford Mackinder. Their clashing views signified the antagonism between land and sea powers, a theoretical manifestation of the real opposition between the naval powers and land-based powers of both their era and history. This framework would go on to have a great impact upon strategic thinking and exert influence on geopolitics up until today.

Keywords

References

  1. Mackinder, Halford (1904/2018). The Geographical Pivot of History, Singapore: Origami Books. Mackinder, Halford (1914). The Modern British State: An Introduction to the Study of Civics, London: George Philip and Son.
  2. Mahan, Alfred (1890/1965). The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783. London: Methuen & Co.
  3. Mahan, Alfred (1893/2010). The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793-1812, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  4. Mahan, Alfred (1900) The Problem of Asia and its Effects upon International Politics, Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
  5. Mahan, Alfred (1906/2008). From Sail to Steam: Recollections of Naval Life. Moscow: Dodo Press.
  6. Mahan, Alfred (1908). Naval Administration and Warfare: Some General Principles with Other Essays, London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company.
  7. Mahan, Alfred (1917). The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future, Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Relations

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Benjamin Fellegi * This is me
0000-0003-1526-2751
Hungary

Publication Date

April 30, 2022

Submission Date

January 20, 2022

Acceptance Date

April 6, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Number: 4

APA
Fellegi, B. (2022). THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914). Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies, 4, 1-18. https://izlik.org/JA43CY96AC
AMA
1.Fellegi B. THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914). JIRPSS. 2022;(4):1-18. https://izlik.org/JA43CY96AC
Chicago
Fellegi, Benjamin. 2022. “THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)”. Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies, nos. 4: 1-18. https://izlik.org/JA43CY96AC.
EndNote
Fellegi B (April 1, 2022) THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914). Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies 4 1–18.
IEEE
[1]B. Fellegi, “THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)”, JIRPSS, no. 4, pp. 1–18, Apr. 2022, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA43CY96AC
ISNAD
Fellegi, Benjamin. “THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)”. Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies. 4 (April 1, 2022): 1-18. https://izlik.org/JA43CY96AC.
JAMA
1.Fellegi B. THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914). JIRPSS. 2022;:1–18.
MLA
Fellegi, Benjamin. “THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)”. Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies, no. 4, Apr. 2022, pp. 1-18, https://izlik.org/JA43CY96AC.
Vancouver
1.Benjamin Fellegi. THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914). JIRPSS [Internet]. 2022 Apr. 1;(4):1-18. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA43CY96AC