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THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)

Year 2022, Issue: 4, 1 - 18, 30.04.2022

Abstract

Geopolitical thought goes back to many centuries, as it is rooted in both history and geography. Its modern formulation, however, began in the latter part of the 19th century. This was the time when the British Empire was still a hegemon, although its relative power was in decline. The newcomers, however, were rising fast. Tsarist Russia, the young German Empire, Imperial Japan, and the American colossus of the Western Hemisphere all slowly but surely ate away the dominance of Britain. This situation was reflected by a transformation of the international order, great power rivalry, and vivid geopolitical opining. This paper focuses on the latter. More precisely, the geopolitical thought of the American naval officer and historian Alfred Mahan, and that of British geographer, historian, and politician, Halford Mackinder. Their clashing views signified the antagonism between land and sea powers, a theoretical manifestation of the real opposition between the naval powers and land-based powers of both their era and history. This framework would go on to have a great impact upon strategic thinking and exert influence on geopolitics up until today.

References

  • Mackinder, Halford (1904/2018). The Geographical Pivot of History, Singapore: Origami Books. Mackinder, Halford (1914). The Modern British State: An Introduction to the Study of Civics, London: George Philip and Son.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1890/1965). The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783. London: Methuen & Co.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1893/2010). The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793-1812, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1900) The Problem of Asia and its Effects upon International Politics, Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1906/2008). From Sail to Steam: Recollections of Naval Life. Moscow: Dodo Press.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1908). Naval Administration and Warfare: Some General Principles with Other Essays, London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1917). The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future, Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

HALFORD MACKINDER VE ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914)'NİN JEOPOLİTİK DÜŞÜNCELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI JEOPOLİTİKTE KARA VE DENİZ ÇATIŞMASI

Year 2022, Issue: 4, 1 - 18, 30.04.2022

Abstract

Jeopolitik düşüncenin kökleri hem tarihe hem de coğrafyaya dayandığı için yüzyıllar öncesine uzanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, modern formülasyonu 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında başlamıştır. Bu, göreli gücünün düşüşte olmasına rağmen, Britanya İmparatorluğu'nun hâlâ bir hegemon olduğu zamandı. Ancak yeni gelenler hızla yükseliyordu. Çarlık Rusyası, genç Alman İmparatorluğu, İmparatorluk Japonya ve Batı Yarımküre'deki Amerikan devleri, Britanya'nın egemenliğini yavaş ama emin adımlarla yiyip bitirdiler. Bu durum, uluslararası düzenin dönüşümü, büyük güç rekabeti ve canlı jeopolitik görüş tarafından yansıtıldı. Bu makale ikincisine odaklanmaktadır. Daha doğrusu, Amerikan deniz subayı ve tarihçi Alfred Mahan'ın ve İngiliz coğrafyacı, tarihçi ve politikacı Halford Mackinder'ın jeopolitik düşüncelerine. Çatışan görüşleri, kara ve deniz güçleri arasındaki karşıtlığı, hem dönemlerinin hem de tarihlerinin deniz güçleri ile karada yerleşik güçler arasındaki gerçek karşıtlığın teorik bir tezahürü anlamına geliyordu. Bu çerçeve bugüne kadar stratejik düşünce ve jeopolitik üzerinde etki yaratmaya devam edecektir

References

  • Mackinder, Halford (1904/2018). The Geographical Pivot of History, Singapore: Origami Books. Mackinder, Halford (1914). The Modern British State: An Introduction to the Study of Civics, London: George Philip and Son.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1890/1965). The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783. London: Methuen & Co.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1893/2010). The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793-1812, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1900) The Problem of Asia and its Effects upon International Politics, Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1906/2008). From Sail to Steam: Recollections of Naval Life. Moscow: Dodo Press.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1908). Naval Administration and Warfare: Some General Principles with Other Essays, London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company.
  • Mahan, Alfred (1917). The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future, Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
There are 7 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Benjamin Fellegi This is me 0000-0003-1526-2751

Early Pub Date April 23, 2022
Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date January 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Fellegi, B. (2022). THE CONFLICT OF LAND AND SEA IN GEOPOLITICS COMPARING THE GEOPOLITICAL THINKING OF HALFORD MACKINDER AND ALFRED MAHAN (1890-1914). Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies(4), 1-18.