Research Article

Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State

Volume: 6 Number: 1 June 30, 2026
TR EN

Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State

Abstract

Why do states possessing overwhelming military superiority continually fail to achieve lasting political victory against religious insurgencies? This article takes a look at the that question through a comparative analysis of Boko Haram, ISIS, Hamas, and the Taliban alongside the contrasting case of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka. Leveraging strategic studies, counterinsurgency theory, and Olivier Roy’s concept of deterritorialised ideology, the article argues that military superiority is at many times insufficient where insurgent movements are sustained by transnational ideological frameworks capable of surviving territorial defeat, leadership decapitation, and organisational fragmentation. The study develops a comparative framework examining military, political, and societal dimensions of conflict outcomes in conventional and asymmetric warfare contexts. It argues that religious ideology functions not just as a mobilisation tool, but as a durable source of legitimacy and organisational rebirth interacting with governance failure, external sanctuary, and social embeddedness. The LTTE case establishes that permanent military defeat of a non-state actor is possible under specific structural conditions, including centralised leadership, territorially bounded objectives, and the absence of deterritorialised ideological mobilisation. The findings suggest that counterinsurgency strategies focused primarily on kinetic operations are unlikely to yield a lasting political settlement, especially where insurgencies stay within resilient ideological and social structures.

Keywords

asymmetric warfare, insurgency, centre of gravity, Operation Hadin Kai, counterinsurgency

References

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APA
Okon, I. (2026). Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1955500
AMA
1.Okon I. Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State. Journal of International Relations Studies. 2026;6(1):29-42. doi:10.62425/jirs.1955500
Chicago
Okon, Idiongomfon. 2026. “Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 6 (1): 29-42. https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1955500.
EndNote
Okon I (June 1, 2026) Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 6 1 29–42.
IEEE
[1]I. Okon, “Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State”, Journal of International Relations Studies, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 29–42, June 2026, doi: 10.62425/jirs.1955500.
ISNAD
Okon, Idiongomfon. “Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 6/1 (June 1, 2026): 29-42. https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1955500.
JAMA
1.Okon I. Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State. Journal of International Relations Studies. 2026;6:29–42.
MLA
Okon, Idiongomfon. “Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 29-42, doi:10.62425/jirs.1955500.
Vancouver
1.Idiongomfon Okon. Religious Insurgency and the Limits of State. Journal of International Relations Studies. 2026 Jun. 1;6(1):29-42. doi:10.62425/jirs.1955500