Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bağlamında İnsan Kaçakçılığı: Güney Afrika Ülkeleri Örneği

Abstract

Araştırmanın temel amacı, sosyal politika uygulamaları açısından insan kaçakçılığının temel nedenlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu anlamda araştırmanın temel varsayımı, insan kaçakçılığı uygulamalarının temel belirleyicilerinin ekonomik gelişme, sosyal politika ve sosyal güvenlik gibi toplumsal dinamiklerin eksikliğinden kaynaklandığıdır. Fakat araştırma sonuçları Güney Afrika ülkeleri ölçeğinde belirtilen bu parametrelerin eksikliğinin insan kaçakçılığına etkisinin olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Eldeki verilerden hareketle gelişmiş ülkelerle kıyaslandığında ekonomik gelişmişlik, sosyal politika ve sosyal güvenlik uygulamaları açısından Güney Afrika ülkelerinin oldukça geri olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Fakat insan kaçakçılığı yoğunluğunu belirten kaynak ülke tablosuna bakıldığında Angola, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Zambiya, Zimbabwe, Güney Afrika, Lesotho ve Mozambik gibi Güney Afrika ülkelerinin insan kaçakçılığı oranlarının orta ya da düşük düzeyde olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu durum sosyal politika ve sosyal güvenlik uygulamaları eksikliğinin doğrudan insan kaçakçılığı ile sonuçlanmadığının bir göstergesidir.

Keywords

• Sosyal Güvenlik, İnsan Kaçakçılığı, Güney Afrika Ülkeleri

Human Trafficking within the Framework of Social Policy and Social Security Implementations: The Case of Southern African Countries

Abstract

The main objective of the research is to reveal the facts concerning the main determinants of human trafficking within the context of social policy procedures. It was supposed that the main determinants of human trafficking issue had been economic development rate as well as the lack of social policy, and social security implementations. However, in the aftermath of the research, it was seen that there is no such relevance between human trafficking and the level of the economy, lack of social policy and security deficiencies for Southern African countries. When compared to the developed countries, the economy, social policy and security procedures are too low and poor in Southern African Countries; nevertheless, these countries are referred in the list of origin countries of the human trafficking in ‘medium’ or ‘low category’ which is quite surprising and which can be interpreted as the fact that for Southern African Countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Lesotho, and Mozambique, the economic development, the strength of the social policy and security implementations are not the direct indicators for human trafficking activity. Therefore, it can be stated that the act of human trafficking is not in line with the economy and the public policies for these countries mentioned.

Keywords

• Social Security, Human Trafficking, Southern African Countries

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