David Hume’un Siyasal Ekonomisi ve İnsan Doğası

Year 2016, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 947 - 968, 01.12.2016

Ahmet Dağ

Abstract

Hume başta din, ahlak ve siyaset olmak üzere; doğa, bilim, tarih, felsefe, metafizik, epistemoloji/mantık, iktisat, sosyoloji, psikoloji, etik ve estetik vb. alanlarda eserler üretmiş bir filozoftur. Hume’un entelektüel ilgisine giren konuların zenginliğine rağmen, Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmaların çoğunlukla din ve epistemoloji alanında yoğunlaşıldığı görülür. Son dönemlerde kısmen de olsa ahlak felsefesi üzerine çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Filozofun siyaset ve iktisat çalışmaları üzerinde yeterince durulmamış ve ilgi gösterilmemiştir. Oysa ticaret yüzyılında İngiltere’de yaşamış ve A. Smith’le münasebet içerisinde bulunmuş bir filozofun iktisat üzerine düşünce geliştirmemesi düşünülemezdi.Bu makalede ilk modern iktisatçı diyebileceğimiz Hume’un ahlak ve siyasetle ilişkili olan siyasî iktisat anlayışı; insan zihninin çalışmasıyla, insan doğası ve tutkularıyla ilişkili olarak ele alınmıştır. Siyasal ekonomisi eserleri bağlamında ele alınmış ve ahlak felsefesinin merkezi ve siyasî iktisat anlayışının en önemli kavramları olan fayda-değer, çıkar, tutumlar ve söz verme kavramlarıyla siyasal iktisat anlayışı ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Hume’un, antroposantrik (insan merkezli) ahlak anlayışı inşa ederek günümüzün seküler, akılcı, dünyevi, immoral ve kapitalist maddeci bir dünyanın oluşmasına katkısının bulunduğu tespitinde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Hume, İktisat, Siyasal İktisat, İnsan Doğası, Tutku.

David Hume’s Political Economy and Human Nature

Abstract

Hume is a philosopher who did research on especially the areas of religion, morals and politics besides the nature, science, history, philosophy, metaphysics, epistemology/logic, economics, sociology, psychology, ethics and aesthetics and so on. Despite the wide range of his study areas, when looking at the studies on Hume in general, it can be seen that the studies in our country are mostly on religion and epistemology, and partly on morals. The philosopher’s studies on politics and economics haven't been laid enough stress on and haven't received real interest. However, it can’t have been thought that a philosopher living in England in the century of trade and having a relationship with A. Smith didn’t improve notions on economics. In this article, Hume’s understanding of political economics related with morals and politics, who can be called the first modern economist, is dealt with in relation to study of human understanding, his nature and desires. His political economics is discussed in the context of his works and his understanding of political economics is tried to be presented by means of the concepts of benefit-value, interest, attitutes and promise. It has been determined that he contributed to form today’s profane, rationalistic, secular, immoral and capitalist mechanical world by establishing anthropocentric moral sentiment.

Keywords

Hume, Economics, Political Economy, Human Nature, Passion

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