Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bağlamında İnsan Kaçakçılığı: Güney Afrika Ülkeleri Örneği

Year 2014, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 17 - 36, 01.12.2014

Hasan Yüksel

Abstract

Araştırmanın temel amacı, sosyal politika uygulamaları açısından insan kaçakçılığının temel
nedenlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu anlamda araştırmanın temel varsayımı, insan kaçakçılığı
uygulamalarının temel belirleyicilerinin ekonomik gelişme, sosyal politika ve sosyal güvenlik
gibi toplumsal dinamiklerin eksikliğinden kaynaklandığıdır. Fakat araştırma sonuçları Güney
Afrika ülkeleri ölçeğinde belirtilen bu parametrelerin eksikliğinin insan kaçakçılığına
etkisinin olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Eldeki verilerden hareketle gelişmiş ülkelerle
kıyaslandığında ekonomik gelişmişlik, sosyal politika ve sosyal güvenlik uygulamaları
açısından Güney Afrika ülkelerinin oldukça geri olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Fakat insan
kaçakçılığı yoğunluğunu belirten kaynak ülke tablosuna bakıldığında Angola, Demokratik
Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Zambiya, Zimbabwe, Güney Afrika, Lesotho ve Mozambik gibi Güney
Afrika ülkelerinin insan kaçakçılığı oranlarının orta ya da düşük düzeyde olduğu göze
çarpmaktadır. Bu durum sosyal politika ve sosyal güvenlik uygulamaları eksikliğinin
doğrudan insan kaçakçılığı ile sonuçlanmadığının bir göstergesidir.

Keywords

Sosyal Güvenlik, İnsan Kaçakçılığı, Güney Afrika Ülkeleri

Human Trafficking within the Framework of Social Policy and Social Security Implementations: The Case of Southern African Countries

Abstract

The main objective of the research is to reveal the facts concerning the main determinants of
human trafficking within the context of social policy procedures. It was supposed that the
main determinants of human trafficking issue had been economic development rate as well as
the lack of social policy, and social security implementations. However, in the aftermath of
the research, it was seen that there is no such relevance between human trafficking and the
level of the economy, lack of social policy and security deficiencies for Southern African
countries. When compared to the developed countries, the economy, social policy and
security procedures are too low and poor in Southern African Countries; nevertheless, these
countries are referred in the list of origin countries of the human trafficking in ‘medium’ or
‘low category’ which is quite surprising and which can be interpreted as the fact that for
Southern African Countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia,
Zimbabwe, South Africa, Lesotho, and Mozambique, the economic development, the strength
of the social policy and security implementations are not the direct indicators for human
trafficking activity. Therefore, it can be stated that the act of human trafficking is not in line
with the economy and the public policies for these countries mentioned.

Keywords

Social Security, Human Trafficking, Southern African Countries

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