Evaluation of Floating Renewable Energy Potential for Sustainable Energy in Türkiye

Year 2023, , 1085 - 1100, 01.06.2023

Büşra Cesur Durmaz , İbrahim Üçgül

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1089488

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Energy is an increasing necessity due to the change in needs and the development of the industry with the rapid growth of the world's population. Today, the energy supply usually meet from non-renewable (fossil-based) sources. This situation causes adverse effects globally and a decrease in the fossil resources that future generations need. Sustainable, efficient, and clean energy will only be possible using renewable resources. Installation of renewable energy systems requires large areas, but suitable terrestrial for onshore are not always available. Therefore, in our country, it is necessary to increase floating renewable energy power plants. In the study, the offshore installation potential of solar, wind, and wave renewable energy required for sustainable energy production in Türkiye was examined. A qualitative evaluation was conducted for solar, wind, and wave energy generation. It has been concluded that coastal areas and stagnant water surfaces of Türkiye are suitable for the installation of floating energy systems. This study aims to emphasize the necessity of floating renewable energy systems for Türkiye. It also provides essential contributions to the studies to be carried out on floating energy systems in Türkiye.

Keywords

Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Floating Structure, Floating Energy Systems, Türkiye

References

• Anonymous. (2019). What is sustainable energy? Access Address: https://nctce.com.au/what-is-sustainable-energy/ (Accessed date: 04.05.2022).
• Anonymous. (2022). Türkiye'nin Denizlerdeki Rüzgar Potansiyeli Değerlendirilecek. Access address: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/ekonomi/turkiyenin-denizlerdeki-ruzgar-potansiyeli-degerlendirilecek-650770.html (Accessed date: 01.25.2022).
• Bates, B. C., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Wu, S., & Palutikof, J. P. (Eds). (2008). Climate Change and Water. Geneva: Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat. Access address: https://www.ipcc.ch/publication/climate-change-and-water-2/
• British Petrol Statistical Review of World Energy (BP) (69th Ed). (2020). Statistical Review of World Energy. London. Access address: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf
• Bulut, M., Kaplanoğlu, İ., & Geylani, V. (2018). Improvement of Floating HydroSolar Projects in the World and Potential of Turkey. Power Systems Conference, (13-18). Ankara, Türkiye. Access address: http://www.cigreturkiye.org.tr/gsk2018/bildiri/03.ID-22.pdf
• Cesur, B., & Campian, C. (2020). Evaluation of Floating Structures in Terms of Sustainable and Effective Energy Uses. The 7th International Conference "Civil Engineering - Science and Practice" GNP 2020, Kolašin, Montenegro.
• Cesur, B., Gül, A., & Ay, Z. (2018). Over Platform Floatıng In Coastal Use “Multı-Purpose Urban Park Desıgn Approach”. IMO 9th Coastal Engineering Symposium, (pp. 400-412). Adana, Türkiye. Access address: https://eski.imo.org.tr/resimler/ekutuphane/pdf/18341_53_13.pdf
• Demirci, B. (2021). Türkiye’nin Dalga Enerjisi Potansiyeli ve Kurulu Gücü. Access address: https://muyendis.com/turkiyenin-dalga-enerjisi-potansiyeli-ve-kurulu-gucu/ (Accessed date: 05.11.2021).
• Ding, S., Yan, S., Han, D., & Ma, Q. (2015). Overview on Hybrid Wind-Wave Energy Systems. ASEI-International Conference on Applied Science and Engineering Innovation, (pp. 502-507). Jinan, China. Atlantis Press.
• Dünya Bankası Grubu, ESMAP, & SERIS. (2019). Güneşin Su ile Buluştuğu Yer Yüzer: Güneş Piyasası Raporu. Washington, ABD, DC: World Bank Group. Access address: https://www.solarbaba.org/wp-content/uploads/bilgi-004-yuzer-ges.pdf (Accessed date: 05.11.2021).
• El-Shihy, A. A., & Ezquiaga, J. M. (2019). Architectural Design Concept and Guidelines for Floating Structures for Tackling Sea Level Rise Impacts on Abu-Qir. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 58(2), 507-518.
• ESMAP. (2019). Going Global: Expanding Offshore Wind to Emerging Markets. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. Access address: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/716891572457609829/pdf/Going-Global-Expanding-Offshore-Wind-To-Emerging-Markets.pdf (Accessed date: 15.11.2021).
• Ferrer Gisbert, C., Ferrán Gozálvez, J. J., Redón Santafé, M., Ferrer Gisbert, P., Sánchez Romero, F. J., & Torregrosa Soler, J. B. (2013). A New Photovoltaic Floating Cover System for Water Reservoirs. Renewable Energy, 60, 63-70.
• Güzel, B. (2012). Open Sea Wind Energy Feasibility Steps and Case Study in Bozcaada and Gökçeada (Master Thesis). Access address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
• Hauke, B., Kuhnhenne, M., Lawson, M., & Veljkovic, M. (Eds). (2016). Sustainable Steel Buildings: A Practical Guide for Structures and Envelopes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-118-74111-5
• International Energy Agency (IEA). (2014). Sustainable Energy for All 2013-2014, Global Tracking Framework, Report. Washington, DC: World Bank. Access address: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16537 pdf (Accessed date: 15.11.2021). International Energy Agency (IEA). (2019). World Energy Outlook 2019. Access address: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/98909c1b-aabc-4797-9926-35307b418cdb/WEO2019-free.pdf (Accessed date: 04.05.2021).
• International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020a). SDG7: Data and Projections, Report extract Modern renewables. Access address: https://www.iea.org/reports/sdg7-data-and-projections (Accessed date: 04.07.2021).
• International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020b). Renewables Information: Overview. Access address: https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-information-overview (Accessed date: 04.07.2021).
• Islam, M. M., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2019). Introduction to Energy and Sustainable Development. M. D. Hasanuzzaman and Nasrudin Abd Rahim (Eds.), In Energy for Sustainable Development: Demand, Supply, Conversion and Management (pp. 1-18). Academic Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-01639-7
• Kadıoğlu, S., & Tellioğlu, Z. (1996). Enerji Kaynaklarının Kullanımı ve Çevreye Etkileri. In TMMOB Türkiye Energy Symposium, (pp: 55-67). Ankara, Türkiye. Access address: https://www.emo.org.tr/ekler/63ea51eeb9eb4b9_ek.pdf
• Kızılova, S. (2019). Form and Functional Features of Modular Floating Structures. EDP Sciences, 91(05013), 1-6. 2019. Access address: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2019/17/e3sconf_tpacee2019_05013.pdf
• KPMG. (2020). Sektörel Bakış, Enerji. Access address: https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2020/03/sektorel-bakis-2020-enerji.pdf (Accessed date: 04.07.2021).
• Metin, H. T. (2021). Türkiye Kıyıları Online Rüzgar, Dalga, Kıyısal Akıntı ve Su Kalitesi Atlası. Access address: https://docplayer.biz.tr/24757366-Turkiye-kiyilari-online-ruzgar-dalga-kiyisal-akinti-ve-su-kalitesi-atlasi.html (Accessed date: 05.11.2021).
• Michaelis, D., & Michaelis, A. (2008). Energy Island Design. Access address: https://www.e-architect.com/energy-island (Accessed date: 01.10.2022).
• Moon, C. (2014). Renewable Energy Application in Floating Architecture. 30th International Plea Conference (8p). CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India.
• Narasimalu, S. (2020). Floating Clean Multi-Energy Systems Towards Driving Blue Economic Growth. In: C. Wang, S. Lim, Z. Tay (Eds.), WCFS2019, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Springer, Singapore. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8743-2_19
• Ocean Power Technologies. (2022). PB3 POWERBUOY. Access address: https://oceanpowertechnologies.com/pb3-powerbuoy/ (Accessed date: 05.01.2022).
• Oral, M. (2021). Güçlü ve Yenilenebilir Bir Potansiyel: Denizel Enerji Kaynakları. H. Çiftçi (Ed.), In Sosyal Bilimlerde Seçme Konular 1 (pp.167-212). Access address: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351775945_GUCLU_VE_YENILENEBILIR_BIR_POTANSIYEL_DENIZEL_ENERJI_KAYNAKLARI
• Özgür, E. (2018). Türkiye’de Güneş Enerjisi (Solar Energy In Türkiye). In TMMOB Chamber of Mechanical Engineers Report, Türkiye'nin Enerji Görünümü 2018 (297-316). MMO/691, ISBN: 978-605-01-1198-9.
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2021). 2019-2023 Strategic Plan. Access address: https://sp.enerji.gov.tr/ETKB_2019_2023_Stratejik_Plani.pdf (Accessed date: 04.07.2022).
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2021). Sustainable Development. Access address: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/surdurulebilir-kalkinma.tr.mfa (Accessed date: 04.05.2022).
• Sağlam, M., Sulukan, E., Uyar, & T. S. (2010). Wave Energy and Technical Potentialof Türkiye. Journal of Naval Science and Engineering, 6 (2), 34-50.
• Solarbaba. (2022). Türkiye’de Deniz Üstü Rüzgar Enerjisi Potansiyeli. Access Address: https://www.solarbaba.com/windy-turkiyede-deniz-ustu-ruzgar-enerjisi-potansiyeli/ (Date of access: 25.01.2022).
• Solomin, E., Sirotkin, E., Cuce, E., Selvanathan, S. P., & Kumarasamy, S. (2021). Hybrid Floating Solar Plant Designs: A Review. Energies, 14(2751), p.25.
• Subekti, M., & Parjiman, N. H., (2020). Design of Sea Wave Power Hybrid Power Generation Through Utilization of Wave and Wind Energy as Renewable Electric Energy Sources for Leading, Outermost and Disadvantaged Areas. International Joint Conference on Science and Engineering (IJCSE 2020), Advances in Engineering Research, 196, pp. 25-28. Atlantis Press.
• Temiz Enerji. (2021). Mavi Vatanın Enerjisi: Deniz Üstü Rüzgâr Enerjisi Santralleri. Access address: https://temizenerji.org/2021/06/21/mavi-vatanin-enerjisi-deniz-ustu-ruzgar-enerjisi-santralleri/ (Accessed date: 01.26.2022).
• Tortumluoğlu, M.İ., & Doğan, M. (2021). Investigation of Suitable Site Selection Criteria for Offshore Wind Turbines and Application to North Aegean Shores. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science and Engineering, 23(67), 25-42.
• Turhanlar, O. (2018). A Potential Offshore Wind Farm Arrangment Off The Bozcaada (Master Thesis). Access address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
• Turkish State Meteorological Service. 2020a). Türkiye Average Daily Total Sun Time Distribution (1985-2020). Access address: https://mgm.gov.tr/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/parametreAnalizi/Turkiye-Gunluk-Guneslenme-Suresi-2020.pdf (Accessed date: 04.10.2021).
• Turkish State Meteorological Service. (2020b). Sea Water Temperatures - Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Sea Water Temperature Analysis 2020. Access address: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=K (Accessed date: 04.10.2021).
• United Nations. (1987). Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Access address: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf (Accessed date: 04.10.2021).
• Uraltaş, Y., & Yumurtacı, Z. (2021). Adalara Karaüstü ve Denizüstü Rüzgâr Enerji Santrali (RES) Mikrokonumlandırma Çalışması ve Enerji Üretim Analizi. 6th Izmir Wind Symposium, (pp: 1-19). İzmir, Türkiye. Üçgül, İ. (2010). Yeni Umut, Yenilenen Umut: Yenilenebilir Enerji. Yekarum e-Dergi, 1(1),1-2.
• Üçgül, İ. & Elibüyük, U. (2016). Renewable Energy Resources And Energy Geopolytıcs. Anka E-Dergi, 2(1), 26-33.
• Qu, X., Yao, Y., & Du, J., 2022. Conceptual Design and Hydrodynamic Performance of a Modular Hybrid Floating Foundation. Energies, 14(7605), 1-17.
• Watanabe, E., Wang, C. M., Utsunomiya, T., & Moan, T. (2008). Very Large Floating Structures: Applications, Analysis and Design. Access address: https://www.sefindia.org/forum/files/floating_structures_398.pdf (Accessed date: 04.10.2021).
• Wikipedia. (2021). Marine energy. Access Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_energy (Accessed date: 05.25.2021).