Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Effect of Boron and Sewage Sludge Applications on Micro Element and Heavy Metal Content of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Year 2023, , 684 - 699, 01.03.2023

Mustafa Çirka

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1206861

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of boron and sewage sludge applications on the changes in microelement and heavy metal contents of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) plant. The experiment was carried out according to the completely randomized factorial experimental design with 3 replications in the climatic chamber. In the study where the Karagöz cowpea variety was used, four doses of boron (0 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg boron) and four doses of sewage sludge (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) were applied as trial factors.
As a result of the study, microelement contents of cowpea have both increased and decreased with sewage sludge applications, while heavy metal contents except aluminum have increased. The highest values were reached with 5% and 10% sewage sludge applications. Microelement contents generally increased with boron applications. While Al, Cd, Co, Cr, and Pb contents of heavy metals increased, As and Ni contents decreased. It was observed that boron applications tolerated the negativities caused by the sewage sludge in the boron x sewage sludge interaction. As a result, it can be said that the element imbalances caused by sewage sludge applications in cowpea plant can be balanced with boron applications.

Keywords

Boron Heavy metals Cowpea Sewage Sludge

References

  • Akat, H., Demirkan, Ç. G., Yokaş, İ. (2013). Atık Su Arıtma Çamurlarının Süs Bitkisi Yetiştiriciliğinde Kullanımı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 129-141.
  • Akat, H., Demirkan, G. Ç., Akat, Ö., Yağmur, B., Yokaş, İ. (2015). Arıtma Çamuru Uygulamalarının Limonium Sinuatum'compindi White' çeşidinde Bitki Gelişimi, Verim Ve Çiçek Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(1), 107-114.
  • Allard, S., Gutierrez, L., Fontaine, C., Croué, J. P., & Gallard, H. (2017). Organic matter interactions with natural manganese oxide and synthetic birnessite. Science of The Total Environment, 583, 487-495. Scotti, I. A., Silva, S., & Baffi, C. (1999). Effects of fly ash pH on the uptake of heavy metals by chicory. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 109(1), 397-406.
  • Boşgelmez, A., Boşgelmez, İ. İ., Savaşçı, S., Paslı, N. (2001). Ekoloji – II (Toprak), Başkent Klişe Matbaacılık, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Bozkurt, M. A., & Yarilgaç, T. (2003). The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(5), 285-292.
  • Budak, M., Günal, H. (2015). Tuzlu-Alkali Topraklarda Bor Konsantrasyonunun Uzaysal Değişkenliğinin Jeoistatistiksel Analizi ve Haritalanması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(2), 191-202.
  • Chen, D., Chen, D., Xue, R., Long, J., Lin, X., Lin, Y., & Song, Y. (2019). Effects of boron, silicon and their interactions on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants. Journal of hazardous materials, 367, 447-455.
  • Chang, C., Sommerfeldt, T. G., & Entz, T. (1991). Soil chemistry after eleven annual applications of cattle feedlot manure (Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 475-480). American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.
  • Çulha, G., & Bozoğlu, H. (2016). Farklı kültürel uygulamalarla yetiştirilen amazon ve sırma börülce çeşitlerinin verim ve verim özellikleri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(Özel Sayı-1), 177-183.
  • Demirkan, G. Ç., Akat, H., & Yokaş, İ. (2014). Atık su arıtma çamurunun Clarkia amoena (Yer Açelyası) türünde bitki gelişimi ve çiçeklenme üzerine etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 49-58.
  • Durak, Z. (2005). Adana Sofulu düzensiz çöp depolama alanında oluşan çöp sızıntı sularının bitki yetiştirilmesinde kullanılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Dordas, C., & Brown, P. H. (2005). Boron deficiency affects cell viability, phenolic leakage and oxidative burst in rose cell cultures. Plant and soil, 268(1), 293-301.
  • Düring, R. A., & Gäth, S. (2002). Utilization of municipal organic wastes in agriculture: where do we stand, where will we go?. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 165(4), 544-556.
  • Elrashidi, M. A., & O'connor, G. A. (1982). Boron sorption and desorption in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46(1), 27-31.
  • Emir, C. (2017). Bor gübrelemesinin kereviz (Apium graveolens L.) ve turp (Raphanus sativus L.) bitkilerinin verim ve bazı bitki özelliklerine etkisi (Master's thesis, İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • FAO (2021). Statistics Database (The Production and Production Area of Cowpea). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize (Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2023).
  • Erdinç, U., Şen, O. F., Kılıç, Ö. B. D., Candan, N., Uzun, N., Üner, K., & Rahmanoğlu, N. (2017). Determination of soil plant available boron and boron nutritional status of tomato plants in major industrial tomato cultivated areas of Turkey. Journal of Boron, 2(3), 161-167.
  • Fink, J. R., Inda, A.V., Tiecher, T., Barrón, V. (2016). Iron oxides and organic matter on soil phosphorus availability. Ciencia e agrotecnologia, 40, 369-379.
  • Gardiner, D.T., Miller, R.W. (2008). Soils in Our Environment. 11th Edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Hill, Ne Jersey, USA.
  • Garzón, E., González-Andrés, F., García-Martínez, V. M., & de Paz, J. M. (2011). Mineralization and nutrient release of an organic fertilizer made by flour, meat, and crop residues in two vineyard soils with different pH levels. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 42(13), 1485-1496.
  • Günay, A (1992). Özel Sebze Yetiştiriciliği Cilt: 4. Çağ Matbaası, Ankara.
  • Güneş, A.M., Alpaslan, A., İnal. (2013). Bitki Besleme ve Gübreleme. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın no:1581, Ders kitabı:533, Ankara.
  • Greweling, T., Peech, M (1960). Chemical Soil Tests. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York.
  • Goldberg, S. (1997). Reaction of Boron with Soils (pp: 193: 35-48). Plant and oil. Proceedings, RW Bell and B. Rerkasem (Eds)., Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecth, the Netherlands.
  • Hall, A. E., Cisse, N., Thiaw, S., Elawad, H. O., Ehlers, J. D., Ismail, A. M., ... & McWatters, K. H. (2003). Development of cowpea cultivars and germplasm by the Bean/Cowpea CRSP. Field Crops Research, 82(2-3), 103-134.
  • Hall, A. E. (2004). Breeding for adaptation to drought and heat in cowpea. European Journal of Agronomy, 21(4), 447-454.
  • Hanjra, M. A., Blackwell, J., Carr, G., Zhang, F., & Jackson, T. M. (2012). Wastewater irrigation and environmental health: Implications for water governance and public policy. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 215(3), 255-269.
  • Hao, X., & Chang, C. (2002). Effect of 25 annual cattle manure applications on soluble and exchangeable cations in soil. Soil science, 167(2), 126-134.
  • Idahosa, D. O., Alika, J. E., & Omoregie, A. U. (2010). Genotypic variability for agronomic and yield characters in some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Nature and Science, 8(3), 48-55.
  • Jayathilake, C., Visvanathan, R., Deen, A., Bangamuwage, R., Jayawardana, B. C., Nammi, S., & Liyanage, R. (2018). Cowpea: an overview on its nutritional facts and health benefits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(13), 4793-4806.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A. (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın No: 1241. Fen Bilimleri, 63(1).
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, V. (1999). Gübreler ve Gübreleme Tekniği. Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın No: 144, Vipaş Yayın No:20, 531s., Bursa
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, V. (2010). Bitki Besleme. 5. Baskı, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace Elements in Soil and Plants. 4th Edition, CRC Press, New York. ISBN: 978-1-4200-9368.
  • Kaya, A. R., Eryigit, T., Uslu, O. S., Gedik, O., & Tuncturk, M. (2019). Effects of lead on seed germination and seedling growth in different sesame (sesamum indicum) genotypes. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28, 6574-6579.
  • Kooijman, A. M., Lubbers, I., & Van Til, M. (2009). Iron-rich dune grasslands: relations between soil organic matter and sorption of Fe and P. Environmental Pollution, 157(11), 3158-3165.
  • Kowalik, R., Latosińska, J., & Gawdzik, J. (2021). Risk analysis of heavy metal accumulation from sewage sludge of selected wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Water, 13(15), 2070.
  • Küçükhemek, M., Gür, K., Berktay, A. (2006). Evsel Karakterli Atıksu Arıtma Çamurlarının Çim Bitkisi Ağır Metal (Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd) İçeriği Üzerine Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 21(3), 1-12.
  • Kluczka, J., Tórz, A., Łącka, D., Kazek-Kęsik, A., & Adamek, J. (2018). Boron removal by adsorption on Cobalt (II) Doped Chitosan bio-composite. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(5), 2039-2048.
  • LeNoble, M. E., Blevins, D. G., & Miles, R. J. (1996). Prevention of aluminium toxicity with supplemental boron. II. Stimulation of root growth in an acidic, high‐aluminium subsoil. Plant, Cell & Environment, 19(10), 1143-1148.
  • McCauley, A., Jones, C., Jacobsen, J. (2009). Soil pH and Organic Matter. Nutrient management module, 8(2), 1-12.
  • McCauley, A., Jones, C., Olson-Rutz, K. (2017). Soil pH and Organic Matter. Nutrient management module No. 8. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Montana State University and Montana State University Extension.
  • Oved, T., Shaviv, A., Goldrath, T., Mandelbaum, R. T., & Minz, D. (2001). Influence of effluent irrigation on community composition and function of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil. Applied and environmental microbiology, 67(8), 3426-3433.
  • Özbek, H., Kaya, Z., Gök, M., Kaptan, H. (2001). Toprak Bilimi. 5. Baskı. ÇÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No A–16, Adana.
  • Parks, R. Q., & Shaw, B. T. (1942). Possible mechanisms of boron fixation in soil: I. chemical. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 6(C), 219-223.
  • Pan, Y., Wang, Z., Yang, L., Wang, Z., Shi, L., Naran, R., & Xu, F. (2012). Differences in cell wall components and allocation of boron to cell walls confer variations in sensitivities of Brassica napus cultivars to boron deficiency. Plant and soil, 354(1), 383-394.
  • Plaster, E. J. (1992). Soil Science and Management. 2nd Edition, Delmar Publishers Inc., Albany, New York, USA
  • Ren, L., Zhu, D., Cui, J., Liao, S., Geng, M., Zhou, W., & Hamilton, D. (2009). Plant availability of boron doped on iron and manganese oxides and its effect on soil acidosis. Geoderma, 151(3-4), 401-406.
  • Riaz, M., Kamran, M., Fang, Y., Yang, G., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., & Wang, X. (2021). Boron supply alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by enhancing cadmium adsorption on cell wall and triggering antioxidant defense system in roots. Chemosphere, 266, 128938.
  • Schiptsova, N., Larionov, G., Vasilyev, O., Fadeeva, N., & Terentyeva, M. (2020, November). Effect of sewage sludge application on heavy metals contamination in soil and carrot. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 604, No. 1, p. 012034). IOP Publishing.
  • Sür, A., Sür, Ö., Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2001). Mineraller ve Kayaçlar, Bilim Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Strauch, D. (1991). Survival of pathogenic micro-organisms and parasites in excreta, manure and sewage sludge. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 10(3), 813-846.
  • Stass, A., Kotur, Z., & Horst, W. J. (2007). Effect of boron on the expression of aluminium toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiologia Plantarum, 131(2), 283-290.
  • Torri, S., Alvarez, R., & Lavado, R. (2003). Mineralization of carbon from sewage sludge in three soils of the Argentine pampas. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34(13-14), 2035-2043.
  • Wagatsuma, T., & Ezoe, Y. (1985). Effect of pH on ionic species of aluminum in medium and on aluminum toxicity under solution culture. Soil science and plant nutrition, 31(4), 547-561.
  • Walakley, A., & Black, C. A. (1934). Estimation of organic carbon by chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38.
  • Wu, X., Riaz, M., Yan, L., Du, C., Liu, Y., & Jiang, C. (2017). Boron deficiency in trifoliate orange induces changes in pectin composition and architecture of components in root cell walls. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 1882.
  • Wu, X., Song, H., Guan, C., & Zhang, Z. (2020a). Boron alleviates cadmium toxicity in Brassica napus by promoting the chelation of cadmium onto the root cell wall components. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138833.
  • Wu, X., Song, H., Guan, C., & Zhang, Z. (2020b). Boron mitigates cadmium toxicity to rapeseed (Brassica napus) shoots by relieving oxidative stress and enhancing cadmium chelation onto cell walls. Environmental Pollution, 263, 114546.
  • Zhang, Z. H., Zhou, T., Tang, T. J., Song, H. X., Guan, C. Y., Huang, J. Y., & Hua, Y. P. (2019). A multiomics approach reveals the pivotal role of subcellular reallocation in determining rapeseed resistance to cadmium toxicity. Journal of experimental botany, 70(19), 5437-5455.
  • Zhang, F. S., Yamasaki, S., & Nanzyo, M. (2002). Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals. Science of the total Environment, 284(1-3), 215-225.
  • Zhu, Y., Sun, G. X., Chen, Z., Hu, Y., & Zheng, R. L. (2018). Effects of boron treatment on arsenic uptake and efflux in rice seedlings. Huan Jing ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue, 39(7), 3400-3408.
  • Zhou, X. X., Yang, L. T., Qi, Y. P., Guo, P., & Chen, L. S. (2015). Mechanisms on boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis seedlings at a transcriptional level revealed by cDNA-AFLP analysis. PLoS One, 10(3), e0115485.

Bor ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna unguiculata L.) Mikro Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi

Year 2023, , 684 - 699, 01.03.2023

Mustafa Çirka

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1206861

Abstract

Bu çalışma, bor ve arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının börülce (Vigna unguiculata L.) bitkisin mikro element ve ağır metal içeriklerindeki değişimler üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi için yapılmıştır. Deneme, iklim odasında, tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olacak şekilde yürütülmüştür. Karagöz börülce çeşidinin kullanıldığı çalışmada dört doz bor (0 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg ve 200 mg/kg bor) ve dört doz arıtma çamuru (%0, %2.5, %5 ve %10) deneme faktörleri olarak uygulanmıştır.
Çalışma sonucunda arıtma çamuru uygulamaları ile börülcenin mikro element içerikleri hem artış hem de azalış göstermişken, ağır metal içeriklerinde alüminyum hariç diğerleri artış göstermiştir. En yüksek değerlere %5 ve %10 arıtma çamuru uygulamalarında ulaşılmıştır. Bor uygulamaları ile mikro element içerikleri genel olarak artış göstermiştir. Artan bor uygulamalarıyla birlikte bitkide Al, Cd, Co, Cr ve Pb gibi ağır metal içeriklerinde artış sağlanırken, As ve Ni içeriklerinde ise azalmaların oluğu tespit edilmiştir. Bor x arıtma çamuru interaksiyonunda arıtma çamurunun neden olduğu olumsuzlukları bor uygulamalarının tolere ettiği görülmüştür. Bu nedenle Börülce bitkisinde arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının neden olduğu değişken ağır metal içeriklerinin bor uygulamaları ile dengelenebileceği söylenebilir.

Keywords

Bor Ağır metaller Börülce Arıtma çamuru

References

  • Akat, H., Demirkan, Ç. G., Yokaş, İ. (2013). Atık Su Arıtma Çamurlarının Süs Bitkisi Yetiştiriciliğinde Kullanımı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 129-141.
  • Akat, H., Demirkan, G. Ç., Akat, Ö., Yağmur, B., Yokaş, İ. (2015). Arıtma Çamuru Uygulamalarının Limonium Sinuatum'compindi White' çeşidinde Bitki Gelişimi, Verim Ve Çiçek Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(1), 107-114.
  • Allard, S., Gutierrez, L., Fontaine, C., Croué, J. P., & Gallard, H. (2017). Organic matter interactions with natural manganese oxide and synthetic birnessite. Science of The Total Environment, 583, 487-495. Scotti, I. A., Silva, S., & Baffi, C. (1999). Effects of fly ash pH on the uptake of heavy metals by chicory. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 109(1), 397-406.
  • Boşgelmez, A., Boşgelmez, İ. İ., Savaşçı, S., Paslı, N. (2001). Ekoloji – II (Toprak), Başkent Klişe Matbaacılık, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Bozkurt, M. A., & Yarilgaç, T. (2003). The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(5), 285-292.
  • Budak, M., Günal, H. (2015). Tuzlu-Alkali Topraklarda Bor Konsantrasyonunun Uzaysal Değişkenliğinin Jeoistatistiksel Analizi ve Haritalanması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(2), 191-202.
  • Chen, D., Chen, D., Xue, R., Long, J., Lin, X., Lin, Y., & Song, Y. (2019). Effects of boron, silicon and their interactions on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants. Journal of hazardous materials, 367, 447-455.
  • Chang, C., Sommerfeldt, T. G., & Entz, T. (1991). Soil chemistry after eleven annual applications of cattle feedlot manure (Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 475-480). American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.
  • Çulha, G., & Bozoğlu, H. (2016). Farklı kültürel uygulamalarla yetiştirilen amazon ve sırma börülce çeşitlerinin verim ve verim özellikleri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(Özel Sayı-1), 177-183.
  • Demirkan, G. Ç., Akat, H., & Yokaş, İ. (2014). Atık su arıtma çamurunun Clarkia amoena (Yer Açelyası) türünde bitki gelişimi ve çiçeklenme üzerine etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 49-58.
  • Durak, Z. (2005). Adana Sofulu düzensiz çöp depolama alanında oluşan çöp sızıntı sularının bitki yetiştirilmesinde kullanılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Dordas, C., & Brown, P. H. (2005). Boron deficiency affects cell viability, phenolic leakage and oxidative burst in rose cell cultures. Plant and soil, 268(1), 293-301.
  • Düring, R. A., & Gäth, S. (2002). Utilization of municipal organic wastes in agriculture: where do we stand, where will we go?. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 165(4), 544-556.
  • Elrashidi, M. A., & O'connor, G. A. (1982). Boron sorption and desorption in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46(1), 27-31.
  • Emir, C. (2017). Bor gübrelemesinin kereviz (Apium graveolens L.) ve turp (Raphanus sativus L.) bitkilerinin verim ve bazı bitki özelliklerine etkisi (Master's thesis, İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • FAO (2021). Statistics Database (The Production and Production Area of Cowpea). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize (Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2023).
  • Erdinç, U., Şen, O. F., Kılıç, Ö. B. D., Candan, N., Uzun, N., Üner, K., & Rahmanoğlu, N. (2017). Determination of soil plant available boron and boron nutritional status of tomato plants in major industrial tomato cultivated areas of Turkey. Journal of Boron, 2(3), 161-167.
  • Fink, J. R., Inda, A.V., Tiecher, T., Barrón, V. (2016). Iron oxides and organic matter on soil phosphorus availability. Ciencia e agrotecnologia, 40, 369-379.
  • Gardiner, D.T., Miller, R.W. (2008). Soils in Our Environment. 11th Edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Hill, Ne Jersey, USA.
  • Garzón, E., González-Andrés, F., García-Martínez, V. M., & de Paz, J. M. (2011). Mineralization and nutrient release of an organic fertilizer made by flour, meat, and crop residues in two vineyard soils with different pH levels. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 42(13), 1485-1496.
  • Günay, A (1992). Özel Sebze Yetiştiriciliği Cilt: 4. Çağ Matbaası, Ankara.
  • Güneş, A.M., Alpaslan, A., İnal. (2013). Bitki Besleme ve Gübreleme. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın no:1581, Ders kitabı:533, Ankara.
  • Greweling, T., Peech, M (1960). Chemical Soil Tests. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York.
  • Goldberg, S. (1997). Reaction of Boron with Soils (pp: 193: 35-48). Plant and oil. Proceedings, RW Bell and B. Rerkasem (Eds)., Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecth, the Netherlands.
  • Hall, A. E., Cisse, N., Thiaw, S., Elawad, H. O., Ehlers, J. D., Ismail, A. M., ... & McWatters, K. H. (2003). Development of cowpea cultivars and germplasm by the Bean/Cowpea CRSP. Field Crops Research, 82(2-3), 103-134.
  • Hall, A. E. (2004). Breeding for adaptation to drought and heat in cowpea. European Journal of Agronomy, 21(4), 447-454.
  • Hanjra, M. A., Blackwell, J., Carr, G., Zhang, F., & Jackson, T. M. (2012). Wastewater irrigation and environmental health: Implications for water governance and public policy. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 215(3), 255-269.
  • Hao, X., & Chang, C. (2002). Effect of 25 annual cattle manure applications on soluble and exchangeable cations in soil. Soil science, 167(2), 126-134.
  • Idahosa, D. O., Alika, J. E., & Omoregie, A. U. (2010). Genotypic variability for agronomic and yield characters in some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Nature and Science, 8(3), 48-55.
  • Jayathilake, C., Visvanathan, R., Deen, A., Bangamuwage, R., Jayawardana, B. C., Nammi, S., & Liyanage, R. (2018). Cowpea: an overview on its nutritional facts and health benefits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(13), 4793-4806.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A. (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın No: 1241. Fen Bilimleri, 63(1).
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, V. (1999). Gübreler ve Gübreleme Tekniği. Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın No: 144, Vipaş Yayın No:20, 531s., Bursa
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, V. (2010). Bitki Besleme. 5. Baskı, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace Elements in Soil and Plants. 4th Edition, CRC Press, New York. ISBN: 978-1-4200-9368.
  • Kaya, A. R., Eryigit, T., Uslu, O. S., Gedik, O., & Tuncturk, M. (2019). Effects of lead on seed germination and seedling growth in different sesame (sesamum indicum) genotypes. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28, 6574-6579.
  • Kooijman, A. M., Lubbers, I., & Van Til, M. (2009). Iron-rich dune grasslands: relations between soil organic matter and sorption of Fe and P. Environmental Pollution, 157(11), 3158-3165.
  • Kowalik, R., Latosińska, J., & Gawdzik, J. (2021). Risk analysis of heavy metal accumulation from sewage sludge of selected wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Water, 13(15), 2070.
  • Küçükhemek, M., Gür, K., Berktay, A. (2006). Evsel Karakterli Atıksu Arıtma Çamurlarının Çim Bitkisi Ağır Metal (Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd) İçeriği Üzerine Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 21(3), 1-12.
  • Kluczka, J., Tórz, A., Łącka, D., Kazek-Kęsik, A., & Adamek, J. (2018). Boron removal by adsorption on Cobalt (II) Doped Chitosan bio-composite. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(5), 2039-2048.
  • LeNoble, M. E., Blevins, D. G., & Miles, R. J. (1996). Prevention of aluminium toxicity with supplemental boron. II. Stimulation of root growth in an acidic, high‐aluminium subsoil. Plant, Cell & Environment, 19(10), 1143-1148.
  • McCauley, A., Jones, C., Jacobsen, J. (2009). Soil pH and Organic Matter. Nutrient management module, 8(2), 1-12.
  • McCauley, A., Jones, C., Olson-Rutz, K. (2017). Soil pH and Organic Matter. Nutrient management module No. 8. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Montana State University and Montana State University Extension.
  • Oved, T., Shaviv, A., Goldrath, T., Mandelbaum, R. T., & Minz, D. (2001). Influence of effluent irrigation on community composition and function of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil. Applied and environmental microbiology, 67(8), 3426-3433.
  • Özbek, H., Kaya, Z., Gök, M., Kaptan, H. (2001). Toprak Bilimi. 5. Baskı. ÇÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No A–16, Adana.
  • Parks, R. Q., & Shaw, B. T. (1942). Possible mechanisms of boron fixation in soil: I. chemical. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 6(C), 219-223.
  • Pan, Y., Wang, Z., Yang, L., Wang, Z., Shi, L., Naran, R., & Xu, F. (2012). Differences in cell wall components and allocation of boron to cell walls confer variations in sensitivities of Brassica napus cultivars to boron deficiency. Plant and soil, 354(1), 383-394.
  • Plaster, E. J. (1992). Soil Science and Management. 2nd Edition, Delmar Publishers Inc., Albany, New York, USA
  • Ren, L., Zhu, D., Cui, J., Liao, S., Geng, M., Zhou, W., & Hamilton, D. (2009). Plant availability of boron doped on iron and manganese oxides and its effect on soil acidosis. Geoderma, 151(3-4), 401-406.
  • Riaz, M., Kamran, M., Fang, Y., Yang, G., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., & Wang, X. (2021). Boron supply alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by enhancing cadmium adsorption on cell wall and triggering antioxidant defense system in roots. Chemosphere, 266, 128938.
  • Schiptsova, N., Larionov, G., Vasilyev, O., Fadeeva, N., & Terentyeva, M. (2020, November). Effect of sewage sludge application on heavy metals contamination in soil and carrot. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 604, No. 1, p. 012034). IOP Publishing.
  • Sür, A., Sür, Ö., Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2001). Mineraller ve Kayaçlar, Bilim Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Strauch, D. (1991). Survival of pathogenic micro-organisms and parasites in excreta, manure and sewage sludge. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 10(3), 813-846.
  • Stass, A., Kotur, Z., & Horst, W. J. (2007). Effect of boron on the expression of aluminium toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiologia Plantarum, 131(2), 283-290.
  • Torri, S., Alvarez, R., & Lavado, R. (2003). Mineralization of carbon from sewage sludge in three soils of the Argentine pampas. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34(13-14), 2035-2043.
  • Wagatsuma, T., & Ezoe, Y. (1985). Effect of pH on ionic species of aluminum in medium and on aluminum toxicity under solution culture. Soil science and plant nutrition, 31(4), 547-561.
  • Walakley, A., & Black, C. A. (1934). Estimation of organic carbon by chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38.
  • Wu, X., Riaz, M., Yan, L., Du, C., Liu, Y., & Jiang, C. (2017). Boron deficiency in trifoliate orange induces changes in pectin composition and architecture of components in root cell walls. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 1882.
  • Wu, X., Song, H., Guan, C., & Zhang, Z. (2020a). Boron alleviates cadmium toxicity in Brassica napus by promoting the chelation of cadmium onto the root cell wall components. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138833.
  • Wu, X., Song, H., Guan, C., & Zhang, Z. (2020b). Boron mitigates cadmium toxicity to rapeseed (Brassica napus) shoots by relieving oxidative stress and enhancing cadmium chelation onto cell walls. Environmental Pollution, 263, 114546.
  • Zhang, Z. H., Zhou, T., Tang, T. J., Song, H. X., Guan, C. Y., Huang, J. Y., & Hua, Y. P. (2019). A multiomics approach reveals the pivotal role of subcellular reallocation in determining rapeseed resistance to cadmium toxicity. Journal of experimental botany, 70(19), 5437-5455.
  • Zhang, F. S., Yamasaki, S., & Nanzyo, M. (2002). Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals. Science of the total Environment, 284(1-3), 215-225.
  • Zhu, Y., Sun, G. X., Chen, Z., Hu, Y., & Zheng, R. L. (2018). Effects of boron treatment on arsenic uptake and efflux in rice seedlings. Huan Jing ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue, 39(7), 3400-3408.
  • Zhou, X. X., Yang, L. T., Qi, Y. P., Guo, P., & Chen, L. S. (2015). Mechanisms on boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis seedlings at a transcriptional level revealed by cDNA-AFLP analysis. PLoS One, 10(3), e0115485.
There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Tarla Bitkileri / Field Crops
Authors

Mustafa Çirka 0000-0001-6506-7407

Publication Date March 1, 2023
Submission Date December 12, 2022
Acceptance Date January 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Çirka, M. (2023). Bor ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna unguiculata L.) Mikro Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(1), 684-699. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1206861
AMA Çirka M. Bor ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna unguiculata L.) Mikro Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. March 2023;13(1):684-699. doi:10.21597/jist.1206861
Chicago Çirka, Mustafa. “Bor Ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna Unguiculata L.) Mikro Element Ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (March 2023): 684-99. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1206861.
EndNote Çirka M (March 1, 2023) Bor ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna unguiculata L.) Mikro Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13 1 684–699.
IEEE M. Çirka, “Bor ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna unguiculata L.) Mikro Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 684–699, 2023, doi: 10.21597/jist.1206861.
ISNAD Çirka, Mustafa. “Bor Ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna Unguiculata L.) Mikro Element Ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13/1 (March 2023), 684-699. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1206861.
JAMA Çirka M. Bor ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna unguiculata L.) Mikro Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13:684–699.
MLA Çirka, Mustafa. “Bor Ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna Unguiculata L.) Mikro Element Ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 684-99, doi:10.21597/jist.1206861.
Vancouver Çirka M. Bor ve Arıtma Çamur Uygulamalarının Börülcenin (Vigna unguiculata L.) Mikro Element ve Ağır Metal İçeriğine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13(1):684-99.