In Vivo Toxicity of Mixture Herbicides (Halauxifen methyl+Pyroxsulam+Cloquintocet acid): Zebrafish Embryo and Larva Model

Abstract

Herbicides can pose a serious hazard to aquatic organisms and human health. Herbicides prepared as a mixture formulation may have much more toxic effects, but there are few studies in the literature showing the toxicities of these herbicides. In our study, the toxic effects of different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm) of mixed herbicides (Halauxifen methyl+Pyroxsulam+Cloquintocet acid), which have been used extensively in the market in recent years, on zebrafish embryos and larvae were evaluated with developmental parameters and behavioral tests. Embryos and larvae exposed to the mixed herbicides for 96 hours had reduced survival and delayed exit from the chorion, especially at the highest application concentration (1 ppm). Various malformations were observed in embryos and larvae with the effect of mixed herbicides. In addition, it was determined that the total distance covered by zebrafish larvae at 96th hour increased and hyperactivity occurred at 1 ppm concentration of the mixed herbicide. Our study provides important data in terms of understanding the toxic effects of mixed chemicals on aquatic organisms. As a result, more and more detailed studies are required since chemicals (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides or heavy metals) found as a mixture in the aquatic ecosystem are considered to be a threat to aquatic organisms.

Keywords

• Zebrafish
• Halauxifen methyl
• Pyroxsulam
• Behavior
• Toxicity

Karışım Herbisitlerin (Halauxifen methyl+Pyroxsulam+Cloquintocet asit) In Vivo Toksisitesi: Zebra Balığı Embriyo ve Larva Modeli

Abstract

Herbisitler suda yaşayan organizmalar ve insan sağlığı için ciddi tehlike oluşturabilir. Karışım formülasyonu olarak hazırlanan herbisitler ise çok daha fazla toksik etkilere sahip olabilir ancak literatürde bu herbisitlerin toksisitelerini gösteren az sayıda çalışma vardır. Çalışmamızda, piyasada son yıllarda yoğun kullanılan karışım herbisitlerin (Halauxifen methyl+Pyroxsulam+Cloquintocet asit) farklı konsantrasyonlarının (0.25, 0.5 ve 1 ppm) zebra balığı embriyo ve larvalarındaki toksik etkileri gelişimsel parametreler ve davranış testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Karışım herbisitlere 96 saat maruz kalan embriyo ve larvalarda özellikle en yüksek uygulama konsantrasyonunda (1 ppm) hayatta kalma oranı azalmış ve larvaların koryondan çıkışı gecikmiştir. Embriyo ve larvalarda karışım herbisitlerin etkisi ile çeşitli malformasyonlar gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca karışım herbisit 1 ppm konsantrasyonda zebra balığı larvalarında 96. saatte kat ettikleri toplam mesafede artış olmuş ve hiperaktivite meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamız karışım kimyasalların sucul organizmalardaki toksik etkilerinin anlaşılması açısından önemli veri sağlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak sucul ekosistemde karışım olarak bulunan kimyasalların (herbisit, insektisit, fungusit veya ağır metaller) sucul canlılar için bir tehdit olduğu düşüldüğünden daha fazla ve detaylı çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Zebra balığı
• Halauxifen methyl
• Pyroxsulam
• Davranış
• Toksisite

Thanks

Bu çalışmamızda zebra balığı embriyo ve larvaları ile deney yapma imkanı sağlayan Atatürk Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Sucul Biyoteknoloji Laboratuvarı'na teşekkür ederiz.

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