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Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method

Year 2023, , 1713 - 1723, 01.09.2023

Şeyhmus Toprak , Şerif Rüzgar

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1254573

Abstract

Undoped and Cr-doped CuO thin films were deposited on n-Si substrates by sol gel spin coating method. These electrical properties of copper oxide-based heterojunction structures were examined as a function of Cr doping concentrations. The results show that a change in Cr concentration significantly affects the electrical properties of Ag/Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si diodes. The all diodes exhibit rectification behavior, as shown by their dark 𝐼−𝑉 characteristics. The crucial junction parameters such as series resistance (R𝑆), rectification ratio (𝑅𝑅), ideality factor (𝑛) and barrier height (Φ𝐵) were calculated by using 𝐼−𝑉 data. The calculated values for the ideality factor (n), which offered details about the performance of the diodes, range from 2.16 to 2.78. The highest 𝑅𝑅 value was obtained from Cu0.5Cr0.5O/n-Si diode. In addition, the capacitance-voltage (𝐶−𝑉) characteristics of the diodes were measured in the frequency range of 10 kHz and 1 MHz. The 𝐶−2−𝑉 graphs were employed to calculate the values of 𝑁𝑣, 𝐸𝑓, 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥, and Φ𝐵 (𝐶−𝑉). The results show that the electrical properties of Ag/Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si diodes can be controlled by various chromium doping concentration.

Keywords

Sol gel method Thin Films Diode Electrical Properties

Supporting Institution

Batman University

Project Number

BTUBAP-2019-SHMYO-01

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, H., Shalaan, E., Abd-El Salam, M., & El-Mahalawy, A. M. (2018). Effect of illumination intensity on the characteristics of Cu(acac)2/n-Si photodiode. Synthetic Metals, 245, 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.09.009
  • Ahmed, M. A. M., Meyer, W. E., & Nel, J. M. (2019). Effect of (Ce, Al) co-doped ZnO thin films on the Schottky diode properties fabricated using the sol-gel spin coating. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 103, 104612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2019.104612
  • Amde, M., Liu, J., Tan, Z.-Q., & Bekana, D. (2017). Transformation and bioavailability of metal oxide nanoparticles in aquatic and terrestrial environments. A review. Environmental Pollution, 230, 250-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.064
  • Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, K., & Taga, Y. (2001). Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science, 293(5528), 269-271.
  • Aydin, H., Tataroğlu, A., Al-Ghamdi, A. A., Yakuphanoglu, F., El-Tantawy, F., & Farooq, W. A. (2015). A novel type heterojunction photodiodes formed junctions of Au/LiZnSnO and LiZnSnO/p-Si in series. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 625, 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.035
  • Bera, A., Deb, K., Chattopadhyay, K. K., Thapa, R., & Saha, B. (2016). Mixed phase delafossite structured p type CuFeO2/CuO thin film on FTO coated glass and its Schottky diode characteristics. Microelectronic Engineering, 162, 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2016.04.020
  • Caglar, Y., Görgün, K., Ilican, S., Caglar, M., & Yakuphanoğlu, F. (2016). Magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanorod–nanotube semiconductor/p-silicon heterojunction diodes. Applied Physics A, 122(8), 733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0251-0
  • Cheung, S. K., & Cheung, N. W. (1986). Extraction of Schottky diode parameters from forward current‐voltage characteristics. Applied Physics Letters, 49(2), 85-87. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.97359
  • Du, X. S., Hak, S., Hibma, T., Rogojanu, O. C., & Struth, B. (2006). X-rays diffraction on a new chromium oxide single-crystal thin film prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. Journal of Crystal Growth, 293(1), 228-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.05.013
  • Güçlü, Ç. Ş., Özdemi̇R, A. F., & Aldemi̇R, D. A. (2019). Mo/n-Si Schottky Diyotların Akım-Voltaj ve Kapasite-Voltaj Karakteristiklerinin Analizi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7(3), 2142-2155. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.544197
  • Hill, W. A., & Coleman, C. C. (1980). A single-frequency approximation for interface-state density determination. Solid-State Electronics, 23(9), 987-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(80)90064-7
  • Ilican, S., Caglar, M., Aksoy, S., & Caglar, Y. (2016). XPS Studies of Electrodeposited Grown F-Doped ZnO Rods and Electrical Properties of p-Si/n-FZN Heterojunctions. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2016, e6729032. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6729032
  • Kim, J., Kendall, O., Ren, J., Murdoch, B. J., McConville, C. F., van Embden, J., & Della Gaspera, E. (2022). Highly Conductive and Visibly Transparent p-Type CuCrO2 Films by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14(9), 11768-11778. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c24023 Mansour, A. M., Abou Hammad, A. B., & El Nahrawy, A. M. (2021). Sol–gel synthesis and physical characterization of novel MgCrO4-MgCu2O3 layered films and MgCrO4-MgCu2O3/p-Si based photodiode. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 25, 100646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100646
  • Masudy-Panah, S., Radhakrishnan, K., Tan, H. R., Yi, R., Wong, T. I., & Dalapati, G. K. (2015). Titanium doped cupric oxide for photovoltaic application. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 140, 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.04.024
  • Nicollian, E. H., & Brews, J. R. (2002). MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Physics and Technology. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Norde, H. (1979). A modified forward I‐V plot for Schottky diodes with high series resistance. Journal of Applied Physics, 50(7), 5052-5053. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.325607
  • Özkartal, A., & Thaer Noori̇, D. (2021). Ni/n-GaAs ve NiO/n-GaAs Diyotların Elektriksel Parametreleri Arasındaki İlişki. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.879884
  • Peng, C., & Gao, L. (2008). Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Spinel ZnCr2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Hydrothermal Route. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 91(7), 2388-2390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02417.x
  • Qin, P.-L., Lei, H.-W., Zheng, X.-L., Liu, Q., Tao, H., Yang, G., Ke, W.-J., Xiong, L.-B., Qin, M.-C., Zhao, X.-Z., & Fang, G.-J. (2016). Copper-Doped Chromium Oxide Hole-Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells: Interface Engineering and Performance Improvement. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 3(14), 1500799. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500799
  • Rhoderick, E. H., & Williams, R. H. (1988). Metal-semiconductor Contacts. Clarendon Press.
  • Ruzgar, S., Caglar, Y., & Caglar, M. (2021). The optoelectrical properties of rare earth element Eu doped CuxO based heterojunction photodiode. Chinese Journal of Physics, 72, 587-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2021.05.017
  • Ruzgar, S., Caglar, Y., Polat, O., Sobola, D., & Caglar, M. (2020). The tuning of electrical performance of Au/(CuO:La)/n-Si photodiode with La doping. Surfaces and Interfaces, 21, 100750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100750
  • Ruzgar, S., Caglar, Y., Polat, O., Sobola, D., & Caglar, M. (2021). The influence of Fe substitution into photovoltaic performance of p-CuO/n-Si heterojunctions. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32(15), 20755-20766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06589-9
  • Ruzgar, S., & Pehlivanoglu, S. A. (2020). The effect of Fe dopant on structural, optical properties of TiO2 thin films and electrical performance of TiO2 based photodiode. Superlattices and Microstructures, 145, 106636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106636
  • Sze, S. M., Li, Y., & Ng, K. K. (2021). Physics of Semiconductor Devices. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Tuğluoğlu, N., Taşcı, E., & Eymur, S. (2022). ANALYSIS OF INTERFACE TRAPS OF Au/C25H25BF2N2O/n-Si SCHOTTKY DIODES BY HILL-COLEMAN TECHNIQUE. NEW MATERIALS, 10. Tung, R. T. (2001). Recent advances in Schottky barrier concepts. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 35(1), 1-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(01)00037-7
  • Türk, Ç. G., Tan, S. O., Altındal, Ş., & İnem, B. (2020). Frequency and voltage dependence of barrier height, surface states, and series resistance in Al/Al2O3/p-Si structures in wide range frequency and voltage. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 582, 411979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2019.411979
  • Venkateswari, P., Thirunavukkarasu, P., Ramamurthy, M., Balaji, M., & Chandrasekaran, J. (2017). Optimization and characterization of CuO thin films for P–N junction diode application by JNSP technique. Optik, 140, 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.04.039
  • Yang, J., Wang, D., Han, H., & Li, C. A. N. (2013). Roles of cocatalysts in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. Accounts of chemical research, 46(8), 1900-1909.
  • Yin, W., Yang, J., Zhao, K., Cui, A., Zhou, J., Tian, W., Li, W., Hu, Z., & Chu, J. (2020). High Responsivity and External Quantum Efficiency Photodetectors Based on Solution-Processed Ni-Doped CuO Films. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(10), 11797-11805. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b18663
  • Zekaik, A., Benhebal, H., & Benrabah, B. (2019). Synthesis and characterization of Cu doped chromium oxide (Cr2O3) thin films. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 38(2019), 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0037

Year 2023, , 1713 - 1723, 01.09.2023

Şeyhmus Toprak , Şerif Rüzgar

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1254573

Abstract

Project Number

BTUBAP-2019-SHMYO-01

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, H., Shalaan, E., Abd-El Salam, M., & El-Mahalawy, A. M. (2018). Effect of illumination intensity on the characteristics of Cu(acac)2/n-Si photodiode. Synthetic Metals, 245, 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.09.009
  • Ahmed, M. A. M., Meyer, W. E., & Nel, J. M. (2019). Effect of (Ce, Al) co-doped ZnO thin films on the Schottky diode properties fabricated using the sol-gel spin coating. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 103, 104612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2019.104612
  • Amde, M., Liu, J., Tan, Z.-Q., & Bekana, D. (2017). Transformation and bioavailability of metal oxide nanoparticles in aquatic and terrestrial environments. A review. Environmental Pollution, 230, 250-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.064
  • Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, K., & Taga, Y. (2001). Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science, 293(5528), 269-271.
  • Aydin, H., Tataroğlu, A., Al-Ghamdi, A. A., Yakuphanoglu, F., El-Tantawy, F., & Farooq, W. A. (2015). A novel type heterojunction photodiodes formed junctions of Au/LiZnSnO and LiZnSnO/p-Si in series. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 625, 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.035
  • Bera, A., Deb, K., Chattopadhyay, K. K., Thapa, R., & Saha, B. (2016). Mixed phase delafossite structured p type CuFeO2/CuO thin film on FTO coated glass and its Schottky diode characteristics. Microelectronic Engineering, 162, 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2016.04.020
  • Caglar, Y., Görgün, K., Ilican, S., Caglar, M., & Yakuphanoğlu, F. (2016). Magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanorod–nanotube semiconductor/p-silicon heterojunction diodes. Applied Physics A, 122(8), 733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0251-0
  • Cheung, S. K., & Cheung, N. W. (1986). Extraction of Schottky diode parameters from forward current‐voltage characteristics. Applied Physics Letters, 49(2), 85-87. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.97359
  • Du, X. S., Hak, S., Hibma, T., Rogojanu, O. C., & Struth, B. (2006). X-rays diffraction on a new chromium oxide single-crystal thin film prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. Journal of Crystal Growth, 293(1), 228-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.05.013
  • Güçlü, Ç. Ş., Özdemi̇R, A. F., & Aldemi̇R, D. A. (2019). Mo/n-Si Schottky Diyotların Akım-Voltaj ve Kapasite-Voltaj Karakteristiklerinin Analizi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7(3), 2142-2155. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.544197
  • Hill, W. A., & Coleman, C. C. (1980). A single-frequency approximation for interface-state density determination. Solid-State Electronics, 23(9), 987-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(80)90064-7
  • Ilican, S., Caglar, M., Aksoy, S., & Caglar, Y. (2016). XPS Studies of Electrodeposited Grown F-Doped ZnO Rods and Electrical Properties of p-Si/n-FZN Heterojunctions. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2016, e6729032. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6729032
  • Kim, J., Kendall, O., Ren, J., Murdoch, B. J., McConville, C. F., van Embden, J., & Della Gaspera, E. (2022). Highly Conductive and Visibly Transparent p-Type CuCrO2 Films by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14(9), 11768-11778. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c24023 Mansour, A. M., Abou Hammad, A. B., & El Nahrawy, A. M. (2021). Sol–gel synthesis and physical characterization of novel MgCrO4-MgCu2O3 layered films and MgCrO4-MgCu2O3/p-Si based photodiode. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 25, 100646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100646
  • Masudy-Panah, S., Radhakrishnan, K., Tan, H. R., Yi, R., Wong, T. I., & Dalapati, G. K. (2015). Titanium doped cupric oxide for photovoltaic application. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 140, 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.04.024
  • Nicollian, E. H., & Brews, J. R. (2002). MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Physics and Technology. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Norde, H. (1979). A modified forward I‐V plot for Schottky diodes with high series resistance. Journal of Applied Physics, 50(7), 5052-5053. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.325607
  • Özkartal, A., & Thaer Noori̇, D. (2021). Ni/n-GaAs ve NiO/n-GaAs Diyotların Elektriksel Parametreleri Arasındaki İlişki. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.879884
  • Peng, C., & Gao, L. (2008). Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Spinel ZnCr2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Hydrothermal Route. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 91(7), 2388-2390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02417.x
  • Qin, P.-L., Lei, H.-W., Zheng, X.-L., Liu, Q., Tao, H., Yang, G., Ke, W.-J., Xiong, L.-B., Qin, M.-C., Zhao, X.-Z., & Fang, G.-J. (2016). Copper-Doped Chromium Oxide Hole-Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells: Interface Engineering and Performance Improvement. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 3(14), 1500799. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500799
  • Rhoderick, E. H., & Williams, R. H. (1988). Metal-semiconductor Contacts. Clarendon Press.
  • Ruzgar, S., Caglar, Y., & Caglar, M. (2021). The optoelectrical properties of rare earth element Eu doped CuxO based heterojunction photodiode. Chinese Journal of Physics, 72, 587-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2021.05.017
  • Ruzgar, S., Caglar, Y., Polat, O., Sobola, D., & Caglar, M. (2020). The tuning of electrical performance of Au/(CuO:La)/n-Si photodiode with La doping. Surfaces and Interfaces, 21, 100750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100750
  • Ruzgar, S., Caglar, Y., Polat, O., Sobola, D., & Caglar, M. (2021). The influence of Fe substitution into photovoltaic performance of p-CuO/n-Si heterojunctions. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32(15), 20755-20766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06589-9
  • Ruzgar, S., & Pehlivanoglu, S. A. (2020). The effect of Fe dopant on structural, optical properties of TiO2 thin films and electrical performance of TiO2 based photodiode. Superlattices and Microstructures, 145, 106636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106636
  • Sze, S. M., Li, Y., & Ng, K. K. (2021). Physics of Semiconductor Devices. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Tuğluoğlu, N., Taşcı, E., & Eymur, S. (2022). ANALYSIS OF INTERFACE TRAPS OF Au/C25H25BF2N2O/n-Si SCHOTTKY DIODES BY HILL-COLEMAN TECHNIQUE. NEW MATERIALS, 10. Tung, R. T. (2001). Recent advances in Schottky barrier concepts. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 35(1), 1-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(01)00037-7
  • Türk, Ç. G., Tan, S. O., Altındal, Ş., & İnem, B. (2020). Frequency and voltage dependence of barrier height, surface states, and series resistance in Al/Al2O3/p-Si structures in wide range frequency and voltage. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 582, 411979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2019.411979
  • Venkateswari, P., Thirunavukkarasu, P., Ramamurthy, M., Balaji, M., & Chandrasekaran, J. (2017). Optimization and characterization of CuO thin films for P–N junction diode application by JNSP technique. Optik, 140, 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.04.039
  • Yang, J., Wang, D., Han, H., & Li, C. A. N. (2013). Roles of cocatalysts in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. Accounts of chemical research, 46(8), 1900-1909.
  • Yin, W., Yang, J., Zhao, K., Cui, A., Zhou, J., Tian, W., Li, W., Hu, Z., & Chu, J. (2020). High Responsivity and External Quantum Efficiency Photodetectors Based on Solution-Processed Ni-Doped CuO Films. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(10), 11797-11805. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b18663
  • Zekaik, A., Benhebal, H., & Benrabah, B. (2019). Synthesis and characterization of Cu doped chromium oxide (Cr2O3) thin films. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 38(2019), 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0037
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section Fizik / Physics
Authors

Şeyhmus Toprak 0000-0002-1275-8666

Şerif Rüzgar 0000-0002-4964-2202

Project Number BTUBAP-2019-SHMYO-01
Early Pub Date August 29, 2023
Publication Date September 1, 2023
Submission Date February 21, 2023
Acceptance Date May 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Toprak, Ş., & Rüzgar, Ş. (2023). Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(3), 1713-1723. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1254573
AMA Toprak Ş, Rüzgar Ş. Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. September 2023;13(3):1713-1723. doi:10.21597/jist.1254573
Chicago Toprak, Şeyhmus, and Şerif Rüzgar. “Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/N-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (September 2023): 1713-23. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1254573.
EndNote Toprak Ş, Rüzgar Ş (September 1, 2023) Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13 3 1713–1723.
IEEE Ş. Toprak and Ş. Rüzgar, “Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1713–1723, 2023, doi: 10.21597/jist.1254573.
ISNAD Toprak, Şeyhmus - Rüzgar, Şerif. “Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/N-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13/3 (September 2023), 1713-1723. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1254573.
JAMA Toprak Ş, Rüzgar Ş. Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13:1713–1723.
MLA Toprak, Şeyhmus and Şerif Rüzgar. “Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/N-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 1713-2, doi:10.21597/jist.1254573.
Vancouver Toprak Ş, Rüzgar Ş. Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Cu1-xCrxO/n-Si Diodes by Sol Gel Spin Coating Method. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13(3):1713-2.