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Bilgi Tabanlı Ağlar: Otonom 6G Sistemleri için Üstün Bir Paradigma

Year 2026, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 14 - 30, 01.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1676718
https://izlik.org/JA87MN88DT

Abstract

6G ağlarının ortaya çıkışı, ağ yönetimi için sağlam ve uyarlanabilir çözümler gerektiren yeni bir karmaşıklık düzeyini beraberinde getirmektedir. Yapay Zekâ (AI) ve Makine Öğrenimi (ML) yaklaşımları dinamik ağ koşullarını destekleyebilse de, bu yöntemlerin büyük veri kümelerine olan bağımlılığı, şeffaflık eksikliği ve yüksek hesaplama gereksinimleri, gerçek dünya uygulamalarındaki etkinliklerini sınırlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, bu makale bilgi tanımlı ağlar (Knowledge-Defined Networking – KDN) yaklaşımını, alan bilgisi ile AI/ML yeteneklerini birleştirerek ağ yönetimi performansını artıran üstün bir yöntem olarak sunmaktadır. Önerilen KDN mimarisi, karar alma ve yönetimi iyileştirmek üzere kesintisiz etkileşim içinde çalışan dört modüler düzlemden—Veri, Kontrol, Bilgi ve Yönetim—oluşmaktadır. Karşılaştırmalı bir analiz aracılığıyla, bu çalışma KDN'nin yönlendirme yönetimindeki faydalarını; daha yüksek paket teslim oranları, daha düşük gecikme süresi ve değişen ağ koşullarına karşı daha iyi uyum gibi avantajlarla ortaya koymaktadır. Simüle edilmiş bir 6G ortamından elde edilen ampirik sonuçlar, KDN'nin diğer AI/ML yaklaşımlarına kıyasla tutarlı şekilde daha iyi performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, KDN’nin, akıllı ve güvenilir ağ yönetimi için AI/ML yöntemlerinin sınırlamalarını aşmada kritik bir çerçeve sunduğunu desteklemektedir.

References

  • Bilen, T. (2025). Integrating Queuing Theory and GBM for Dynamic Resource Allocation in 6G Networks. Mus Alparslan University Journal of Science, 13(1), 70-80.
  • Akbar, M. S. et al. (2024). 6G Survey on Challenges, Requirements, Applications, Key Enabling Technologies, Use Cases, AI integration issues and Security aspects. arXiv: 2206.00868.
  • Hyun, J., & Hong, J. W.-K. (2017). Knowledge-defined networking using in-band network telemetry. In 2017 19th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS) (pp. 54–57).
  • Na, M., Lee, J., Choi, G., Yu, T., Choi, J., Lee, J., & Bahk, S. (2024). Operator’s perspective on 6G: 6G services, vision, and spectrum. IEEE Communications Magazine, 62(8), 178–184.
  • Scalise, P. et al. (2024). A Systematic Survey on 5G and 6G Security Considerations, Challenges, Trends, and Research Areas. Future Internet, 16(3), 67.
  • Souza, R., Santos, M., Bonfim, M., Dias, K., & Fernandes, S. (2022). KDN-based fault-tolerant scheduling for VNFs in data centers. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 19(4), 4905–4917.
  • Tinh, B. T., Nguyen, L. D., Kha, H. H., & Duong, T. Q. (2022). Practical optimization and game theory for 6G ultra-dense networks: Overview and research challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 13311–13328.
  • Tshakwanda, P. M., Arzo, S. T., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2024). Advancing 6G network performance: AI/ML framework for proactive management and dynamic optimal routing. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, 5, 303–314.
  • Yang, K., He, Q., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, M., & Zhao, L. (2025). KDN-based adaptive computation offloading and resource allocation strategy optimization: Maximizing user satisfaction. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 74(5), 1743–1757.
  • Yi, W., Fu, Y., Cao, J., Gan, L., Xiong, L., & Li, H. (2025). Towards seamless 6G and AI/ML convergence: Architectural enhancements and security challenges. IEEE Network, 1–1.
  • Zeman, D., Zelinka, I., & Voznak, M. (2023). A reinforcement learning framework for knowledge-defined networking. In 2023 15th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT) (pp. 152–156).
  • Zhang, C., He, Q., Li, F., & Yu, K. (2025). Intelligent task offloading and resource allocation in knowledge defined edge computing networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 24(5), 4312–4325.
  • Zhang, Y., Li, J., Yu, Y., Fan, Z., Ma, H., & Wang, X. (2023). SDN multi-domain routing for knowledge-defined networking. In 2023 15th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN) (pp. 24–29).
  • Zhu, Z., Liu, S., Li, B., & Lu, W. (2018). AI-assisted knowledge-defined multilayer optical networks. In 2018 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM) (pp. 127–128).
  • Zong, B., Fan, C., Wang, X., Duan, X., Wang, B., & Wang, J. (2019). 6G technologies: Key drivers, core requirements, system architectures, and enabling technologies. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 14(3), 18–27.

Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems

Year 2026, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 14 - 30, 01.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1676718
https://izlik.org/JA87MN88DT

Abstract

The emergence of 6G networks introduces a new level of complexity by requiring robust and adaptive solutions for network management. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) approaches can support dynamic network conditions, their dependence on large datasets, lack of transparency, and high computational demands limit their effectiveness in real-world applications. Accordingly, this paper presents knowledge-defined networking (KDN) as a superior approach that combines domain-specific knowledge with AI/ML capabilities to enhance network management performance. The proposed KDN architecture consists of four modular planes—Data, Control, Knowledge, and Management—that interact seamlessly to improve decision-making and management. Through a comparative analysis, this study highlights the benefits of KDN in routing management, including higher packet delivery ratios (up to 21% improvement), reduced latency (up to 32% lower), lower energy consumption (up to 27% savings), and improved adaptability (up to 36% enhancement) in changing network conditions. Empirical results from a simulated 6G environment show that KDN consistently outperforms other AI/ML approaches. These results support KDN as a crucial framework to overcome the limitations of AI/ML for intelligent and reliable network management.

References

  • Bilen, T. (2025). Integrating Queuing Theory and GBM for Dynamic Resource Allocation in 6G Networks. Mus Alparslan University Journal of Science, 13(1), 70-80.
  • Akbar, M. S. et al. (2024). 6G Survey on Challenges, Requirements, Applications, Key Enabling Technologies, Use Cases, AI integration issues and Security aspects. arXiv: 2206.00868.
  • Hyun, J., & Hong, J. W.-K. (2017). Knowledge-defined networking using in-band network telemetry. In 2017 19th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS) (pp. 54–57).
  • Na, M., Lee, J., Choi, G., Yu, T., Choi, J., Lee, J., & Bahk, S. (2024). Operator’s perspective on 6G: 6G services, vision, and spectrum. IEEE Communications Magazine, 62(8), 178–184.
  • Scalise, P. et al. (2024). A Systematic Survey on 5G and 6G Security Considerations, Challenges, Trends, and Research Areas. Future Internet, 16(3), 67.
  • Souza, R., Santos, M., Bonfim, M., Dias, K., & Fernandes, S. (2022). KDN-based fault-tolerant scheduling for VNFs in data centers. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 19(4), 4905–4917.
  • Tinh, B. T., Nguyen, L. D., Kha, H. H., & Duong, T. Q. (2022). Practical optimization and game theory for 6G ultra-dense networks: Overview and research challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 13311–13328.
  • Tshakwanda, P. M., Arzo, S. T., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2024). Advancing 6G network performance: AI/ML framework for proactive management and dynamic optimal routing. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, 5, 303–314.
  • Yang, K., He, Q., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, M., & Zhao, L. (2025). KDN-based adaptive computation offloading and resource allocation strategy optimization: Maximizing user satisfaction. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 74(5), 1743–1757.
  • Yi, W., Fu, Y., Cao, J., Gan, L., Xiong, L., & Li, H. (2025). Towards seamless 6G and AI/ML convergence: Architectural enhancements and security challenges. IEEE Network, 1–1.
  • Zeman, D., Zelinka, I., & Voznak, M. (2023). A reinforcement learning framework for knowledge-defined networking. In 2023 15th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT) (pp. 152–156).
  • Zhang, C., He, Q., Li, F., & Yu, K. (2025). Intelligent task offloading and resource allocation in knowledge defined edge computing networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 24(5), 4312–4325.
  • Zhang, Y., Li, J., Yu, Y., Fan, Z., Ma, H., & Wang, X. (2023). SDN multi-domain routing for knowledge-defined networking. In 2023 15th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN) (pp. 24–29).
  • Zhu, Z., Liu, S., Li, B., & Lu, W. (2018). AI-assisted knowledge-defined multilayer optical networks. In 2018 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM) (pp. 127–128).
  • Zong, B., Fan, C., Wang, X., Duan, X., Wang, B., & Wang, J. (2019). 6G technologies: Key drivers, core requirements, system architectures, and enabling technologies. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 14(3), 18–27.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Computer Software, Software Engineering (Other), Quantum Engineering Systems (Incl. Computing and Communications)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğçe Bilen 0000-0001-6680-8748

Submission Date April 15, 2025
Acceptance Date July 3, 2025
Publication Date March 1, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1676718
IZ https://izlik.org/JA87MN88DT
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bilen, T. (2026). Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 16(1), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1676718
AMA 1.Bilen T. Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2026;16(1):14-30. doi:10.21597/jist.1676718
Chicago Bilen, Tuğçe. 2026. “Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 16 (1): 14-30. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1676718.
EndNote Bilen T (March 1, 2026) Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 16 1 14–30.
IEEE [1]T. Bilen, “Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 14–30, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.21597/jist.1676718.
ISNAD Bilen, Tuğçe. “Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 16/1 (March 1, 2026): 14-30. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1676718.
JAMA 1.Bilen T. Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2026;16:14–30.
MLA Bilen, Tuğçe. “Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 16, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 14-30, doi:10.21597/jist.1676718.
Vancouver 1.Tuğçe Bilen. Knowledge-Defined Networking: A Superior Paradigm for Autonomous 6G Systems. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2026 Mar. 1;16(1):14-30. doi:10.21597/jist.1676718