A Sinusoidal Area Matching Modulation Technique for Multilevel Inverters

Abstract

In this paper, a new modulation approach, Sinusoidal Area Matching Modulation (AMM), is proposed for multilevel inverter (MLI) systems. While the conventional Nearest Level Control (NLC) method is based on rounding the reference signal to the nearest level, the AMM method is based on the principle of field equality between the sinusoidal reference signal and the cascaded structure of the output. This approach provides average power accuracy and lower harmonic distortion (THD), especially in inverter systems where the output voltage waveform is cascaded. While the THD rate obtained with the AMM method was reduced to 8.91%, it was calculated as 9.36% with the NLC method. The method is applied to an asymmetric Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) topology and evaluated through detailed simulation studies. The results show that the proposed AMM technique offers lower THD and improved RMS performance compared to the NLC method. Moreover, the analysis for different peak values of the sine wave shows that the AMM also exhibits superior performance under variable amplitude conditions.

Keywords

• Area Matching Modulation (AMM)
• Multilevel Inverter
• Modulation Technique
• NLC
• THD

Çok Seviyeli Eviriciler için Sinüzoidal Alan Eşleme Modülasyon Tekniği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, çok seviyeli inverter (ÇSE) sistemleri için yeni bir modülasyon yaklaşımı olan Sinüzoidal Alan Eşleştirme Modülasyonu (AEM) tekniği önerilmiştir. Geleneksel En Yakın Seviye Kontrol (NLC) yönteminde, referans sinyalin en yakın seviyeye yuvarlanması esas alınırken, AEM yöntemi sinüzoidal referans sinyali ile çıkışın basamaklı yapısı arasındaki alan eşitliği ilkesine dayanmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, özellikle çıkış gerilim dalga formunun basamaklı üretildiği inverter sistemlerinde ortalama güç doğruluğu ve daha düşük toplam harmonik bozulma (THD) elde edilmesini sağlar. AEM yöntemiyle elde edilen THD oranı %8.91’e düşerken, NLC yöntemiyle bu oran %9.36 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yöntem, asimetrik yapıdaki Kaskat H-Köprü (CHB) topolojisine uygulanmış ve detaylı simülasyon çalışmaları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, önerilen AEM tekniğinin NLC yöntemine kıyasla daha düşük THD ve gelişmiş RMS performansı sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca sinüs dalgasının farklı tepe değerleri için yapılan analizlerde, AEM'nin değişken genlik koşullarında da üstün performans sergilediği gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Alan Eşleştirme Modülasyonu (AEM)
• Çok Seviyeli Evirici
• Modülasyon Tekniği
• NLC
• THD

References

1. Al Shaheer, A., Mohammad Hammad, S., Sarwar, A., Zaid, M., Ahmad, S., Liu, H. D. (2024). A Single Phase Five Level Switched Capacitor Inverter With Common Ground Configuration. IEEE Access, 12, 101814-101828. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3430538
2. Barzegarkhoo, R., Forouzesh, M., Lee, S. S., Blaabjerg, F., Siwakoti, Y. P. (2022). Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverters: A Comprehensive Review. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2022.3164508
3. Choudhary, A., Kumar, R., Letha, S. S., Bakhsh, F. I., Singh, A., Khan, M. J. (2024). Review of recent trends of advancements in multilevel inverter topologies with reduced power switches and control techniques. IET Power Electronics. doi:10.1049/PEL2.12564
4. Gupta, K. K., Ranjan, A., Bhatnagar, P., Sahu, K., Jain, S. (2016). Multilevel Inverter Topologies With Reduced Device Count: A Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, 31(1). doi:10.1109/TPEL.2015.2405012
5. Hatas, H., Almali, M. N. (2023). Design and control of bypass diode multilevel inverter using a single DC source. Electric Power Systems Research, 216, 109039. doi:10.1016/J.EPSR.2022.109039
6. HATAŞ, H. (2025). Design and implementation of a novel switched rectifier based voltage multiplexer for multilevel inverters. Electric Power Systems Research, 247, 111760. doi:10.1016/J.EPSR.2025.111760
7. Hu, P., Jiang, D. (2015). A level-increased nearest level modulation method for modular multilevel converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(4), 1836-1842. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2014.2325875
8. Iqbal, S., Alshammari, N. F., Shouran, M., Massoud, J. (2024). Smart and Sustainable Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy with Renewable Energy and Internet of Things Integration. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 2487, 16(6), 2487. doi:10.3390/SU16062487

9. Jayakumar, V., Sivaselvan, S., Nanthakumar, P., Yogeshwaran, S., Kaviyarasan, T. (2024). Analysis of Multilevel Inverter with Different Control Techniques. 2nd International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems, ICICACS 2024. doi:10.1109/ICICACS60521.2024.10498477
10. Karakılıç, M. (2025). A Novel Hexagonal Switched Capacitor Unit (HSCU) Design With Seven-Level Multilevel Inverter Topology. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications. doi:10.1002/cta.4469
11. Karakılıç, M., Zeynalov, J. I., Hataş, H. (2025). Low-cost single-source 17 level multilevel inverter with reduced switch count. Engineering Research Express, 7(1). doi:10.1088/2631-8695/adaac1
12. Karakılıç, Murat. (2025). A Novel Enhanced Switched Capacitor (ESC) Unit and ESC Based 9L MLI Topology. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology. doi:10.1007/s42835-025-02202-9
13. Khalid, M. (2024). Smart grids and renewable energy systems: Perspectives and grid integration challenges. Energy Strategy Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.esr.2024.101299
14. Kürşat Aktar, A., Karakiliç, M., Makalesi Başvuru, A., Özet, G., Graphical, (, Tabular, /. (2024). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarından Beslenen Bir Mikro Şebekenin Enerji Depolama Sistemleri Desteği ile Optimum Çalışması. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 12(4), 1018-1034. doi:10.29109/GUJSC.1533522
15. Lingom, P. M., Song-Manguelle, J., Nyobe-Yome, J. M., Doumbia, M. L. (2024). A Comprehensive Review of Compensation Control Techniques Suitable for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Operation with Unequal DC Sources or Faulty Cells. Energies. doi:10.3390/en17030722
16. Prasad Panda, K., Ranjan Bana, P., Panda, G. (2020). FPA Optimized Selective Harmonic Elimination in Symmetric-Asymmetric Reduced Switch Cascaded Multilevel Inverter. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, 56(3). doi:10.1109/TIA.2020.2981601
17. Rajesh, C. R., Meenalochini, P., Kannaiah, S. K., Bindu, A. (2024). A hybrid control topology for cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter to improve the power quality of smart grid connected system: NBO-RERNN approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 238. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122054
18. Saeedian, M., Ebrahim Adabi, M., Mehdi Hosseini, S., Adabi, J., Pouresmaeil, E., Member, S. (2019). A Novel Step-Up Single Source Multilevel Inverter: Topology, Operating Principle, and Modulation; A Novel Step-Up Single Source Multilevel Inverter: Topology, Operating Principle, and Modulation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, 34(4), 3269. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2018.2848359
19. Sharma, B., Manna, S., Saxena, V., Raghuvanshi, P. K., Alsharif, M. H., Kim, M. K. (2025). A comprehensive review of multi-level inverters, modulation, and control for grid-interfaced solar PV systems. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1-23. doi:10.1038/S41598-024-84296-1;SUBJMETA=166,4077,639;KWRD=ENERGY+SCIENCE+AND+TECHNOLOGY,ENGINEERING
20. Varesi, K., Karimi, M., Kargar, P. (2019). A New Cascaded 35-Level Inverter with Reduced Switch Count. 2019 Iranian Conference on Renewable Energy & Distributed Generation (ICREDG). doi:10.1109/ICREDG47187.2019.190239