FDM Yöntemiyle Üretilen PLA’nın Mekanik Performansı Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi: Yanıt Yüzey Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Polilaktik asit (PLA), çevre dostu yapısı ve kolay basılabilirliği sayesinde eritilmiş biriktirme modelleme (FDM) tekniğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan popüler bir biyopolimerdir; ancak fonksiyonel uygulamalar için mekanik özelliklerinin genellikle iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, 3B (üç boyutlu) baskılı PLA numunelerin çekme dayanımı üzerindeki ısıl işlem parametrelerinin—özellikle sıcaklık ve sürenin—etkisini incelemektedir. Dolgu yoğunluğu, yapısal bir değişken olarak ek bir parametre şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında 17 deney koşulu içeren bir Box-Behnken Deney Tasarımı (BBD) uygulanmış ve elde edilen verilerle Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi (RSM) kullanılarak ikinci dereceden regresyon modeli geliştirilmiştir. Varyans analizi (ANOVA), dolgu yoğunluğu ile işlem süresinin çekme dayanımı üzerinde anlamlı, sıcaklığın ise incelenen aralıkta sınırlı etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek deneysel çekme dayanımı, 95 °C, 105 dk ve %100 dolgu koşullarında 67,04 MPa olarak ölçülmüştür. Sayısal optimizasyon, 95 °C, 180 dk ve %100 dolgu koşullarında 67,34 MPa değerini öngörmüştür. Geliştirilen modelin tahmin başarısı oldukça yüksek bulunmuş (R² = 0,9943). Bu bulgular, ısıl işlem sürecinin doğru şekilde optimize edilmesi durumunda FDM ile üretilmiş PLA parçaların mekanik performansının önemli ölçüde artırılabileceğini göstermektedir. Önerilen yöntem, malzeme veya ekipmanda herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadan parça kalitesini ekonomik biçimde iyileştirmek için etkili bir yol sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• PLA
• 3B baskı
• ısıl işlem
• çekme dayanımı
• yanıt yüzey yaklaşımı

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Performance of FDM-Printed PLA: A Response Surface Approach

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular biopolymer used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) due to its printability and eco-friendly nature; however, its mechanical properties often require enhancement for functional applications. This study investigates the effect of thermal treatment parameters—specifically temperature and duration—on the tensile strength of 3D (three-dimensional) printed PLA specimens, with infill density considered as an additional structural variable. A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to organize 17 experimental trials, and a quadratic regression model was constructed utilizing response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) established that infill density and treatment duration were statistically significant factors influencing tensile strength, while temperature exhibited minimal impact. The highest experimental tensile strength was 67.04 MPa at 95 °C, 105 minutes, and 100% infill. Numerical optimization predicted 67.34 MPa at 95 °C, 180 minutes, and 100% infill. The model exhibited strong predictive accuracy (R² = 0.9943). These findings demonstrate that thermal post-processing, when properly optimized, can substantially enhance the mechanical performance of FDM-printed PLA components. The proposed approach presents a feasible and cost-efficient method for improving part quality without altering materials or hardware.

Keywords

• PLA
• 3D printing
• therman treatment
• tensile strength
• response surface methodology

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