Determination of Antioxidant Capacity of Astragalus halicacabus Lam

Abstract

In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging activities, ascorbic acid levels of the endemic Astragalus halicacabus Lam. species growing in Turkey were thoroughly evaluated. The total antioxidant capacity of the leaves was determined as 10.32±0.30 mM ascorbic acid/g, while total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were 4.29±0.12 mg gallic acid/g and 3.54±0.22 mg quercetin/g, respectively. The ascorbic acid content was measured as 48.46±0.79 mg/100 g. DPPH(2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) and ABTS ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) radical inhibition values were 56.15% and 54.60%, indicating similar activity yet remaining lower than those of the positive controls. In contrast, the plant exhibited markedly higher superoxide radical scavenging activity at 95.12 µg/ml (70.46%), clearly exceeding the positive control (49.28%). Metal chelation inhibition was found to be 51.66% with an IC₅₀ of 43.17±0.68 µg/ml, while hydroxyl radical inhibition reached 67.09%. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging produced a maximum inhibition of 58.54%, with an IC₅₀ value of 66.29±1.23 µg/ml. Overall, the strong superoxide radical scavenging capacity highlights the selective yet potent antioxidant behavior of the plant. Although its hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities were comparatively lower than those of the reference antioxidants, the plant still demonstrates meaningful antioxidant potential. These findings suggest that Astragalus halicacabus Lam., with its rich phenolic profile and notable vitamin content, represents a valuable natural antioxidant source with promising potential in pharmacology, functional food development, and natural antioxidant formulations, while also contributing important insights into the species’ biochemical characteristics and supporting its possible therapeutic relevance in future research

Keywords

• Astragalus halicacabus Lam
• DPPH
• ABTS
• free radicals
• dinitro
• phenylhydrazine
• vitamin C

Astragalus halicacabus Lam. Bitkisinin Antioksidan Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Sunulan çalışmada Türkiye’de endemik olarak yetişen Astragalus halicacabus Lam. türünün toplam fenol, flavanoid içeriği, toplam antioksidan kapasitesi, serbest radikal giderim kapasitesi ve güçlü antioksidan vitamin olan askorbik asit (C vitamini) içeriği değerlendirildi. Bitki yapraklarının toplam antioksidan kapasitesi 10.32±0.30 mM askorbik asit/g, toplam fenol içeriği 4.29±0.12 mg gallikasit/g, toplam flavonoid içeriği 3.54±0.22 mg kuersetin/g olarak, askorbik asit (C vitamini) miktarı ise 48.46±0.79 mg/100g düzeyinde bulundu. DPPH(2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) ve ABTS(2,2-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) radikallerinin, %inhibisyon düzeylerinin sırasıyla %56.15 ve %54.60 olduğu, değerlerin birbirine oldukça yakın olduğu, fakat pozitif kontrol olan bileşiklere oranla bitkinin süpürme aktivitesinin zayıf olduğu görüldü. 95.12 µg/ml konsantrasyon değerinde bitkinin süperoksit radikalini süpürmede (%70.46), pozitif kontrole (%49.28) oranla daha etkin olduğu tesbit edildi. Metal şelatlama inhibisyonun %51.66, IC50 değerinin 43.17±0.68 µg/ml olduğu, hidroksil radikalini inhibe eden en yüksek değerin ise %67.09 olduğu görüldü. Bitkinin H2O2 giderim kapasitesi değerlendirildiğinde, en yüksek inhibisyonu %58.54, IC50 değeri ise 66.29±1.23 µg/ml olarak rapor edildi. Süperoksit radikali gideriminin, BHT’ye kıyasla daha yüksek bulunması dikkat çekici bir bulgudur ve bitkinin belirli radikal türlerine karşı son derece etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, bitkinin hidroksil, hidrojen peroksit giderim ve metal şelatlama aktivitesi, pozitif kontrollere göre daha düşük düzeylerde kalmıştır. Bu durum, bitkinin belirli radikal türlerine karşı güçlü, bazı türlere karşı ise sınırlı antioksidan etki gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Astragalus halicacabus Lam. bitkisinin belirli radikal türlerine karşı etkili bir antioksidan potansiyel taşıdığı, zengin fenolik bileşimi, vitamin içeriği ile doğal bir antioksidan kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bulgular, bitkinin farmakolojik uygulamalarda, fonksiyonel gıdalarda veya doğal antioksidan formülasyonlarında kullanılabilmesi için önemli bir bilimsel temel oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

• Astragalus halicacabus Lam
• DPPH
• ABTS
• serbest radikal
• dinitro fenilhidrazin
• C vitamini

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