Çilekte Melatonin ve Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme (MAP) Uygulamalarının Hasat Sonrası Depolama Süresince Meyve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Çilekte melatonin ve modifiye atmosfer paketleme (MAP) uygulamalarının hasat sonrası depolamada meyve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek üzere yürütülen çalışmada ticari olgunluktaki meyveler 4 gruba ayrılarak kontrol, 0.1 mM melatonin, 0.1 mM melatonin + MAP ve MAP uygulamaları olmak üzere 20 gün muhafaza edilmiştir. Depolama süresi sonunda ağırlık kaybının en düşük olduğu uygulama %0.70 ile MAP+Melatonin uygulaması olurken en yüksek kayıp ise %6.55 ile kontrol uygulaması meyvelerinden elde edilmiştir. Depolama süresinin sonunda kontrol grubu meyveleri en düşük SÇKM değerlerine sahip olmuştur. Muhafaza süresince tüm uygulamalarda TA değerleri azalış göstermiştir. Muhafazanın 20. gününde, en yüksek TA değeri Melatonin (%0.75) uygulamasında tespit edilmiştir. Muameleye tabi tutulmuş meyvelere ait L* değerleri genel olarak muhafaza süresince artış göstermiştir. Muhafaza süresinin geneline bakıldığında a* ve b* değerlerinde dalgalanmalar meydana gelmiştir. Genel olarak kontrol grubu meyvelerinde tüm zamanlarda diğer uygulamalara göre daha düşük değerler alınmıştır. Çilek meyvelerinde en fazla organik asit içeriğini sitrik asit en düşük ise süksinik asit değerleri oluşturmuştur. 20. günde Melatonin uygulaması en yüksek Malik asit değerlerine (283.85 mg 100 g-1 FW) kontrol uygulaması ise en düşük değer (211.45 mg 100 g-1 FW) sergilemiştir. Süksinik asit değerleri 4. ve 8. günde melatonin uygulamasında diğer uygulamalara göre daha yüksek sonuçlar vermiştir. Şikimik asit ve İzositrik asit olmuştur. Genel olarak Şikimik asit değerleri muhafaza süresince azalış göstermiştir. Muhafaza süresinin sonunda çilek meyvelerinde en yüksek Şikimik asit değeri 0.77 ile MAP uygulamasından tespit edilmiş olup bunu 0.63 ile MAP+Melatonin uygulaması takip etmiştir. En düşük İzositrik asit değerleri de tüm muhafaza sürelerinde kontrol uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Muhafaza süresi sonunda en fazla İzositrik asit içeriği 141.46 ile MAP+Melatoninuygulamasında tespit edilmiş bunu 116.65 ile Melatonin uygulaması takip etmiştir. Çalışma ile melatonin ve MAP uygulamalarının çilekte hasat sonrası meyve kalitesinin korunabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Çilek
• MAP
• Melatonin
• Ağırlık kaybı
• Fenolik bileşikler

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma 2021 tarihinde Siirt Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) koordinatörlüğü 2021-SİÜZİR-046 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

2021-SİÜZİR-046

Ethical Statement

Makale Hayvan ve İnsanlar üzerinde bir araştırma değildir ve bu araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için bir Etik Kurul Raporu gerekmemiştir.

Effects of Melatonin and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Postharvest Quality and Organic Acid Composition of Strawberry Fruits

Abstract

In the study conducted to determine the effects of melatonin and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) applications on fruit quality characteristics during post-harvest storage in strawberries, commercially mature fruits were divided into 4 groups: control, 0.1 mM melatonin, 0.1 mM melatonin + MAP, and MAP applications, and stored for 20 days. At the end of the storage period, the application with the lowest weight loss was the MAP+Melatonin application with 0.70%, while the highest loss was obtained from the control application fruits with 6.55%. At the end of the storage period, the control group fruits had the lowest soluble solids content (SSC) values. TA values decreased in all treatments during the storage period. On the 20th day of storage, the highest TA value was detected in the Melatonin (0.75%) treatment. L*values of the treated fruits generally increased during the storage period. Fluctuations occurred in a* and b* values when considering to the storage period as a whole. In general, lower values were obtained in the control group fruits at all times compared to other treatments. In strawberry fruits, citric acid had the highest organic acid content, while succinic acid had the lowest. On day 20, melatonin application showed the highest malic acid values (283.85 mg 100 g-1 FW), while the control application showed the lowest value (211.45 mg 100 g-1 FW). Succinic acid values were higher on days 4 and 8 with melatonin application compared to other applications. Shikimic acid and isocitric acid were also present. In general, shikimic acid values decreased during storage. At the end of the storage period, the highest shikimic acid value in strawberry fruits was detected with MAP application at 0.77, followed by MAP+Melatonin application at 0.63. The lowest isocitric acid values were also detected in the control application at all storage periods. At the end of the storage period, the highest isocitric acid content was detected with 141.46 in MAP+Melatonin application, followed by melatonin application at 116.65. The study showed that melatonin and MAP applications can preserve post-harvest fruit quality in strawberries.

Keywords

• Strawberry
• MAP
• Melatonin
• Weight loss
• Phenolic compounds

Project Number

2021-SİÜZİR-046

References

1. Aghdam, M.S., & Fard, J.R, (2017). Melatonin treatment attenuates postharvest decay and maintains nutritional quality of strawberry fruits (Fragaria× anannasa cv. Selva) by enhancing GABA shunt activity. Food Chemistry, 221, 1650-1657.
2. Babalar, M., Asghari, M., Talaei, A., & Khosroshahi, A, (2007). Effect of pre-and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on ethylene production, fungal decay and overall quality of Selva strawberry fruit. Food chemistry, 105(2), 449-453.
3. Ben-Yehoshua, S., & Rodov, V, (2002). Transpiration and water stress. In J. Barz, & J. K. Brecht (Eds.), Postharvest Physiology and Pathology of Vegetables, 111-159.
4. Bevilacqua, A. E., & Califano, A. N, (1989). Determination of organic acids in dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Food Science, 54(4): 1076-1076.
5. Cantin, C.M., Crisosto, C.H., & Day, K.R, (2008). Evaluation of the effect of different modified atmosphere packaging box liners on the quality and shelf life of ‘Friar’ plums, Preliminary and Regional Reports, 18(2).
6. Duan, J., Wu, R., Strik, B.C., & Zhao, Y, (2011). Effect of edible coatings on the quality of fresh blueberries (Duke and Elliott) under commercial storage conditions, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59, 71-79.
7. El-Mogy, M. M., Ali, M. R., Darwish, O.S., & Rogers, H. J, (2019). Impact of salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate on postharvest quality and bioactive compounds of cultivated strawberry fruit. Journal of Berry Research, 9(2), 333-348.
8. Fan, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, L., Sun, J., Sun, L., & Zhang, B, (2009). Effect of alginate coating combined with yeast antagonist on strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) preservation quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 53(1-2), 84-90.

9. Guevara-Terán, M., González-Paramás, A., Beltrán-Noboa, A., Giampieri, F., Battino, M., Tejera, E., & Álvarez-Suarez, J, (2022). Influence of altitude on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of strawberry: a preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(6): 1567-1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-022-09834-z
10. Günhan, R. S, (2021). Melatonin ve önemi. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(2): 342-350.
11. Hacışevki, A., & Baba, B, (2018). An overview of melatonin as an antioxidant molecule: a biochemical approach. Melatonin Molecular Biology, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Approaches, 5, 59-85, London: Intechopen.
12. Hernandez-Munoz, P., Almenar, E., Del Valle, V., Velez, D., & Gavara, R, (2008). Effect of chitosan coating combined with postharvest calcium treatment on strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) quality during refrigerated storage. Food chemistry, 110(2), 428-435.
13. Jiang, Y., Joyce, D. C., & Lerry, L.A, (2001). 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment affects strawberry fruit decay. Postharvest Biology Technology, 23(3): 227-232.
14. Jongsri, P., Rojsitthisak, P., Wangsomboondee, T., & Seraypheap, K, (2017). Influence of chitosan coating combined with spermidine on anthracnose disease and qualities of ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango after harvest, Sciantia Hortuculturae, 224, 180-187. https://doi.org /10.1016/ J.SCIENTA.2017.06.011
15. Kader, A.A., & Yahia, E.M, (2011). Postharvest biology of tropical and subtropical fruits. In: Yahia, E.M. (Ed.), Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 1. Woodhead Publishing, 2011, 79-111.
16. Küçüker, E., Ağlar, E., Çelik, K., Kızgın Özcengiz, C., & Oğurlu, F, (2023). Kiraz (Prunus avium L.)’da Hasat Sonrası Melatonin Uygulamasının Depolamada Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. TÜTAD. 10(3): 265-274. doi:10.19159/tutad.1292581
17. Kucuker, E., Ağlar, E., Gundogdu, M., Tekin, O., Ogurlu, F., & Kizgin Ozcengiz, C, (2023). New Approaches in Fig Preservation: Use of melatonin to maintain postharvest quality of fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit during cold storage. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 65(6): 2585-2595.
18. Kucuker, E., Gundogdu, M., Aglar, E., Ogurlu, F., Arslan, T., Ozcengiz, C. K., & Tekin, O., (2024). Physiological effects of melatonin on polyphenols, phenolic compounds, organic acids and some quality properties of peach fruit during cold storage. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 18(1), 823-833.
19. Küçüker, E., Kuru Berk, S., Melda Çolak, A., & Gundogdu, M, (2025). Melatonin use in Post-harvest fruit physiology: effect of melatonin treatments on quality properties, primer and seconder metabolites contents of Hawthorn fruit during cold storage. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 44(5), 2023-2036.
20. Liu, C., Zheng, H., Sheng, K., Liu, W., & Zheng, L, (2018). Effects of melatonin treatment on the postharvest quality of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 139, 47-55.
21. Liu, J., Liu, H., Wu, T., Zhai, R., Yang, C., & Wang, Z, (2019). Effects of melatonin treatment of postharvest pear fruit on aromatic volatile biosynthesis, Molecules, 24, 4233.
22. Liu, S., Huang, H., Huber, D. J., Pan, Y., Shi, X., & Zhang, Z, (2020). Delay of ripening and softening in ‘Guifei’mango fruit by postharvest application of melatonin. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 163, 111136.
23. Mahto, R., & Das, M, (2013). Effect of gamma irradiation on the physico-chemical and visual properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.), cv. ‘Dushehri’ and ‘Fazli’ stored at 20°C, Postharvest Biology Technology, 86, 447-455.
24. Nigro, F., Ippolito, A., Lattanzio, V., Di Venere, D., & Salerno, M, (2000). Effect of ultraviolet-C light on postharvest decay of strawberry. Journal of Plant Pathology, 29-37.
25. Ogurlu, F., Kucuker, E., & Aglar, E, (2024). Effects of Aloe vera and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Quality and Biochemical Properties of Pear Fruit During Cold Storage. Applied Fruit Science, 66, 823–832.
26. Onik, J.C., Wai, S.C., Li, A., Lin, Q., Sun, Q., & Wang, Z, (2020). Melatonin treatment reduces ethylene production and maintains fruit quality in apple during postharvest storage, Food Chemistry, 337, 127753.
27. Ozturk, B., Aglar, E., Gun, S., & Karakaya, O, (2020). Change of fruit quality properties of jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba) without stalk and with stalk during cold storage. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(sup3), S1891-S1903.
28. Ozturk, A., Ozturk, B., Karakaya, O., Gun, S., Ates, U., Yildiz, K., & Gundogdu, M, (2022). Preliminary results: Combination of MAP and Aloe vera gel in medlar fruit. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 64(1), 37-45.
29. Patel, N., Gantait, S., & Panigrahi, J, (2019). Extension of postharvest shelf-life in green bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) using exogenous application of polyamines (spermidine and putrescine), Food Chemistry, 275, 681-687.
30. Rahman, M., Mukta, J., Sabir, A., Gupta, D., Mohi-Ud-Din, M., Hasanuzzaman, M., & Islam, T, (2018). Chitosan biopolymer promotes yield and stimulates accumulation of antioxidants in strawberry fruit. Plos One, 13(9): e0203769. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203769
31. Rastegar, S., Khankahdani, H.H., & Rahimzadeh, M, (2000). Effects of melatonin treatment on the biochemical changes and antioxidant enzyme activity of mango fruit during storage, Scientia Horticulturae, 259, 108835.
32. Reiter, R., Tan, D.X., Mayo, J., Sainz, R., Leon, J., & Czarnocki, Z, (2003). Melatonin as an antioxidant: biochemical mechanisms and pathophysiological implications in humans. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 50(4): 1129-1146.
33. Rodrıguez-Delgado, M.A., Malovana, S., Perez, J.P., Borges, T., & Montelongo, F.G, (2001). Separation of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography with absorbance and fluorimetric detection. Journal of chromatography A, 912(2), 249-257.
34. Sogvar, O.B., Saba, M.K., & Emamifar, A, (2016). AV and ascorbic acid coatings maintain postharvest quality and reduce microbial load of strawberry fruit, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 114, 29-35.
35. Tijero, V., Munoz, P., & Munne-Bosch, S, (2019). Melatonin as an inhibitor of sweet cherries ripening in orchard trees. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 140, 88-95.
36. Wang, F., Zhang, X., Yang, Q., & Zhao, Q, (2019). Exogenous melatonin delays postharvest fruit senescence and maintains the quality of sweet cherries. Food Chemistry, 301, 125311.
37. Wu, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Gong, X., Zhang, Z., Sun, J., & Wang, Y, (2021). Exogenous melatonin improves physiological characteristics and promotes growth of strawberry seedlings under cadmium stress. Horticultural Plant Journal, 7(1): 13-22.
38. Xu, L., Yue, Q., Xiang, G., Bian, F.E., & Yao, Y, (2018). Melatonin promotes ripening of grape berry via increasing the levels of ABA, H2O2, and particularly ethylene. Horticulture Research, 5.
39. Yang, M., Wang, L., Belwal, T., Zhang, X., Lu, H., Chen, C., & Li, L, (2019). Exogenous melatonin and abscisic acid expedite the flavonoids biosynthesis in grape berry of Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho. Molecules, 25(1):12.
40. Zafra-Stone, S., Yasmin, T., Bagchi, M., Chatterjee, A., Vinson, J., & Bagchi, D, (2007). Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 51(6): 675-683. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700002