Sol-Jel Döndürmeli Kaplama Yöntemi ile Li4Ti5O12 Elektrokromik İnce Film Elektrotlarının Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Elektrokromik malzemeler, görünür dalga boyundan yakın kızılötesi dalga boyuna kadar ışık geçirgenliğini ayarlama olanağı sundukları için akıllı pencerelerde ve termal düzenleme uygulamalarında kullanım için önemli bir çekiciliğe sahiptir. Lityum titanyum oksit (Li4Ti5O12) umut vadeden bir elektrokromik elektrot malzemesi olarak tanımlanmış olsa da, akıllı pencerelerdeki uygulama potansiyelini destekleyen kanıtlar sınırlı olup daha fazla kanıt gerektirmektedir. Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), hem elektrokromik hem de enerji depolama özelliklerini aynı anda sergileyen nadir malzemelerden biridir. Lityum iyon yerleştirme sırasında ihmal edilebilir hacim değişimi ve çok sayıda şarj ve deşarj işleminden sonra bile sağlam yapısal kararlılığı sayesinde LTO, dayanıklı ve güvenilir elektrokromik cihazlar için önemli bir malzeme olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı stokiyometrik oranlara sahip yüksek saflıkta Li4Ti5O12 ince filmler, uygun maliyetli sol-jel spin kaplama tekniği kullanılarak sentezlenmiştir. Kaplanmış filmler sistematik olarak karakterize edilmiş ve kristal yapıları, yüzey morfolojileri, kimyasal bileşimleri, optik davranışları ve elektrokromik performansları açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar genel olarak iyi kristal yapıya, homojen yüzey morfolojisine, mükemmel elektrokromik performansa, yüksek geçirgenliğe ve şeffaflığa sahip LTO filmlerinin oluşumunu doğrulamaktadır. Dahası, bu malzemeler akıllı elektrokromik pencerelere ve pasif görüntüleme teknolojilerine entegrasyon için güçlü bir potansiyel sergileyerek, genel enerji kullanımını önemli ölçüde azaltmak için etkili bir yol sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• • Li4Ti5O12
• • İnce Film
• • Döndürmeli Kaplama
• elektrokromik
• pil

Supporting Institution

Bu araştırma, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (EBYÜBAP) tarafından FDK-2023-933 proje numarası ile ve TÜBİTAK (Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu) tarafından 2211-C programı kapsamında 1649B032205924 proje numarası ile maddi olarak desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

EBYÜBAP FDK-2023-933, TÜBİTAK 2211-C program 1649B032205924.

Synthesis and Characterization of Li4Ti5O12 Electrochromic Thin Film Electrodes by Sol-Gel Spin Coating Method

Abstract

Electrochromic materials have attracted considerable attention for smart window technologies and energy-efficient display systems owing to their capability to reversibly regulate optical transmittance. Among these materials, spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is particularly notable, as it combines electrochromic functionality with energy-storage characteristics. In the present work, LTO thin films with varying Li/Ti ratios (1/1, 1.5/1, and 2/1) were fabricated on FTO substrates via a low-cost sol–gel spin-coating approach and have been characterized. Structural and morphological investigations indicated that an increase in the Li/Ti ratio promoted particle agglomeration while simultaneously leading to a decline in crystallinity. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the stoichiometric Li/Ti = 1/1 film exhibited a markedly higher lithium-ion diffusion coefficient (〖1.84×10〗^(-10) 〖cm〗^2/s) compared with the Li/Ti ratio 1.5/1 counterpart (〖4.60×10〗^(-11) 〖cm〗^2/s). Consistent with this behavior, the Li/Ti ratio 1/1 film demonstrated superior electrochromic performance, displaying a change in optical transmittance from approximately 77% in the bleached state to 26% in the colored state within the visible region, corresponding to an optical contrast of about 39% at 633 nm. In contrast, the Li/Ti ratio 1.5/1 film showed a significantly lower optical contrast of roughly 15%. These findings underline the crucial role of stoichiometric control in determining crystallinity, ion transport dynamics, and electrochromic performance in LTO thin films, thereby emphasizing their promise for electrochromic energy-storage systems and smart window applications.

Keywords

• Li4Ti5O12
• Thin film
• Spin Coating
• Electrochromic
• Battery

Supporting Institution

This research was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University (EBYÜBAP) under project number FDK-2023-933, and by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Institution of Türkiye) within the scope of the 2211-C program under project number number 1649B032205924.

Project Number

EBYÜBAP FDK-2023-933, TÜBİTAK 2211-C program 1649B032205924.

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