Jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit: Medical Importance from Past to Present

Abstract

Jujube is a plant in the form of tree or shrub that is resistant to extreme conditions. It is distributed especially in China, India, Southern Europe, Anatolia and the Middle East. Fruits, leaves, seeds and fruit peels parts of the plant are used as a potential drug source for the treatment of various diseases. Phenolic compounds, alkaloids, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, carbohydrates and proteins in these parts of the plant have been proven by various studies to prevent diseases. It has been reported that triterpenic acids, such as ursolic acid, oleanoic acid and betulinic acid, have stopped apoptosis in cancer. It has been proven by various studies that leaves of the jujuba plant are used in the treatment diabetes, obesity, allergy; barks and fruits in the treatment of infection due to the antimicrobial effect; seeds, fruit peels and leaves as antianxiety agent. Its triterpenic acids such as zyutricanalic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid have anti-inflammatory, polysaccharides as an immune system enhancer effects. In Turkey, the lack of adequate study related to the jujuba plant causes the medical importance of the plant is unknown. Phytochemical, medical, clinical pharmacology and toxicology studies need to be increased. This review is thought to have the potential to be the main literature for future studies.

Keywords

• Jujuba,Ziziphus jujuba,Secondary Metabolite,Phenolic Compounds,Triterpenic Acids

Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi

Abstract

Hünnap başta Çin olmak üzere, Hindistan, Güney Avrupa, Anadolu, Ortadoğu’da yayılış gösteren, ekstrem koşullara dayanıklı ağaç ya da çalı formunda bir bitkidir. Bitkinin meyve, yaprak, tohum, kabuk gibi kısımları çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisi için potansiyel ilaç kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bitkinin bu kısımlarında fenolik bileşikler, alkaloitler, vitaminler, mineraller, yağ asitleri, karbonhidratlar ve proteinlerin varlığı sayesinde hastalıkları önlediği çeşitli çalışmalar ile kanıtlanmıştır. İçeriğindeki ursolik asit, oleanoik asit, betulinik asit gibi triterpenik asitlerin kanserde apoptozu durdurduğu bildirilmiştir. Hünnap bitkisinin yaprakları diyabet, obezite, alerji tedavisinde, ağaç kabukları ve meyvesi antimikrobiyal etkisi nedeniyle enfeksiyon tedavisinde, çekirdek, kabuk ve yaprakları sakinleştirici olarak, betulinik asit, zizyberanalik asit, oleanolik asit, ursolik asit gibi triterpenik asitler iltihap giderici olarak, polisakkaritler bağışıklık sistemi güçlendirici olarak kullanımının olabileceği çalışmalar sonucunda kanıtlanmıştır. Ülkemizde hünnap bitkisiyle ilgili yeterli çalışma yapılmaması bitkinin tıbbi öneminin bilinmemesine neden olmaktadır. Fitokimyasal, medikal ve klinik farmakoloji ve toksikoloji çalışmalarının arttırılması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemenin ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için ana literatür olma potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Sekonder Metabolit,Fenolik Bileşikler,Triterpenik Asitler,Hünnap,Ziziphus jujuba,Triterpenik Asitler

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